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c^k.^^ tf p f I / r
J^ar^arlJ CoUrgc ILibrarg
ADDED TO THE
PARKMAN COLLECTION OF
CANADIAN HISTORY
BV GIFT OK
CLARANCE MACDONALD WARNER
II
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
r
THE LIFE AND TIMES
OF
JOSEPH GOULD,
BX-MBMBBB OF THB CANADIAN PABIilAMBNT.
STRUGGLES OP THB BARLT CANADIAN SETTLBBS — SBTTLBMBNT OP UXBBIDGB
SKETCH OP THB HISTORY OP THB COUNTY OP ONTARIO—
THB REBELLION OP 1837 — PARLIAMENTARY
CAREER, ETC., ETC.
REMINISCENCES OF SIXTY YEARS OF ACTIVE POLITICAL
AND MUNICIPAL LIFE.
BY W. H. HIGGINS.
TORONTO:
C. BLAOEETT ROBINSON, 6 JORDAN STREET.
1887.
L/fi^^,
Harvard OoUege Library
Oct. 3 1117.
Gift Of
Olaranoe M. Wamar
Bntered aooordingto Act of the Farlluuent of Oanada, In the year of oar Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty-seven, by O. Blaokbtt Bobinson, in the Office of the Minister
of Agriculture.
CONTENTS.
Chapter 1. ,^g.
Birth of Joseph Gould— How his father, Jonathan Gold, was obliged to make a home
in Canada— Parentage— Ancestry— A "boyish whim** changes the spelling of
the family name 21
Ghaptbb II.
Migration to Canada, 1805— Townships settled by " Pennsylvania-Dutch ** families-
How the long journey from Pennsylvania was made^First halting-place, New-
market — Disappointed with the country — Wishes to return to the States— Sets
to work— Saving up to return— Failure and loss— Accepts patent of lot in lieu of
savings — The location — Description of the new settlement— Names of the first
pioneers of Uzbridge— Indians— Helpful neighbours 24
Ohaptbr III.
Building of the log shanty— First residence of the Goulds in IJzbridge — " My father's
log cabin ** described in verse — Brothers and sisters — Death of father and mother
—Hospitality of the shanty— Early impressions— First lesson 27
Ghaptbb IV.
Mode of clearing the land — ^Wasteful burning of valuable timber— Crops — Mode of
harvesting-* ' Kaisings ** and "logging bees**— '* Exchanging work** — "Tooting
the horn** — Lost in the woods— Code of signals — ^Tattoo— Bears and wolves —
Hairbreadth escapes — Women and children devoured — Cattle, sheep and hogs
carried off— Hunting and trapping wild animals— Tragic story of Corporal Craw-
ford and his family— Devoured by the wolves 32
Chapter V.
Want of educational facilities — First school — Delight at first reading lesson — ^Extent
of schooling— Studies by the log fire — Put to work— Handy at the axe— Soon
able to do a man*8 work— Chopping and clearing— Connection with the Hilbom
family 39
Ghaptbb VI.
Effects of the War of 1812— Immigration checked— The Alien Act— Disheartened
American citizens return to the State»—Gonfiscations— Gloomy outlook — Pro-
gress-Social ties taking root — Joseph Gould as a young man — Character— Books
Frame buildings — ^Decides upon being a carpenter— Arrangement with his father
—Engagement with a master— Befleotions on the step taken— Proficiency—
Unhealthy season — Taken down with fever 41
VIU. CONTENTS.
Chaptbb VII.
' PAGE
The stojry of the murder of Isaac James— Remarkable dream of his mother— The
murderer tracked— His arrest and execution— Yankee '"cuteness" in getting
the reward 45
Ohafpbb VIII.
lUness— Recovery— Working at the trade— Builds a house and bam for his father-
Other jobs— Again ill— The ** Fungus" trouble— The) "great misfortune of his
life "—Treatment— Dr. Widmer — The darkened consulting room — Fright and
horror— Skeleton of Christie, the murderer—** Quacks and fools "—Dr. Widmer*8
opinion— Treatment— Dr. Givins— Cause of the fungus— Detained in York three
months for treatment — No permanent cure 50
Chaptbb IX.
Impressions of his fiirst visit to York— Wonders how people lived such an idle life—
And how they were able to pay their way — ^And at the large number Vho talked
politics and walked the streets— Monice Lawrence's hotel— Learns his A B C in •
politics — First access to a newspaper— 2'Ae Colonial Advocate gives him his first
lesson— Opinion of the Lieutenant-Governor — Of the Executive Council— Of the
Legislative Council— Humorous and sarcastic description— " Black Rod" — The
Assembly — Our splendid country — One-seventh part of the land given away for
the support of the clergy of the Established Church— The list of " Grievances "^
The demand for Responsible Government, etc. — The popular representatives the
best men in the country — ^Mackenzie, Baldwin, Rolph, Bidwell, Perry, Randall
— ^The voice of the Assembly ignored — Agitation for the secularization of the
Clergy Reserves — ^The Governor and Council opposed to all reform— Preparations
for a general election — Public excitement — State of affairs in 1830— Reads and
hears both sides — MakeA a deliberate choice — The principles of the Reform l^arty
the best for the country— Reasons for that conclusion— From that time out a
Reformer 54
Chafteb X.
Engagement to run a sawmill — The dam being carried away puts an end to the job —
Becomes a ** Boss " carpenter— Contracts for and completes several buildings —
Becomes restless — Prepares to go to Cleveland — A talk with Ezekiel James
changes his mind — Leases a Clergy Reserve lot— Chops and clears thirty acres —
Puts in a first crop— Something to brag of —Advantage gained and never lost
afterwards — A bam wanted— No lumber to build— Interview with J. P. Plank
—Unsuccessful— Plank offers to sell the sawmill— Negotiations— Buys— Plants
his '* first stake " in Uxbridge— The dam rebuilt— Breaks away again— Matters
worse than ever— Severe loss 60
Chafteb XI.
Unfortunate journey on Christmas Day — ^An undesirable driving horse — Bad run-
away — Bad wound from a hemlock knot— The knot in the woimded flesh holds
horse and driver I— Taken to Joseph Wixson's and cared for— Doctor sent for—
CONTENTS. ix,
PAGS
Terrible wound — A piece of the knot taken out — ^Taken home— Bemoans his loss,
but thankful— Able to go to work again —The sawmill a complete wreck— Repaired
— Irwin called in, and makes a good job of it — Mill works splendidly — A large
lot of lumber cut— Ready sale, but mostly on credit — Custom of paying accounts
— Hard to make ends meet— Where there is a will there is a way— Successful
struggle— Fortunate in a boarding-house 64
Chapter XII.
Uxbridge— 1806— 183a— A mighty change— The "first break*' in the forest— 1806—
\ Dr. Beswick— Sets about building a gribtmill and sawmill— Discouraged— Sells
out— Joseph Collins— The mills finished— 1807— 1809— Robert Wilson— His im-
provements—Sells out to J. P. Plank — He builds a sawmill— Sells out to Mr.
Gould— Enterprise of Joseph Collins— His accidental and melancholy death—
1815 — A great calamity — Severe blow to the progress of the place— His widow
and children — The property neglected — 1826 — Mr. Plank's purchases— Builds a
hotel and storehouse — Carleton Lynde — First merchant in Uxbridge — Mr. Gould
settles ctown— Uxbridge in 1832 67
Chaptsb XIII.
Successful operation of the sawmill — Good, wheat crop— Prosperity — A hole in the
dam— Narrow escape — Another bad break — Disheartened with the mill — Likes
farming better — Exchanges for farm land— Squire Bagshaw — Bagshaw rebuilds
the dam— Breaks away again— Bagshaw disgusted— Wants to "trade" back-
Leaves the place— Writes Mr. Gould, giving up the mill— Finds out that fiag-
shaw does not own the land traded — ^Legal proceedings— Resumes possession of
the miU— Bagshaw returns — A scene— Bagshaw in danger of another "mill" —
Runs— Peace — ^An amicable settlement— A lasting job made of the dam— In-
creased prosperity — Better arrangements — Housekeeping — Reflections 71
Chapter XIV.
The Collins family— What became of the widow and children— Poetic epistle to
Joseph Collins, enclosing a $10 bill— John Bogart— Further particulars of early
settlement — "A wide-awake Dutchman" — Tribute to Mrs. Plank— Renewed
immigration — Further additions— 1834 — Joel and Ruf us Bardwell — Two " smart "
Yankees- Rufus ** wanted " at the American side — How the deputy sheriff and
constable were tricked— Epistle to a brother poet— Still rhyming and romantic . . 7&
Chaptkb XV.
Abraham Anderson settles— 1836— Buys from the Bardwells— Joel Bardwell buys
the Gould gristmill and farm— Joel "wanted" — His escape from the constable —
The constable turns up as the owner of the farm !— Suspicions about the transfer
— Robert Taylor builds and does a "smashing" business — Joseph Bascom starts
a tannery, etc.— First mail route— First postmaster of Uxbridge— Weekly mails
— Mr. Bascom*s improvements— Other improvements— Joseph Marsland — His
improvements— Mr. Anderson's improvements— 1836— Unsuooessful merchants—
The milla— Price of lumber-Other old settiers 84^
X. CONTENTS.
Chaptkb XVL
PAGE
Popularity of Gould's mill — Increasing prosperity — What industry and self-denial
can do— Punctuality in engagements— Good results of this principle— A lesson to
others— Looking out for a helpmate — ^Youthful follies corrected— Turns to his
friends the Quakers to choose a wife — ^The James Family— Three well-brought-up
daughters — Opinion of the Quaker dress for ladies— Fashionable dress condemned
— Admiration of the James young ladies— Invited to the house— Courtship —
Mary James— His attachment reciprocated— Proposes— Is accepted— The **day '*
fixed— A light heart—" Many a sUp, "etc 87
Chaptkb XVII.
Politics— Takes the Eeform side— Speaks at public meetings— A local leader— Incon-
venient polling places— Evil effects of the system then prevailing— Polls kept
open' for a week and longer— The tavern-keepers* harvest— Their tricks— Open
houses— Other bad practices— Violence and scenes of strife during an election
contest — Free-holders — The work of canvassers— Mr. Gould's personal experi-
ences—Support of Mackenzie- Mackenzie's expulsion from the House and
re-elections— Election reminiscences— Mrs. Doble 91
Chaptkb XVIII.
1837— Misgovemment of Canada— The causes which led up to rebellion— Mr. (rould's
statement of the case — Political excitement— Position of Lower Canada— The
power of the Crown— The system culminating in rebellion— Upper Canada-
Refusal to redress grievances— The ''Family Compact " — Mr. Gould's convictions
—Ogle R. Gowan and Orangeism— Estimate of Mackenzie— Bishop Strachan—
Chief Justices Robinson and Draper— Misrepresentation of Reformers in England
—Irritation of the people— Neglect and injustice— Causes of antagonism and
revolt— Opposed to taking up arms— Believed the trouble might have been
avoided— Statesmen wanted— Sir F. Bond Head— Great expectations— Disap-
pointed hopes— Tory action— Sir Francis cajoled— He takes sides with the Tory
party— His appointments — Mr. Baldwin— His remonstrance— Ministerial respon-
sibility—Resignation of Reform Ministers— Constitutional fight— Sir Francis's
views of his responsibility— Action of the Assembly— OflBcial insolence— Indig-
nant citizens— "A Roland for an Oliver" — First low mutterings of insurrection
— Demand for Responsible Government 96
Chaptkb XIX.
Active measures— Mr. Gould not a willing participant— Confidence still in redress of
grievances by the Home Gk>vemment— Unable to dissuade Mackenzie from his
plans— Taunted with cowardice — Remonstrances unheeded— Nothing left for him
but join his friends— Arrival at Montgomery's— State of things there— Mackenzie
opening mail-bags— No order or discipline— Precautions against surprise— Sets
pickets, etc.—" Captain " Matthews— First attack on the city by the Don Bridge
—The troops in motion— The " patriots ''^ march against them— Struggle in the
"bush "—Badly armed— Hostilities commence— Play of the field-pieces— Destruc-
tive eflfect-'* Captain" Wideman killed— Others wounded— Montgomery's taken
CONTENTS. Xi.
PAGE
— The hotel set on fire-^**The day lost" — Dispersion of the patriots— Unable
to get home— Takes to the woods — Surrounded and captured— Taken to Toronto
—Imprisoned in the Legislative Council Chamber— Examination— Release -^
Marriage 106
Chaptieb XX.
•County Ontario— Name— Extent— Boundaries— Face of the country— North and
South Ridings— Parliamentary representation — The "Genymander"— West
Ontario- Mr. George Wheler and Mr. J. D. Edgar — Municipal representation —
Township, town and village municipalities— County council -United counties
of Ontario, Tork and Peel— Separation^Ontario constituted a new county —
Proclamation— Provisional County— Whitby the County Town 112
Chapter XXI.
jLndent divisions of the Province— The Act of 1788— New districts— Early settlement
— U. E. L. 's. —American patriots— First county settlers— 1794-^Benjamin Wilspn
— Raiding Indians— Wilson's provisions looted — The frightened family move on —
A friendly chief — Provisions restored— A peace belt — ^Friends^iip with the Chip-
paway band— The first Farewells— Sergeant Cranford— Settlement of the Fare*
wells— Trading with the Indians— The murder of John Sharp— Eleazir Lockwood
— 0-go-ton-og-cut — Colonel Givins- Arrest of the murderer— Toronto Island-
Question of jurisdiction — Prisoner to be tried in the Newcastle District— Loss of
schooner Speedy, with judge, crown prosecutor, prisoner, constables, witnesses
and all on board— Solicitor-General De Grey — His will — Mimumission of and
provision for his slaves 116
Chapter XXII.
Names of early front settlers — First surveys — Whitby and Pickering one district
municipality— Old municipal records — Extracts from minute book— Names of
first township officers— Curious by-laws— Great plenty of game and fish— Salmon
caught with pitchforks — Chased by wolves — Jabez Lynde — His house — ^1803 —
First school in Whitby— Early immigrants— " The Irishmen"— ''The Scotch-
men**— "The Englishmen "—How distinguished— New arrivals — Gradual settle-
~ ment— Names of settlers, 1811—1820—1822—1829 to 1833— Old Baptist Church-
Place for meetings — The Old Kipk built— Local gatherings— Consumption of
whiskey— Division of the township — Area, assessment, valuation, etc. — ^Vil-
lages, etc. 123
-Chapter XXIII.
East Whitby — Area, population, assessed value— Number of ratepayers on roll — First
settlers— First gristmill— Sawmills— First road made — Help's settlement — 1831 —
Immigrants— Successful farmers— Their descendants — Oshawa Creek — Mills —
Local market — Growth of settlement — Mr. Wright — His mare the only available
horse — His ox-cart — A kind neighbour— Villages 180
Chapter XXIV.
Pickering^Character of soil, area, population, assessed value, etc.— ViUages— First
settlers— Old records— Early township officers— 1800— 1810— Settlers— 1811—
1815-1816— 1820-1821-Settlers, 1825 to 1835r-Sqnire Leys-Squire Birrell—
Xll. CONTENTS.
Court of Bequests— Fothergill— McKay— Old Brock Road settlement — Demorest's
sawmill— Other grist and sawmills — Kineale settlement— Captain Macaulay^
Want of roads — Immigrants of *Z2 and '34— The Millers, Joneses, etc. — Thomp-
son's tavern— Township meetings — Specimen by-laws— 1836 — 1837— Peter Mat-
thews — Settlers up to 1846 — First township library— Hector Beaton— Truman
White— Dr. Tucker— Magistrates* court — Anecdote of Squires Birrell and Green. 132*
Chaptkr XXV.
Beach — Survey, 1809 — Area — Assessed value, etc.— Quality of soil— Reuben Crandell
— First white child bom— Scugog— Port Perry — Villacies- Sheriff Paxton— Early
settlers — Scugog Island — Statistics — Increase in value — Indians — Surveyed,
1816-17— Purdy*s milldam— First settlers— Brock— 1817— Surveyed— First settlers
—Statistics— Quality of Boil--James Reekie—" King of Brock "—Col. Vrooman—
Ancestors of present settlers — Jol^n Hall Thompson — Nipissing Railway — A
Tory township — Scott — Statistics of —Survey, 1807 — ^First settlers— Evans Jones
—The Leasks, Weldons, PhiUips, Thompsons, etc., etc.- Settlement from 1830. . 141
Chapter XXVI.
Thorah— Statistics— Surveys, 1820 and *27— White, the surveyor, 1822 -Ensign Turner
— Squire Cameron — Glengarry immigrants, 1824-*28 — Settlement of half -pay offi-
cers— Islay settlers — Donald Calder, Hector Grant— Long journey to mill— First
bridge — ^The Beaver River— Road from Beaverton to Oshawa — Sutherland and
Argyll settlers— 1830— The Bruces— 1833— The Proctors— Charles Robinson— His
descendants— The EUises— John McKay— First post office— 1835 — CoL Cameron
— ^Beaverton— Progress of township— Government grants for roads— Grants by
county council — Railway bonus— Municipal representatives— Churches — Beau-
tiful situation of Beaverton— Originally called Milton— 1834 and 1887 contrasted. 14^,
Chapteb XXVII.
Mara— First survey— 1821— Completed 1836— Settlement— Soil— First clearings —
Patrick Corrigan— 1823— Arthur Kelly, an old Reformer— "Votes for Paxton"
r^ 1827^ The Camerons, McDonaghs, etc.— Large Irisli Catholic and Scotch
Catholic settlement— Philip McRae, Alex. Kennedy— D. G. Hewett, J. P. Foley
— Brechin— Midland Railway— Stations in municipality — Increased value of farm
lands— Separation of Mara and Rama— 1869 — Statistics. Rama— First survey, -
L834— Second survey, 1855 — Final survey— Settlement of British officers in 1835
— Captain McPherson, James McPherson, Captain Garnet, and others — Bank
of Upper Canada and Indian Reserve purchase— Indian settlement at Orillia
removed to Rama — Rama Indian village — Picturesque spot — Longford Mills-
John Thomson— His sons— Uxbridge— Other early settlers and prominent men
of Uxbridge— Statistics, etc 160
Chafer XXVIII.
Whitby — Constituted County Town— Slow growth— General review — Rise and pro-
gress — Speculation— Evil results— Collapse— Enterprise checked— Fine houses
and those who built them— "Trafalgar Castle"— Ontario Ladies* College—
Churches, schools— Public buildings— Railway debt— Poor return for— Market
before railways — Trade cut off— Manufactures — Bonuses— Old residents and new
comers 156
CONTENTS. XIU.
, Chaptee XXIX.
PAOB
Oshawa— Skae'g Corners— Pioneer settlers— Their descendants— First mail— First
mill— The old families^Bepresentative men— Manufactures— First incorporated
village in the county — Statistics. Port Perry- Incorporated— First store — First
sawmill — First start — Growth — Industries — Fires — Statistics — Founders of
village. Cannington — Incorporated — Situation — Manufacturing facilities —
Statistics 162
Chaptbb XXX.
Municipalities of Ontario in the United Counties— Causes of separation from Tork
and Peel— First Provisional Council— First meeting— Provisional warden and
clerk — Interesting proceedings — Speeches of Joseph Geuld and others — Beso-
lution in favour of an appropriation for County buildings — Second meeting— No
quorum — The struggle for County existence— Determined action of Mr. Gould—
His casting vote— A protest— The struggle continued— Another meeting— Michael
McDonagh — County treasurer— By-law and resolution passed — Public meetings
— Mr. Gould's action endorsed— Nextmeeting — Proceedings— Recommendations
for County offices— Names of candidates— Proceedings in the courts— Friends of
the County united by the oppressive action of the United Counties' representa-
tives-Site for county buildin^^ chosen — Contract let — Further abortive legal
proceedings 166
Chaptbb XXXI.
First meeting of Provisional Council, 1853— Members present— Proceedings— Mr.
Gibbs ele^ed warden — Displaced — Captain Rowe elected — A retrospect —
Claimants for the County Town— A better understanding — Action of Georgina
— Secedes— Mr. Hartman's conduct — ^Unjustifiable legislation— Remonstrance of
Mr. Gould— Progress of the County buildings — Laying the Comer stone — An
account M the grand doings upon that occasion — Testimony in favour of Mr.
Gould's noble course— A letter from him placed with the deposits under the
Comer stone 178
Chaptbb XXXII.
The fight for the County offices — Proclamation dissolving the union of Counties— The
County of Ontario constituted — Official appointments— New Commission of the
Peace— Sheriff Reynolds's appointment 187
Chaptbb XXXIII.
1864— First meeting of the new County Council— Members present— Proceedings-
Mr. Gibbs elected warden— County officials appointed— Names and dates—
Opening of the courthouse— First sessions of the peace— Compliment to Mr.
Gibbs— First assizes— Compliments all around— The Railway question— Influ-
ential meeting— Resolutions passed— Railway charter obtained— Directors— Steps
taken to build a line from Whitby to Georgian Bay— Sykes and Co.'s offer to
build the road — The question at the municipal elections — By-law before the
County Coundl discussed— Mr. Abraham Farewell's advocacy— Defeat of the
Xiv. CONTENTS.
by-laws — Its disastrous effects — Offer of Hon. George Brown— Surveys— Vain
appeals to the County Council— Causes of hostility to the project— Action of the
town of Whitby— County by-law submitted— Defeated— The Railway agitation
kept up — Other lines projected and extended— Railway campaigns— Celebration
of the opening of the Toronto and Nipissing 19^
Chapter XXXIV.
.NeV railway charter— Whitby to Port Perry— Directors— Stock— Subscriptions-
Favourable contract — Dissensions — A new contract entered into — The terms-
Turning the first sod by H. R. H. Prince Arthur— More grand doings— The cere-
mony—Loyal and enthusiastic welcome of the Prince— Addresses of the Town
and County Councils— Replies of the Prince and Governor-General— Progijess of
the work— Change of contractors— Squabbling and bad management— Impending
ruin the result— James Holden to the rescue— Completion of the line to Port
Perry — The latter place boomed and built up 213.
Chaptkb XXXV.
Extension to Lindsay— Connection with the Victoria Railway— Great expectations-
Municipal bonuses— Whitby leads the way— Government aid— Line opened to
Lindsay— Amalgamation with the Midland— Swallowed up in the Grand Trunk
—The Ontario Central— Other railway projects— The C, P. R.— Present railway
lines and connections within the county 223-
Chapter XXXVI.
Visit of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales to the County— A memorable event — Special
session of the County Council— Votes for the reception— Interesting proceedings
— Appropriation — A gala day — Great rejoicing— Immense crowds— The deoora-
tions— The addressee— The replies, etc., etc, etc. 225-
Chapter XXXVII.
Roads -^Harbours —Proposed canal— Early want of County roads — The leading
County highways— Government sale of roads and harbours — 1852— Whitby, Lake
Scugog, Simooe and Huron Road Company— Simooe Street and the Nonquon—
Old Brock Road— Appropriations— 1860, $20,000— County bridges— Appropria-
tions for— Whitby Harbour improvements— 1833— John Welsh— Want of early
shipping facilities— 1842— Windsor Road Co.— Warehouses built— Purchase of
the road and harbour— Seized and sold in 1863 by Government— Mr. Gould and
Mr. Draper become the purchasers— 1876 — Road surrendered to the County —
Death of Mr. Draper — Refusal of the town to purchase the harbour — A golden
opportunity lost— Proposed canal— County grant for survey— Report of engineer. 240
Chapter XXXVIII.
Educational interests — Growth of education in the County — A retrospect of the past
-:-Statistics— Public Schools— Separate Schools— High Schools of the county —
County Model School— Ontario Ladies' College— DemiU College— Pickering Col-
lege-Foundation of the High Schools— Brief sketches— Indian School, etc 253
CONTENTS. XVr
OHAPnm XXXIX.
Farming — Stock-breedmg — Position of the Farmers — First County Agricultural
Society— Officers— North Ontario County Society—Prizes in '63 and *86— Volun-
teer Companies— Formation of 34th Battalion— County Wardens— Parliamentary
Bepresentatives— The County Press 261
CiHAPTER XL.
Mr. Gk>uld urged to enter Parliament, 1854— Candidate for North Ontario— The
nomination — ^The other candidates— A Tory stronghold— Ogle R. Gowan— The
speeches- Mr. Gk>uld's« Section address — The vote — Gould elected— Quarrel be-
tween Messrs. Gibbs and Gowan 267
^ Chapter XLI.
Keform measures passed— A contrast — Differences with Mackenzie — Mr. Gould votes
for measures, not men— Asserts his independence— A "tongue-thrashing" from
Mackenzie, and a retort — Mr. John Lumsden — His election for South Ontario —
The vote — Meeting of Parliament at Quebec, September, 1854 — Hincks beaten—
The MacNab Coalition — Mr. Gould's votes— Approval of his constituents — The
Clergy Beserves Bill— Mr. J. W. Gamble's amendment — Mr. Gould speaks — His
position defined— Settlement of the Clergy Beserves and Seignorial Tenure Bills
— Sir Edmund Head's reference to the settlement 27^
Chafteb XLII.
Bepresentation by Population, Mr. Gould battles for — Advocates Confederation in
1854 — The true remedy for Upper Canadian grievances- Meeting of Parliament
at Toronto, February, 1856 — ^The Seat of Government question-rMr. Gould's
course — Motion moved by him — Ministerial changes — Votes non-confidence — His
seat attacked— A Committee appointed — Beport in favour of Mr. Grould — Spirited /
actipn of the Legislative Council — Elective Legislative Councillors — Queen's
Division- The candidates— Meetings and speeches— Activity of Mr. Gould — ^Mr.
Simpson elected 279
Chaptkb XLIII.
Session of February, 1857 — Seat of Government question— Lengthy debate— Bef erred
to the Queen — Mr. Gould's vote— His Parliamentary work— Dissolution— General
election — Mr. Gould again nominated for North Ontario — His address to the
electors — Mr. Ogle B. Gowan again his opponent — Interesting proceedings at the
nomination— Mr. Gould's speech— His anti-Catholic sentiments misrepresented—
The true account of what took place— Explanations— Mr. Gould re-elected— The
^'Moderates "—The "Grits "—The '^Baldwin Bef ormers "— The Coalitionists. . . 283
Chaptkb XLIV.
Effects of the injurious accusation against Mr. Gould— Mutual explanations— Ample
reparation— Letter of Bev. Father Brayere— South Ontario, 1857— First election
of Hon. Oliver Mowat to parliament— Hon. J. C. Morrison his opponent— Origin
of the term, <* Christian Politician "—The appellation justified— Votes with Mr.
XVI. CONTENTS..
PAGE
Moyrat— And lives to see his son supporting him as Premier in the Legblature
of Ontario— Hon. Mr. Mowat's supporters— James Dryden— His son, John
Dryden, M.PP.— Greneral election, July, 1861— Defeated— "Orange and Green"
influences— His work in subsequent contests — His labours in other directions : ,
Educational, agricultural, commercial— In private life 287
Chapter XLV.
A lucky venture— Death — Children— His will— Bequests — Disposition of property—
Uxbridge Mechanics* Institute —" Tlie Gould Relief Fund"— Donations to
churches— Interest in the cause of Education— Dispositiqp of property amongst
< the children— Isaac J. Gould, M.PP. — Gould Brothers- Electric light introduced
— Family gatherings — Pleasing character— Conclusion 291
INTRODUCTORY.
THE Life and Times of Joseph Gould — extending from the
opening to almost the closing decade of the present century —
embrace an important and exciting period pt Canadian history.
It is a period full of stirring events, and in which he played no
unimportant part. The history of the trials and struggles of the
pioneers of early settlement — of those j&rst Canadian settlers who
courageously entered "the forest primeval," and manfully hewed
out homes for themselves — must always form a subject of deep
interest and reflection, more especially to the Canadian reader.
It has already been told, and well told, and no doubt read with
profit, in various publications. Taken from the lips of one born
in the midst of the hardships and privations incident to the posi-
tion, the story can scarcely fail to awaken fresh interest. The
story of Mr. Gould's life not only tells of unremitting toil, and of
difficulties overcome in the early condition of the country, but it
also exhibits the reward which awaits honourable industry, self-
denial and heroic perseverance. Born in a log cabin in the woods,
Joseph Gould endured all the vicissitudes, and experienced in his
own person almost all the varying fortunes of Canadian life. From
a barefooted boy, assisting his parents to pile up and burn a heap
of "brush" in a "clearing," he advanced, as he grew to manhood,
through all the gradations of pathmaster, municipal councillor,
school trustee, and warden, to the honour of a seat in Parliament
.as representative of his native county.
Mr. Gould was self-taught, and considering his early educational
18 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
opportunities, or rather the want of them, his proficiency was
wonderful. He was an . insatiable reader and fairly devoured all
the books and newspapers that came in his way. His first real
political lessons were learned from Mackenzie's Colonial Advocate,
although long before that he had taken part in election contests
against " The Family Compact," and was looked up to as some-
thing of an active local leader. The most prominent feature of his
character was, however, a stern conscientiousness, and an intense
love of liberty, combined with a determination to assert Ij^is own
rights, and never, come what may, fail in meeting his business
engagements. Before he ever read Shakespeare he had adopted
Hamlet's grand precept —
This above all— To thine own self be true ;
And it must follow as the night the day,
Thou canst not then be false to any man.
The following pages disclose these characteristics, and also, while
glancing at the manners and customs of the early days of settle-
ment, exhibit the growth and progress of the country, from an unim-
portant Crown colony, to its present grandeur as the Dominion of
Canada.
The printing of his memoirs had been for some years contem-
plated by Mr. Gould. A few months before his death he expressed
a strong desire to avail himself of the author's services for that
purpose. Invitations had been given to visit him and ^'talk matters
over." But —
Life's latest hour is nimble in approach —
Death, all too swiftly, stepped in and prevented the conference that
from various causes had been from time to time deferred.
The family of Mr. Gould, desiring to carry out what they
believe to be his wishes, have now undertaken the publication of his
INTRODUCTOBY. 19
memoirs as a filial duty. To further that object, they have placed
an accumulation of miscellaneous papers and memoranda — the
greater portion of them in the deceased gentleman's own hand-
writing — at my disposal. Amongst these papers I find what was
intended as an autobiography, continued up to the year 1837, and
which is here made available as far as possible in the task I have
undertaken. In these prefatory remarks, I also deem it entirely
proper to give the reasons supplied by Mr. Gould (and which must
have weighed with his family),- for wishing to print the account of
his life. They must enlist the sympathies of the reader for the
yearnings of the man, who, with nothing tp back him but his
native energy and extraordinary industry, fought his way to a front
place in his own little world, and who longed to be remembered in
the story of his successful life-battle. Here is how he expresses
his sentiments on this head : —
"It has been stated by the author of the history of one of the
early settlements of Ontario that there exists, as one characteristic
of the nineteenth century, an earnest desire on the part of many to
recall, and in mind to live over the days and years that are past.
And I, too, most frankly confess that I have great pleasure in
pondering over and musing upon the scenes of bygone days, and
in thinking over again the hardships and struggles of pioneer life.
And whilst this feeling is pretty general amongst the early settlers
of Canada, it has for its justification the fact that those men lived
longer and saw more in the same space of time than most other
men in any other age or country. The man of seventy, who has
lived either in Canada or the United States all his lifetime, will have
witnessed greater changes and more material improvement than
has probably taken place in Europe for a thousand years anterior
to his time. He will have more to talk about and more to leave to
posterity than the men who have preceded him of any former time.
Take for instance the social, political and commercial condition of
this country at the present time, and contrast it with what it was
20 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
sixty or seventy years ago. Is not the mind bewildered and
amazed at the progress that has been made? And as a son of one
of the earliest pioneers of Upper Canada — born in one of the first
shanties built in the backwoods — and having taken some part in
the political and material progress and development of the Province,
and assisted in my humblie way in bringing about those great
changes, I may be excused if I acknowledge the gratification afforded
me in reviewing the past; in contemplating the scenes of my
youth, and pointing out what the country was then, and what it is
now, and in narrating some of the trials and privations and early
struggles in which I have been engaged, and in describing the
humble part I have taken in assisting the men of progress of my
day in bringing about the happy and prosperous state of things
which now obtains in the country of my birth. It is the great
pleasure which I feel in all this that prompts the desire to write a
short history of what my memory still retains of my own life and
times, having reference to Canadian progress in general, and of the
town and township of Uxbridge in particular.'*
Although acquiescing in the rule universally respected — De
mortuis nil nisi bonum — I have felt throughout the preparation of
this work that nothing could justify any departure from the strict
historical record; and whatever its deficiencies in other respects,
I trust that I may be able to claim for it at least the merit of
truthfulness and impartiality.
W. H. HiGGINS.
16 Clarence Squabe, Toronto,
July 2nd, 1887.
CHAPTER I.
Birth of Joseph Gould — How his father, Jonathan Gk>ld, was obliged to make a home in
Canada— Parentage— Ancestry — A * * boyish whim " changes the spelling of the family
name.
JOSEPH GOULD was born on the old Gould Farm, lot 32 in the
6th concession of Uxbridge, on the 29th of December, 1808,
According to the received traditions of the locality, he was the
second male child (of white parents), born in the township. His
father obtained a deed of this lot — then part of the primeval forest
— from a Mr. Cornell, of Scarborough, and settled upon it in the
early spring of the same year.
Like so many other instances in which the future of man's life
is determined by unexpected, and what are sometimes considered
trivial events, the settlement of the Goulds in Uxbridge was brought
about by an accidental circumstance of the kind. Mr. Gould's
father had saved some $200 to enable him to remove to
Ohio. This money he left in the haAids of his employer, a Mr.
Beaman. The employer failed in business and Gould, the father's,
savings were lost. Beaman being an honourable man, and anxious
to discharge his obligation to his employe^ did the next best thing
he could, by procuring for him the deed of the lot. The alternative
of having to accept 200 acres of wild land in Uxbridge, instead
of his $200 cash, was regarded at the time by old Mr. Gould
as a serious setting back to his future prospects. He wished to
go to Ohio; he was compelled to remain in Canada; and this he
regarded as a calamity. In after years, when speaking of this
incident, and of man's blindness touching the ways of Providence,
22 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Mr. Gould liked to quote the familiar lines from Pope's "Essay
on Man" —
O blindness to the future ! kindly given,
That each may fill the circle marked by heaven.
as apropos to the position.
Joseph Gould was of Irish extraction. He gives the following
account of his ancestry, which is authenticated by family records,
and an old, well-preserved family Bible, of the date of 1714, and
now amongst the most valued heirlooms that have descended to his
children.
"My great-grandfather, Michael Gold, emigrated from the
north of Ireland to Philadelphia about the year 1720. My grand-
father, Joseph Gold, was born in 1740; and my father, Jonathan
Gold, was bom in Germantown, Pennsylvania, on the 5th day
of October, 1774. My great-grandfather settled and married
amongst the Dutch, and lived and died in Germantown. He
went by the nickname of 'Michael Killbuck/ from the circum-
stance of his having killed a buck by breaking his back with a blow
of a cudgel which he constantly carried, as the deer rushed past
him. My grandfather also married into a Dutch family of the
name of Carr, at the same place, and where my father was born.
My grandfather and his family afterwards moved from Germantown
to Western Pennsylvania, and settled near a village called Cata-
wissa, in the iron region. Of the date of removal thence, my
authority, an old family Bible, does not inform me. There my
father married his first wife, Anna Hilborn. She was the oldest
daughter of Thomas Hilborn, who afterwards came to Canada, in
1804, and settled on lot No. 35 in the 6th concession of Uxbridge.
Anna died in giving birth to her third child, leaving surviving her
a son and daughter, Isaiah and Hannah. About a year after her
death, my father married again. His second wife, Bachel Lee, was
my mother. She was daughter of Daniel Lee, who belonged to the
State of MarylJEind, and was of Irish descent. She was a near
ANCESTBY — THE FAMILY NAME. 23
relative — a cousin in the second degree, it has been traced — of
Eobert E. Lee, the celebrated Confederate General. Her mother's
maiden name was Buckman, from Buck's County, where many
branches of the family still reside."
From this, it will be seen that, although the father, Jonathan,
had a dash of Dutch blood in him, on the female side, Joseph Gould
was of Irish extraction through both parents.
Speaking of the family name, he tells us: — "Our name should
be Gold, as the family records show, for 170 years back. It has
been corrupted by the introduction of the letter *u' since my
time; and the change is chargeable to myself, I am very sorry to
say, through a whim in boyhood while attending school." And
then he very naively gives the following account, which from some
may perhaps provoke a smile, at the "whim" that caused him to
make the change in the spelling of his name: **I may say that
the only book I ever learned spelling from was the old Webster
spelling-book. It had a page or two of words with the meanings
attached; and I noticed the words — G-o-l-d — a metal; G-o-u-l-d — a
man's name. In the evening after going home, I asked my father
why he wrote his name Gold, which was a metal, when Gould was
a man's name. He said that the family had always written it so,
as far back as he had any record. * Well,' I replied, 'I think I shall
write my name G-o-u-l-d, Gould, as I want a man's name and not
the name of a metal.' And so I commenced writing the name
GOULD,* and in a few years the whole family did the same."
* In the record, carefully kept in the Bible, and inspected by the author,
the nttme is invariably spelt Gold.
CHAPTER II.
I
\
Migration to Canada, 1805 — Townships settled by " Pennsylvanian-Dutch " families—
How the long journey from Pennsylvania was made — First halting-place, New-
market—Disappointed with the country — Wishes to return to the States— Sets to
work— Saving up to return— Failure and loss— Accepts patent of lot in lieu of
t savings — The location — DsRcription of the new settlement — Names of the first-
pioneers of Uxbridge — Indians— Helpful neighbours.
AFTEE his father and mother had been married a year or bo, and
had one child, they were induced to migrate to Canada. This
was in the year 1805. Several families from the same neighbour-
hood moved in together at the same time. Between the years 1800
and 1810 a very considerable migration took place from the State
of Pennsylvania, to Upper Canada, of German families. They were
commonly called ** Pennsylvania-Dutch; " most of them were mem-
bers of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, and all were an excellent
class of settlers. From that element, principally, the townships of
Markham and Vaughan received their first contribution of early
settlers. The townships of King, Whitchurch, East Gwillimbury
and Uxbridge also received a chief portion of their first settlers
from the same source. And it was with a batch of neighbours and
friends of this class that the parents of the subject of these memoirs
arrived in this country.
The long journey from Pennsylvania was, we are told, accom-
plished in large covered waggons, of the most primitive style, with
four-horse teams. One of such teams was driven by the father^
Jonathan. Over the ample waggon-boxes there were raised large
bent hoops, and these were securely covered over with strong
canvas. In these receptacles were stowed away the beds and
MIGRATION TO CAl^ADA. 25
bedding, the provisions, the feed for the horses, all the necessary
cooking and other household utensils, the family clothing, and all
the other useful household belongings for which space could be
found. In journeying along, they stopped wherever night overtook
them, ^ave the horses a small feed of oats, and turned them loose
to pick up whatever grass they could by the wayside. Some of the
party were able to bring with them a cow, to provide their little
child with milk on the way, and this was the means of supplying
most needful wants to the young. They travelled slowly, making
no more than twenty miles a day, and taking three weeks to make
the journey. They crossed over the Niagara Eiver above the Falls,
and so around by Hamilton and down to Little York, and thence
north, up Yonge Street to Newmarket.
On arriving in Canada, continues Mr. Gould's narrative, my
father made his first halting place on Yonge Street, in the town-
ship of King, a mile or so west of Newmarket. He had the right
to a free grant of 400 acres of land for himself, and 200 acres for his
eldest son, Isaiah Gold. But he was disappointed with what he
saw and did not like the country. He therefore determined to
return to the States and settle in Ohio, where he and his wife had
relatives. Having no money to help him make the return journey,
and the season being far advanced, he was obliged to stay over the
winter. He rented a small farm of forty acres, which he worked;
and he also got work at teaming goods from old Mr. Beaman — hia
regular trips being between Newmarket and York (now Toronto),
At this work he continued for nearly two years, hoping to save
money enough to enable him to remove to Ohio. But just then,
Beaman failed, owing the father $200. The intention of going to
Ohio had to be abandoned for want of means. And so the patent
of the lot of wild land was accepted by Jonathan in lieu of his care-
fully hoarded earnings, as has been already stated. Indeed he had
no other alternative. And so we find him settling down on the 200
acres, composing lot 82 in the 6th concession of Uxbridge, in the
26 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
spring of 1808. It was a lonely location in the depth of the woods.
The place was over thirty miles distant from the settlement on
Yonge Street. There was no road, only a track, for the greater
part of the way, through a dense forest. The few settlers were
scattered miles apart. There were only about a dozen of them
altogether — all from the State of Pennsylvania. Mr. Gould gives
the names. They were, Elijah Collins, James Hughes, George
Webb, Charles Chapman, Samuel Siddens, Samuel Hains, Job
Webb, Ezekiel Eoberts, Eobert Wilson, Amos Hilborn, Joseph
Collins,' William Gold, Ezekiel James, Thomas Hilborn, and Jona-
than Gold. Those families for several years constituted the only
settlers of Uxbridge. And there was not a solitary white settler
further north at this time, none, it is asserted, north of Uxbridge
range of townships to the north pole.
The Indians were then numerous, and they were friendly and
sociable. Sparse and scattered as the settlers were — some of them
living at as great a distance as six or seven miles apart — they
assisted one another in "blazing" and "brushing" roads and cut-
ting pathways through the woods and swamps, and over and
around the hills, and at "logging-bees," and otherwise in exchang-
ing work from one clearing to another. Their helpful sympathies
were awakened towards each other, and Quakers, or Friends, as
they mostly all were, composing one little community, their offices
of good neighbourhood were extended to each other in constant acts
of ready brotherly kindness.
CHAPTER III.
Building of the log shanty— First residence of the Goulds in Uxbridge — "My father's log
cabin " described in verse — Brothers and sisters — Death of father and mother — Hospi-
tality of the shanty —Early impressions — First lesson.
^ATUEALLY, the providing of a place of shelter for his figi,mily
^ was the first thought of Jonathan Gold. The building of
anything approaching what would be considered a dwelling-house
in modern days was out of the question. The log shanty was the
-all-prevailing habitation of the early settler. In fact it was the
only kind of dwelling that could be provided, with the means and
material at hand. And .so the log cabin, the first residence of the
Goulds in Uxbridge, was put up. In after years, when Joseph
Gould was occupying his splendid mansion, when he had reached
u position of affluence and was surrounded with all the comforts and
refinements of civilized life, his thoughts often turned with fondness
to the humble home in which he was born. Those who only knew
him as the practical, industrious, money-making, self-made business
man and astute politician, would never have guessed that beneath
ihat calculating exterior there was a highly imaginative and senti-
mental nature. But it is a fact that Joseph Gould indulged his
fancy in courting the Muses, and that he was "guilty** of making
rhymes and verses. Amongst his papers there are several pages,
headed " Early Poetry," and scattered throughout an old memo-
randum book are to be found many fragments in rhyme, and some
seemingly most industrious attempts at verse-making. The fol-
lowing, descriptive of the first log cabin, is here introduced. It is
prefaced : —
28 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
"On my birthplace; composed for my wife, while musing "over
the past."
MY FATHER'S LOG CABIN.
There was a man in early time —
When Canada in childhood stood —
Came from a southern, warmer clime,
And sheltered in her shady wood.
, His wealth was in his head and hands ;
His team ; a wife and children three;
He wanted house, and home, and lands ;
But how to get them could not see.
With two years' toil of self and team.
He bought a lot whereon to* rest ;
The price he paid, too dear did seem —
The land was good, but not the best.
This lot lay twenty miles away
From settlement, in forest lone ;
Where tall green pines, and larj2:e oaks, gray,.
Showed worlds of wealth, to him unknown.
On this my father built a hut —
A preface to Canadian life —
In which, when finished, he could put
His children, self and faithful wife.
With small, straight logs the walls were made —
The gables same ; all well notched down —
With basswood troughs the roof was laid,
Alternately, turn'd upside down.
With split bass logs, he laid the floor —
Hewed smooth and jointed with his axe —
With two rough boards he made the door —
With moss and mud he stopped the cracks.
Beside the door, a window placed —
A six-light sash, just seven by nine —
Th' opposite wall another graced
Of the same size, and square in line.
THE LOG SHANTY.
A chimney built with straight split sticks,
And plastered well with clay and straw ;
No jambs were built; there were no bricks,
Nor cash to buy, nor roads to draw.
The floor above, with rough boards tight.
Had made a loft, the chamber over.
In which we, children, slept at night.
On ticks of chaff with feather cover.
In winter time, the snow would sift,
And sprinkle well the chamber over ;
But it without might blow and drift,'
We slept secure beneath our cover.
Of good flat stones, the hearth was laid —
Full eight feet long at least, and longer —
The logs cut out, the back wall made —
Built up substantially, and stronger.
To reach the loft, a ladder stands
Perpendicular in the comer —
Secure from winter's frost and snow —
From bears and wolves, then prowling round —
A Home, that wealth could not bestow —
Content and Happiness we found.
Joseph Gould.
In such a. log shanty Joseph Gould was born; and in such
his father and mother and brothers and sisters dwelt for a quarter
of a century, until its place was supplied by Joseph with a new
frame house, the work of his own hands, built for their better
accommodation.
Jonathan Gold, the father, and Bachel, the mother, lived the
remainder of their days in the house built by their dutiful son^ on
the old homestead. The building is still standing (in part), rebuilt ;
very much added to, and the old homestead and farm owned by Mr.
Joseph Gould's youngest son, Mr. Harvey J. Gould. Jonathan died
30 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
27th October, 1850, and his aged wife, Eachel, oh the 5th of the
same month, eight years afterwards. The remains of both are
interred, side by side, in the lonely little Friends* burial-ground^
on the top of Quaker Hill —
Where heaves the turf in many a mouldering heap.
Each in his narrow cell for ever laid,
The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep.
There were ten children issue of the marriage of Jonathan and
Eachel; the names of the latter, according to priority of birth,
were : —
Annie, born 80th August, 1806. She married Mark Shell, and
died some thirty years ago, leaving a numerous family.
Ruth, born 1807, married Joseph Collins, of the township of
Whitchurch. Both died several years ago, leaving one son surviv-
ing them, J. J. Collins, of St. Catharines.
Joseph, born 29th December, 1808, died 29th June, 1886.
Margaret, born September 19th, 1810, died December 15th, 1812,
Joel, born March 8rd, 1812, died April 4th, 1859; left two
children, a son and daughter; the latter only survives. The
widow is still living.
Daniel Lee, born 26th November, 1818, died 27th June, 1851.
He was twice married. First to Amy and afterwards to Jane, her
sister, daughters of William Hilborn. He leaves issue, by the first
wife five children, and the second wife, one child. All are residing
in the States.
Jessie, bom October 9th, 1815; still living, and resides near
Thornbury, county of Grey.
Sarah, born 27th November, 1817; married George Hilborn;
still living, and resides at St. Thomas, county of Elgin.
John (who died an infant), born 1820.
John Lee, born October 19th, 1822 ; still living, and residing in
Dakota, U. S.
Of the three children of the first marriage of Jonathan with
FAMILY OF JONATHAN GOLD. 31
Anna Hilborn, the youngest, Abigail, died an infant. Hannah, the
second, died in 1817, aged sixteen years. The eldest boy, Isaiah
Gold, born 7th June, 1800, left the parental roof about the time of
the death of his sister Hannah, to seek his fortune amongst his
relatives in Ohio. Correspondence was kept up with him until
1850, when all letters from him ceased, and since which time noth-
ing has been heard of him by his Canadian relatives.
The log cabin verses have been taken out of their proper order,
as to the date of their production. But they seemed to fit in more
appropriately where they are placed than auywhere else in these
pages. And what more accurate or interesting description could
there be given of the mode of building the old Canadian log cabin
of the early settlers ? Snug and comfortable, withal, were those
old-time shanties ; and the first years of hard probation over, after
smiling pl«fnty had blessed the toil of the pioneer, the wayfarer
might easily find worse halting-places. There was always an abund-
ant table, and hospitable welcome was everywhere the rule in the
good old time of the log shanties. And what roaring fires warmed
and cheered them of a winter's night ! Here is how they made
them : —
" To get the firewood into the house, we would take a horse, hitch
on to, and draw the logs into the house. Then we would pile a tier
of them one on top of the other, with three huge back logs ; and
by such fires, on winter evenings, I listened attentively and with the
most exciting interest to many thrilling stories of the past. It was
by the light of such a fire that, as a boy, I was taught my letters
by my dear mother, and it was she who also, thus early, first instilled
into my youthful mind that profound reverence for the Holy Scrip-
tures which through all my life I humbly hope I have retained."
CHAPTEE IV.
^ode of clearing the land — Wasteful burning of valuable timber— Crops— Mode of har-
vesting — ** Raisings" and ** logging-bees" — "Exchanging work" — "Tooting the
horn " — Lost in the woods— Code of signals— Tattoo— Bears and wolves — Hairbreadth
escapes— Women and children devoured — Cattle, sheep and hogs carried off— Hunting
and trapping wild animals— Tragic story of Corporal Crawford and his family-
Devoured ;by ttie wolves.
THE Pennsylvanian people coming into Canada had been in the
habit, of grubbing their land with a mattock. This implement
'^ad an a^e at one end and a hoe at the other. They w(S|pld cut the
underbrush down and pile it up in small heaps ; then they would
,cut down ;the ,Qak and other large trees. They next cut the bodies
.of the trees i^to logs ; took the tops and chopped them up fine, and
piled them up in separate heaps. Next they set fire to the brush
and burned i^p the heaps. In this way, it would take a good hand
tfrom eight to ten days to chop an acre. Then it would take five
men and a yo]^e of oxen a day to clear up from one-half to an acre,
logging ; and it would take a man a day or two to pick up the
chunks of wood and do the burning of the logs. " I once saw a fallow
cut so that U3i felling the trees they would be felled in windrows, and
.about the length of a tree between them. But it did not work well.
I undertook to improve on this mode, just so that the tops of one
would fall oyer rthe tops of the other ; then I would lop them down
;and, if there were any trees standing at the side that would fall
•with their tops into the first ones, I would fell them also, and finally
I would roll all tha old logs into those, and in this way, on our first
ftrial, with fou;: o^ ;i;s, we could chop one acre every day'* — say&
Mr. Goul^..
CLEARING AND HARVESTING. 33
In clearing the land little regard appears to have been paid to
the value of the magnificent timber, which everywhere grew so
abundantly. Vast forests of the finest pine and oak were ruthlessly
felled and given to the flames, without a thought of the value of
the sacrifice. The splendid trees were looked upon as an incum-
brance upon the face of the earth, and a hindrance to the
cultivation of the soil. The one grand object appeared to be to
get rid of the growth of the forest anyhow, no matter by what
destructive means, in order to speedily secure clearings for crops.
And good crops they got in those days from the virgin soil.
About the 10th of September was the time selected for sowing
wheat. It was harrowed over with a " three-cornered drag '* and
oxen. Good crops were the invariable result.
The mode of harvesting, we are informed, was to cut down the
grain with an American sickle. This was part of women's as well
as men's work. All, male and female, young and old, turned out
to help at haying and through harvest-time. In old cleared fallows
the wheat was sown in "lands" or ridges. The best reaper was
selected to take the lead ; the others started about a stroke of the
sickle, each, behind and followed each other in rotation. It was
part of the duty of the foreman to go back after the reapers, and
see that each had laid his or her sheaf down evenly, so that there
, would be no trouble in binding. Oats were mostly cut with a
hand-cradle ; in lodged places the sickle was used. The threshing
was done either by hand-flails, or on the bam floor by driving
oxen or horses over the grain until threshed. The meadows were
all cut with a scythe, and raked up by hand, and pitched on with
s, hand-fork. No steam, nor yet horse-power threshing machines,
nor self-loaders or unloaders in those days. But, in time, the flail
was driven out by the horse-power, and that in turn gave way to
the steam thresher, while the reaper and mower, and the self-
binder have taken the place of the scythe and sickle, and of the
^/leader" and the rows of men and women reapers who followed
after him in the grain field.
84 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
It was the custom of the early settlers to come together and
help one another at all "raisings" and "logging-bees." They
also " exchanged work," one neighbour with another in a friendly
way during haying and harvest-time. Those living at a distance,
and who would be returning home late, carried horns. These
horns they blew^ in case they got lost in the woods (which was
frequently the case), to arouse attention to their position. The
horns were generally made of tin, and could be heard a distance of
three or four miles. Mr. Gould tells us that his mother had a
sea-shell, .which was used as a substitute for the horn, and it could
be heard at a distance of five miles, on a calm night. Guns were
also fired off for the same purpose, and a regular code of signals
had been established and well understood. Those who beard the
first alarm fired an answering signal, or tooted on the horn, and
others responsively followed as soon as the nearest answering
sound reached them. When safety was reached by the lost one, a
general "tattoo" was sounded which made known the fact, and
the search and the " music of the woods " discontinued at the
same time. Failure of a member of the family to reach home
after nightfall caused the alarm to be sounded. Nor were the
precautions and pre-concerted signals for search unnecessary.
Bears and wolves, and wolverines, were then plentiful in the new
settlements, and, in severe seasons, were bold as well as numerous.
To have to remain a night in the woods was a dangerous experience
for the belated traveller who had lost his way. Stories almost
innumerable are told of persons who were safely directed homeward
by the tooting of the horn, and of the hair-breadth escapes of
others, who were obliged to spend a cold night in the woods, and
take up their lodging in the branch of a tree out of harm's way*
Mr. Gould heard many instances. in his childhood of women and
children having been devoured by wolves, and of solitary settlers
escaping from the ferocious animals by taking refuge in a tree,
while a pack of twenty kept howling and snapping at him until
BEARS AND WOLVES. 35
daylight brought relief. He remembers that when quite a lad one
of his father's hogs was killed by a bear, and that it was in the
daytime and close by the house. That season, he tells us, the
bears were so thick that not a day passed over without some
neighbour having a cow, or a calf, or sheep, or hogs killed by the
bears. So serious were the depredations of those animals that
tljie whole settlement turned out, with dogs and guns, to hunt
them; traps were also set, and deadfalls, and other devices resorted
to to destroy them, and very great was the slaughter amongst the
family of bruin. Other fur-bearing animals were also plentiful at
that time in Uxbridge, and mink, foxes, marten, otter and musk-
rat, and some beaver are mentioned as having been shot and
trapped by him during his boyhood. Of the stories told at the
cabin fireside of a winter's night of the depredations of the wolves,
the following is amongst the saddest and most thrilling : —
On the removal of the seat of Government from Niagara to
York, in 1796, amongst those who followed in its wake were Cor-
poral Crawford, his wife and two children. He was a discharged
soldier, having left the British army a short time previously, on
account of the loss of an eye, through an accident. He was a very
fine-looking man, athletic and well proportioned, and standing over
six feet in height. His wife, Mary, whom Crawford had married
six months before, was the widow of a deceased soldier, and her
two children, a girl and a boy, four and six years of age, respec-
tively, were by the first husband. She was a tidy, clever, hearty
young Irishwoman of five-and-twenty ; Crawford, who was about
ten years her senior, was a Scotchman. He was much given to
hunting and fishing, spent a good deal of his time in the woods,
and was a most successful sportsman. Although he was privileged
to take up 400 acres of land, and might have done so almost
anywhere in the front along the Lake shore at the time, he was
careless about selecting his location. In company with a friendly
young Indian of the Mississagua tribe, for whom he had done some
36 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
friendly office, and who was very much attached to him, Crawford
spent days and weeks camping in the woods, and trapping fur-
bearing animals, which were then so numerous in the unbroken
forest. In one of those excursions, the soldier was taken to a
^^ beaver meadow," on the borders of a little stream flowing into
Lake Simcoe (supposed to be somewhere near the site of the
present village of Beaverton), where the game was very abundant.
There were many delightful spots on the margin of the lake, look-
ing out over the tranquil waters, and to one of these Crawford was
specially attracted, and had determined upon making it his home.
He managed to build a hut, and made a little clearing, and to this
spot, with the help of the friendly Indian, the wife and children
were removed in the early spring. The wife was charmed with the
beauty of the place and its surroundings ; and if the hut was small
it was well provided. Venison was plentiful and could be had
almost anywhere in the woods with little trouble, and the most
delicious flsh might be taken at pleasure from the stream and lake.
Wild strawberries and raspberries also grew in great abundance
about the place. The wife was soon able to mailage a canoe and
paddle over the Vaters of the lake with the delighted children-.
Summer and fall passed over joyously for the contented little
family in the woods. There was an early snow-fall, and with this
intimation of the coming winter, the wife wished to be nearer the
settlement at York. She had an additional reason for this, being
near her confinement. The Indians were, however, very friendly,
and the Indian trail from their village (now Orillia), to Lake
Ontario, led by the hut. Their departure was delayed ; the wife
was suddenly overtaken in her confinement ; her illness brought
her to death's door, and her life would be endangered by any
attempt at removal. Winter in all its severity came on apace,
and this year, much earlier than usual. The husband exhausted
all his ingenuity and resources in providing for the wants of his
family. Indeed from the ample means at command, he had no
difficulty in laying in stores of food and procuring firewood — bread,
ATTACKEli BY WOLVES — TRAGIC STORY. 37
and flour to make it with, was the one great deficiency, and the
little stock on hand was supplemented by large gatherings of nuts.
The mother and infant grew stronger. But by this time the snow
was so deep that a journey through the forest, for the woman and
young children, was out of the question.
That winter was one of unusual severity. Towards its close,
the howling of the starving wolves was incessant throughout the
night, and filled the poor woman and children with terror. Craw-
ford had his gun, but only a scant supply of ammunition. He was
in the habit of making short excursions, in order to get supplies of
fresh venison, which he was always able to fetch to the hut before
night to the expectant family. From one of these — ^the last in this
tragic story — he did not return as usual. Night came on, and the
uneasiness of the wife grew to alarm at the husband's absence.
She " tooted the horn '* again and again, but there was no answer-
ing response. Solitary wolves were seen prowling about the hut
when the affrighted wife looked out at the door and "tooted" in
the blinding snow storm which came on. This it became unsafe
for her to do any longer, so the door of the hut was kept shut and
barred. Par into the night, the howling of the pack, at first
distant, came nearer and nearer to the hut ; the watching woman
heard a rush past, and believing that her husband was pursued, in
her fond eagerness to give him succour opened the door. Fatal
step ! The ferocious brutes rushed in, tumbling over each other in
their bloody eagerness ; the woman, with her infant in her arms,
was knocked down, and the savage animals fought and tore each
other in glutting on their defenceless prey. A child's crib,
clumsily made of heavy timber, was overturned in the dreadful
onslaught, and covered up in it was the little girl, the oldest of the
children. She was completely hidden by the overturned crib, and,
rendered unconscious by fright, never moved. Daylight broke in
upon this horrible scene in the woods when Crawford arrived, to see
the wolves, some of them with bloody jaws, slinking away from his
wretched cabin. He had followed too far after a buck which he
38 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
had wounded, and on his return home night had fallen, the snow-
storm had come on, and pursued by a hungry pack which had got on
the trail of the wounded deer, he had taken refuge in a tree. This
was scarcely a mile distant from his home. While in this place of
safety, the wolves, which were howling and jumping at the foot of
the tree, suddenly followed in pursuit of the buck, which unluckily
had taken a course that led towards^the hut. Crawford could tell
from the savage howling which arose above the storm that some-
thing terrible was going on in that direction. With the first
streak of daylight he made his way for home, where, frantic and
heartbroken in his agony, he encountered the tragic scene
described.
Turning up the crib, the little girl was found, unhurt. Some
bloody tresses of his poor wife's hair, some fragments of clothing
and the half-devoured carcass of a wolf were all that was left to
shew the dreadful havoc that had taken place over the bodies of
the defenceless woman and two younger children. Immediately
outside the door of the hut were found the antlers of the deer, from
which it was conjectured that the hunted animal ran towards the
light when the door was opened by Mrs. Crawford.
Corporal Crawford never again returned to civilized life. The
events of that dreadful night completely unhinged his mind.
Through his friendly Indian companion, he was adopted by the
Mississaguas, who regarded his infirmity of mind as an additional
reason for their protection. The little girl, whose life was so mir-
aculously preserved from the ravening jaws of the wolves, was
returned to relatives of her mother on the American side, and was
afterwards lost sight of in the march of events and settlement.
Joseph Gould lived to see a thriving village grow up on the spot
to which the foregoing story relates, and to see a populous, well
settled county, with railways and telegraphs, and all the adjuncts
of advanced civilization take the place of the dense forest which
sheltered the wolves;
CHAPTEE V.
Want of edueational facilities — ^First school — Delight at first reading lesson — ^Extent of
schooling — Studies by the log fire — Put to work— Handy at the axe— Soon able to do
a man*8 work— Chopping and clearing — Connection with the Hilbom family.
OF the educational facilities of those days, or rather the want of
them, we have the following interestiug details : —
*' Until I was about ten years old, there was no school in the
township; nor was there any nigher than the Quaker schoolhouse
on Yonge Street, about twenty miles west of our place. In 1817
or '18, a log schoolhouse was built on the north-west corner of lot
31, in the 6th concession^ A little Irishman [he does not give his
name] was employed to teach the school. But the teacher was
like the house, a very poor one. I had been taught the alphabet
by my mother, before I went to this school, and was able to spell
and read a little. I shall never forget the delight it gave me to be
able to spell and comprehend a short reading lesson — an interesting
little anecdote. The people wjere all poor, and poor as was the
school, they could only keep it open for three or four months
during the winter season. I got a smattering of the three R*s
there, and such was the extent of my schooling."
Young Gould, however, studied all he could at home and —
Read his book by chimney nook
in the evenings, by the light of the cheerful blaze of the heaped-up
log fire, and was further encouraged and helped on by his kindly,
good Quaker mother, Eachel Lee. But his father was working hard
on the clearing, in trying to convert it into a farm, and the boy's
40 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
help, young as he was, was needed. Young Joseph was strong
and hardy; he was fond of chopping, and became quite
handy in the use of the axe. "I took great delight," he says, " in
a good axe and in keeping it in good order." And further on —
"I was the oldest son that was at home, my elder brother Isaiah
having gone away to the west. That was another reason for my
being anxious to make myself useful, and I was soon able to do a
man's work. Before I was seventeen, I was able to chop acres after
acres — in four days to the acre — fit for the logging. I have known
many of our old jobbers clearing land, to chop and clear large
fallows, at an average of ten days to the acre. Ten dollars- an acre
used to be the average ruling price for chopping, clearing and fenc-
ing an acre of land fit for the harrow."
He "tells us that he paid for his first pair of boots by cutting
seven cords of wood, and laughs over his disappointment that on
taking them home, and tugging and pulling at them for an hour
to get them on, he found that one was a number seven and the
other a number nine !
The Gould connection with the Hilborn family, their near neigh-
bours, stood in this relation: — Jonathan married Anna, the daughter
of Thomas Hilborn, his first wife, as already related. William Gold^
Jonathan's brother, married Eachel Hilborn, another daughter,
and Sarah Gold, their sister, married John Hilborn, a son of Thomaa
Hilborn. So that Joseph Gould's father and uncle and aunt all
married Hilborns. In the next generation, Joseph Gould's sister,
Sarah, married a Hilborn, and his brother Daniel L., married two
Hilborns for his first and second wives. Through the Hilborns the
Gould family connection extends to the Hambleton family. Mr.
Eli H. Hilborn, who occupies such a leading position in Grange
matters, is now the most prominent member of the Hilborn family
in Uxbridge.
CHAPTER VI.
Effects of the War of 1812— Immigration checked— The Alien Act— Disheartened American
citizens return to the States — Confiscations— Gloomy outlook— Progress— Social ties
taking root— Joseph Gould as a young man— Character^Books — Frame buildings —
Decides upon being a carpenter — Arrangement with his father — Engagement with a
' master — Reflections on the step taken — Proficiency — Unhealthy season— Taken down
with fever.
THE War of 1812-14 completely checked all emigration from the
United States ; there was very little from Great Britain and
Ireland, or from European countries, and settlement appeared to be
at a stand-still. Worse than that, instead of Canadian progress
through immigration, the movement appeared to be in the other
direction. On the breaking out of the war, many American settlers,
who refused to take the oath of allegiance or bear arms against the
United States, were at this stormy time imprisoned, and numbers
of others went back to the States rather than renounce their citizen-
ship, leaving large farms of excellent land behind them. Much of
this land was confiscated, and sold under what is known as the
Alien Act, creating widespread discontent and causing much fierce
agitation for many years afterwards.
The outlook was a gloomy one for the hardy pioneers from Penn-
sylvania. They were disappointed in the country; they were dis-
satisfied with their position; they were despondent, and they
believed there were grounds for alarm and apprehension as to their
future prospects. Still they held on. They worked and toiled
bravely, and although discouraged, they were not disheartened.
Much progress had been made notwithstanding all drawbacks. The
dense woods were year by year giving place to enlarged clearings j
42 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
roads were being made through the "bush," and better facilities for
travelling to mill and market provided. The pioneers saw their
children growing up around them, and becoming a help instead of
being an incumbrance. There were wooings and marryings and
merrymakings amongst themselves, and socialrelations and interests
-established, which, in a way, rooted them to the soil, and after a
while these influences had their share in removing from their minds
all inclination for change. During this period of toil and trial and
uncertainty, Joseph Gould found himself rapidly advancing to man's
estate. His was a well knit, well developed frame, about five feet
ten inches in height ; he had a clear strong gray eye, fair complex-
ion, and was considered a rather good-looking young fellow. With
the fair sex he was a decided favourite, and we have more than
family tradition in support of the statement of his youthful conquests
and susceptibilities. His character was ardent and impulsive, and
he was of a generous and adventurous nature. Amongst the books
which then came in his way — and he tells us that he read every-
thing he could lay his hands on in the shape of a book — were. The
American History of the Early Settlement of each State; History
of the Eevolutionary War; History of England, and Blackstone's
Commentaries. Those books, he says, "I read and re-read care-
fully, for I had none other for a long time afterwards." And there
is little doubt but that such reading must have largely aided in
enlightening his understanding and in enlarging his views of men
and things, and in prompting the inward stirrings of his nature to
the achievement of something better in life than the daily drudgery
of a backwoodsman.
Meanwhile, although immigration was almost at a stand-still,
and the growth of population was but slowly advancing, the old
log shanties and cob-roofed barns were beginning to give place to
a better class of farm buildings. Frame buildings were erected
wherever the settlers were able to do so, and young Joseph did not
fail to observe that there was a brisk demand for carpenters. He
CHOOSES THE TRADE OF A CARPENTER. . 43
had made up his mind to learn the trade of a carpenter — he was
ihen in his nineteenth year-^and here is his account of how he
went about it : —
" The necessity for new buildings was everywhere visible. My
father's house and barn, like most of his neighbours, were about
done, and required to be replaced by new ones. I, therefore,
proposed to him to let me go for two years to learn the carpenter
trade — promising to build him a new frame house and barn for the
two years of time I had yet to serve him before I was of age. This
he consented to. Accordingly, I engaged myself to Jared Irwin, a
<3arpenter of Yonge Street, in the township of King. I spent one
summer with him, for which he paid me three and one-third dollars
per month. Small though the amoimt of wages was, I have always
<5on8idered that the insight which I got that summer into the
carpenter trade was worth more to me than any other thing I could
have done, as it gave a different bent to my mind, and a new
stimulus to my ambition. Hitherto I had lived in the woods
exclusively, with little education, and no current reading matter. ,
There was not a post-office within twenty miles of me ; and as to
newspapers, up to that time I had never seen one ; so that I was
perfectly oblivious of what was going on in the world. During the
four months that I worked for Jared Irwin, four of us framed and
finished a number of large barns and two houses. With Irwin I
also got a knowledge of the sawmill business, as my master
had a sawmill, and I had to assist in repairing and working it
•occasionally. This knowledge did me good service afterwards,
when I bought the Uxbridge sawmill property. The season that
I was with Irwin learning the trade was very imhealthy. A great
4eal of low fever prevailed. Irwin was taken down with typhoid
fever, and I had to wait upon him part of the time. Having gone
io assist my father in the harvest field, I was also taken down with
the same kind of fever, and was very ill. Ezekiel James, our near
neighbour, was also taken very ill at the same time. He sent to
44 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Newmarket for Dr. Thompson. The doctor also visited me, and by
his treatment we both got well." It was during this illness that a
startling and cruel murder took place, which excited not only
the indignation of the people of the new settlement, but of the
whole Province, and of those beyond its boundaries who read the
particulars, which are detailed in the next chapter. The Provincial
Government offered a reward of $400 for the apprehension of the
murderer.
CHAPTEE VII.
The story of the murder of Isaac James— Remarkable dream of his mother— The mur-
derer tracked— His arrest and execution— Yankee ** 'cuteness " in getting the reward.
THE sad story of the cruel murder of young Isaac James, which
occurred at this time, is narrated as follows by Mr. Gould : —
It so turned out that Ezekiel James had hired a man by the
name of Christie, who called himself an Irishman, to help him
through with the harvest. This was in 1828. Mr. James had
agreed, as part of the compensation, to move Christie and his wife
and two children to York, now in the city of Toronto, at the end of
the season. Mr. James was very fond of good horses, and had a
very fine span of dappled-grey mares. They had black manes and
tales, and were the admiration of the whole country round about.
He was very proud of them, and always drove them himself. Ju^t
at the time that he was to take Christie to Tork, Ezekiel James
was taken down with the sickness, and his eldest son, Isaac, had to
take his place, and drive the team. His father had not hitherto
allowed him to drive the young mares, but there was no alternative,
and he had to let them go. Young Isaac James was a fine young
fellow of eighteen, of a most amiable disposition, and much beloved
by all who knew him. The mares were hitched to a light double-
waggon, with hoops bent over the box, and a canvas cover over all.
Into this Christie, his wife and children, bed and traps were taken.
Yoimg James, who had never made the journey alone before,
received from his mother and sick father all proper advice and
direction, and started upon what was then looked upon as a very
long journey, going to and returning from York. It took four days'
46 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
travel. The only way to get from Uxbridge to York in those days
was by way of Newmarket and Tonge Street. Between Uxbridge
and Newmarket there were twelve miles of solid " bush," with the
road merely brushed out around the trees. It was the lonesomest
part of the way.
As young James's return was not looked for until after the
fourth day, his absence up to that time would have caused no
uneasiness, were it not for a dream which greatly troubled his
mother. The night of the day on which he left home, she dreamt
that she saw her son wounded, and bruised, and bloody, and groan-
ing in pain and agony. She awoke, greatly excited and alarmed.
She was by no means a superstitious woman, nor were any of the
staid James, Quaker-family that way disposed. She slept again,
and the dream was so vividly repeated that she was terribly troubled*
She got out of bed, being unable to rest any longer, and alarmed
the whole household, telling them the dream that came to her, and
of its vivid repetition. She wanted to set out at once and follow
her son. This, however, she was prevented doing, as her husband
was very sick. The next day, and the next, she was anxious to fol-
low and make enquiries on the road, but Mr. James would not
consent until after the fourth night, when the son was expected
home. He did not arrive as expected. The alarm was given to the
neighbours, who had meanwhile been told the story of the anxious
mother's dreams and fears. Early on the fifth day, she took with
her her son John, a lad of fifteen ; two horses were procured and
saddled, and Mrs. James, who was noted for her good riding,
impatiently led the way through the bush, taking the road to New-
market. They looked carefully into every thicket and swamp at
both sides of the road as they passed along, without, however,
finding any traces to excite suspicion. At one point, when within
about a mile of being through the twelve miles of woods, the horses
became frightened. They sniffed and snorted, and shied oflf as
they passed a log-heap beside the road track. This was not much
STORY OF THE MURDER OF ISAAC JAMES. 47
minded at the moment, as it was thought that some small animal
might be in hiding in the log-heap. They pressed forward until
they reached her brother, Isaac Lundy's, at Whitchurch, where she
expected to find some tidings of her son and the team. There was
none; the team had not been seen passing. Mr. Lundy, taking
the alarm, immediately went along Tonge Street to a blacksmith's
shop where the horses had been frequently shod, to make' enquiries.
The blacksmith told him that he had seen the team pass his shop
on the day they had left home; that a strange man was driving,
and a woman and a child or two with him, but that he had seen
nothing of Isaac. This information being circulated alarmed the
whole neighbourhood. It was then late, and nothing could be done
before next day. Mrs. James stayed that night at her brother's.
Her mind was very much agitated, and she could not sleep, and it
was while lying down in this condition, trying to compose herself
to rest, that she heard a voice in her room saying very distinctly
three times — "In the woods !" — "In the woods !" — "In the woods!"
She was so startled that she immediately got up and called her
brother. She told him what she had heard, and she persisted in
the statement that hef son was murdered in the woods. Mr.
Lundy tried to pacify her, but finally yielded to her entreaties to
search the woods. He accordingly went himself, and sent men on
horseback to alarm the settlers in Whitchurch and East Gwillim-
bury to turn out and search the woods, on both sides of the road,
for a distance of forty rods; and a man was sent to Uxbridge to
warn the settlers there to turn out and search in the same way,
from the Uxbridge side, until both parties met. Next day the
search began — Mrs. James still remaining at her brother's. She
led the Whitchurch party. They had proceeded only a little beyond
a mile in the woods, when Mrs. James, pointing to a log-heap on
the right-hand side of the road, told the party to "Search there."
This was the spot where the horses had shied on her journey for-
ward. The search had not proceeded far when the body of the
48 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
missing Isaac was discovered. He had been shot through the head,
and pounded with the gun in the hands of the murderer. The
pieces of the broken gun had been found as evidence of this. It was
also plain that the shot had not been fatal, and that the poor
victim must have lived for some days after being left for dead, for
he had scratched up the leaves and dirt for some distance from
where he lay, and he had evidently dragged himself some distance
from where he had been shot. The scene presented was heart-
rending in the extreme — of the fond mother lamenting over the
disfigured body of her foully-murdered boy.
An inquest was held, and a verdict of wilful niurder returned
against Christie. And the Government of Upper Canada issued a
proclamation offering a reward of $400 for his arrest. Meanwhile,
the murderer got away with the horses and waggon. He avoided
the town of York and the public roads, and succeeded in getting
around the head of Lake Ontario, and crossing into the State of
New York, stopping at Troy. In those days, before the era of rail-
ways and telegraphs, it was not very difficult for criminals to get
away by crossing into the States, where it would be afterwards very
hard to trace them. ^
The shocking circumstances attending the commission of the
crime and the reward offered by the Government in this case, stimu-
lated many to action, who rushed in every direction in pursuit of
the murderer. William Eeid, of Sharon, a high-spirited young
fellow, was amongst the foremost. Enquiries at Hamilton first
placed him on the track, which he had no difficulty in following up,
on account of the remarkable appearance of the team of dappled-
greys. He travelled rapidly on horsebapk until he reached Troy,
distributing along the route taken by him printed copies of the pro-
clamation offering the reward and containing a description of the
murderer and of the team. He posted up a copy in a bar-room at
Troy, and there related the circumstances of the murder to an eager
crowd present. Amongst those present, he noticed particularly one
ABI^EST OF THE MURDERER. 49
young man, carefully reading the document, and who asked him for
** a copy of the hand-bill," saying, *' he wq,s going into the country,
and would stick it up." He got one, and started for a farm, about
three miles outside the city, where he had seen a team and a man
answering the description, at work in a cornfield earlier in the day.
On the strength of this, he arrested Christie, without resistance,
and brought him into Troy. This man's name was Brown, a 'cute
Yankee. He refused to give up the prisoner to the Canadian, who
had the warrant, stating that he would deliver him to the Canadian
authorities himself, which he did, and got the reward. In less than
a week from his arrest, Christie was lodged in the gaol of York, and
as the court was sitting at' the time, he was immediately placed on
trial. He made a full confession of his guilt, and was hanged.
From the confession, it would appear that the murder of Isaac
James must have taken place within four or five hours after he had
left home. Christie, who had carried a shot-gun, was going on
before the team, on foot. When they had got within nearly the last
mile of being through the woods, between Uxbridge and Newmarket,
Christie stopped, and told Isaac that he had got a ground-hog under
a log-heap. He asked Isaac to punch it out with a stick, while he
(Cliristie) shot it. And as poor Isaac, all unconscious of harm,
stooped to look under the log, Christie raised the gun and shot him
in the head. As the shot did not kill his victim outright, the
murdering villain beat the poor youth over the head with the stock
of the gun, destroying the breach and breaking the weapon to
pieces, as was seen afterwards when the body was found. It was to
a sister of this young man that Joseph Gould was subsequently
married. As might be expected, the sad story of the murder is a
prominent one amongst the family records, and has been handed
down to their children and children's children.
CHAPTEE VIII.
Illness— Recovery— Working at the trade- Builds a house and bam for his father— Other
jobs— Again ill— The ** Fungus " trouble— The ** great misfortune of his life "—Treat-
ment— Dr. Widmer— The darkened consulting room— Fright and horror— Skeleton of
Christie, the murderer—** Quacks and fools "—Dr. Widmer's opinion— Treatment—
Dr. Givins— Cause of the fungus —Detained in York^hree months for treatment — No
permanent dure.
ME. GOULD did not recover readily from the fever ; the typhoid
gave way to fever and ague, and that in turn to fever and
dumb ague. He was so prostrated that he had to remain home at
his father's that winter and all the next summer. He did not
return to Irwin. In the fall following he worked for a short time
with a Mr. Lewis, of Yorige Street, at the joiner trade. The ensuing
spring he took up the trade of carpenter on his own account. And
although, as he tells us, he had only devoted one regular season
to acquiring a knowledge of the handicraft, he .had already gained
the reputation of being a skilful artisan. One of his first jobs
was the building of thS promised house and barn for his father.
The building of other houses and barns followed in quick succession,
and plenty of orders awaited his acceptance. But in the midst of
his career as a thriving young tradesman — or rather at the outset
of it — ^he was again overtaken by sickness. This time the trouble
was- a " fungus " growing out of the left nostril. Speaking of this
as the " great misfortune of his life," he has left the following inter-
esting particulars : —
About this time (1880), I had the misfortune to have a fungus
grow out of the left nostril. It was judged at first that it was a
THE FUNGUS TKOUBLE. 51
polypus, and was treated as such by a Doctor Beswick. He first
tried to cut it out, and that failing, he next tried to burivit out
with caustic. But as it still continued to grow, he pronounced it
a cancer. Now this was very alarming to me, as a cancer was
considered as good [bad] as a death-warrant. We had no doctor
in Uxbridge, and there was none in any of the adjoining townships
that made any pretence to cure cancer. I therefore, with the
assistance of my father, made arrangements to go to New York, to
an eminent doctor there, to see what could be done. I was also
advised to call upon Dr. Widmer, at York, before going farther.
This I did. When my father and I called the doctor happened to
be out. The housemaid ushered us into a consulting room, which
she had kept darkened to keep out the flies, it being sultry weather.
She set my father a chair and me another. After sitting down I
leant back in my seat, and something that felt bony and uncanny
touched my head and made a rattling noise. As I turned to see
what damage I had done, the girl raised the blind to let in the
light, and behold there, to my horror, was a human skeleton ! It
was hanging right over my head, with the bony fingers dangling in
my hair ! With a bound, I sprang out of the chair, but I knocked
down a pile of skulls near by, which served to increase the horror
of my situation. Just at this moment the doctor came in, and
whilst calming my fears, laughed heartily, as indeed did my father,
at my fright and consternation. The doctor, turning to me, said,
"You should not be afraid 'of your neighbour; he will not hurt
you^ he has done all the harm he will ever do again in your
neighbourhood." Turning to my father, he said, pointing to the
skeleton : " That is Christie who murdered young James ; he was
the strongest, the best proportioned, and most perfect man I ever
dissected in my life." [The body of the murderer had been given
for dissection.]
After examining my nose carefully, and swearing a good deal at
52 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
the "quacks'* and "fools" who had been "butchering" me, he
stated his opinion that there were no cancerous symptoms, but that
no one could tell what it was, in such an inflamed state as it was
then in. He advised me to go home, bathe it in cold water, and
sniff some up the nostril, four or five times a day for three weeks,
and then come to him again. . . . When I went to the doctor's
again, Dr. Widmer and his partner. Dr. Givins, examined the nose
and pronoimced it a fungus growth at the inside of the bridge of
the nose, and that it had resulted from a wound which must have
been at some time inflicted upon that organ, and that the bridge of
the nose must have been broken. ... I told them that the
only time that I could remember of my nose getting hurt was when
I was ten or eleven years old, at a " logging-bee." In helping to
roll a log on the heap, I ran my handspike too far, and the log
falling on one end, the other end flew up, striking me in the face,
knocking me senseless, afid completely flattening the nose. I bled
profusely, and my father had to take me home. The doctor said
that that was the origin of all my trouble. I had to stay in York
some three months for treatment, when I was declared to be cured
and allowed to go home. I was to follow certain treatment, which
I did faithfully, but the wound did not harden and shrink down, as
I was told it would do. On the contrary the substance grew, and
filled up the cavity of the nostril so tightly that from that day to
this I have never been able to draw a natural breath through it.
And through this very impediment, of not being able to breath
through the nostril, I may truthfully say that I owe more of my
troubles in life than to all other first causes combined. In fact, I
think it has brought the principal part of my troubles on me —
being always obliged to talk, read, speak, and br^eathe through the
mouth at the same time.
In the manuscript left behind him Mr. Gould complains at
considerably further length of the trouble caused him by his
"THE GREAT CALAMITY OF HIS LIFE." 53
affliction. He mentions further visits to Dr. Widmer, all resulting
in the assurance that the swelling of the substance in %he nostril
would go down, and that a complete cure would be effected in time.
But no complete cure was ever effected. The trouble in the nostril
continued to the end of his days, and he went down to his grave
still calling it " the great calamity of his life."
CHAPTER IX.
ImpressionB of his first visit to Tork— Wonders how people lived such an idle life—And
how they were able to pay their way — And at the large number who talked politics
and walked the streets — Monice Lawrence's hotel—Learns his A B C in politics —
First access to a newspaper— 1%« Colonial Advocate gives him his first lesson— Opinion
of the Lieutenant-Governor— Of the Executive Council— Of the Legislative Council-
Humorous and sarcastic description — "Black Rod"— The Assembly — Our splendid
country — One-seventh part of the land given away for the support of the clergy of the
Established Church- The list of '* Grievances "—The demand for Responsible Govern-
ment, etc— The popular representatives the best men in the country — Mackenzie,
Baldwin, Rolph, Bidwell, Perry, Randall — The voice of the Assembly ignored —
Agitation for the secularization of the Clergy Reserves — The Governor and Council
opposed to all reform— Preparations for a general election — Public excitement — State
of affairs in 1830— Reads and hears both sides— Makes a deliberate choice — The prin-
ciples of the Reform Party the best for the country— Reasons for that conclusion —
From that time out a Reformerr
IT was in the summer of 1830 that Mr. Gould first placed himself
under Dr. Widmer's treatment. He was then just twenty-one
years old. Giving his impressions of this, his first visit to Tork,
or indeed to a town of any size, he say^ : —
Having lived all my lifetime in the woods, except the four
months that I had been learning the trade with Irwin, and the
short time that I was with Lewis the joiner, my sojourn at York
(then a town of three or four thousand inhabitants), was to me a
most wonderful and bewildering experience. A new world seemed
opening out before me, the contemplation of which brought me
some strange impressions. The inhabitants were mostly well
dressed, and, as appeared to me, had very little, if anything, to do.
Yet they bought liberally at the market, and lived sumptuously.
But how they got the means to live I could not understand. A
large number seemed to employ their time in talking politics and
HIS A B C IN POLITICS. o5
walking the streets. I boarded and lodged with Monice JJawrence,
who kept a hotel on the- east side of the Market square, and my
room overlooked the market. At first, for a few weeks, I was
obliged to keep my room, and keep out of the air and sun. And
here it was that I may say I learned my A B C's in politics —
this being the first time that I had ever had free access to a news-
paper. I made the most of my time reading the newspapers that
came to tl^e house — ^the principal one being the Colonial Advocate^
published by William Lyon Mackenzie.' It was chock-full of
politics and of the grievances of the time. From that paper I got
my first lesson in politics. I was a young man, entirely unbiassed,
and profoundly ignorant of the world, and of governments, and
laws, and politics. Here was a new field opened to my view like a
panorama — all the public characters of the day standing out in
bold relief. Here, first to be seen, was the Lieutenant-Governor,
a mere figurehead, surrounded by six placemen, called Executive
Councillors, who held the Governor as a mere puppet in their
hands to do their will. These were appointed by the Crown during
pleasure, and were not responsible to any other body. They
received large pay and salaries for their services, and had sinecures
that made them quite independent of the popular will. Their duty
was to advise the Governor on all matters pertaining to the
Oovernment, and to recommend candidates to office. Below them
fiat an assembly — ^mostly of old men — some lame, some halt, some
nearly blind, and some quite deaf. Those men had a chairman, or
speaker, to preside over them — mounted upon a high chair, called
a throne, with a table in front of him. A clerk sat at the table to
record the proceedings, and before him on the table was laid the
mace, representing a brass crown ; and at the other end of the
room stood a little black-haired, black-eyed man in black.coat and
black knee-breeches, and black silk stockings and pumps. The
duty of the latter was to carry the brass crown before the speaker
when he. left the chair, and to summon the chamber below when
56 THE LIFE Al^D TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
required by the Governor. On these latter occasions, he carried &
little black rod in his htod to rap at the door of the other chamber
with, and from this was called " Black Eod." The men composing
this chamber were called the Legislative Coimcil. They were
appointed by the Crown for life, and were not responsible to any
man or set of men for anything they should do, and could only he
impeached for cause. They had the P9wer of supervision over all
legislation; ^
Immediately below them again sat a much larger assembly of
men, much younger, and much more active and earnest, and
zealous in the discharge of their duties. These men were from
the country, and country towns, elected by the free franchise of the
people ; and their duty was to make and amend the laws, in
accordance with the well understood wishes of the people.
Such is the record left by Mr. Gould of the first impressions
made upon his mind as an untutored young backwoodsman, on his
first visit to the seat of Government. His first political lessons
from the Advocate, it is apparent, were not calculated to inspire
him with much reverence for the men who had the control of
Government without any responsibility to the people.
Later on, he continues his reflections : —
In the background, we had presented one of the finest countries
in the world. The largest lakes, the largest rivers, the best land
and the finest timber were all ours. But with one- seventh part of
this land already given away to support a Protestant clergy, and
claimed and held by the then Established Church — the Church of
England — ^whose members in this country did not represent one-
twentieth part of- the population — small wonder there were com-
plaints of injustice. Yet this was but one of the grievances in the
picture drawn by the Advocate.
Farther on, drawing his inspiration from the Advocate, no doubt^
he adds : —
The following are a portion of those questions termed " griev-
MACKENZIE'S DEMANDS. 57
ances," that the country was labouring under at the time, and
which Mackenzie was demanding that the House and the country
should settle at once : — The first and principal demand, and
which, if granted, would have settled all the rest, was that the
Executive Council should be swept clean of priests, bishops and
placemen, and made directly responsible to a majority of the
people's representatives in the Lower House of Parliament. Next,
that the Legislative Council should be purged of all members
receiving contracts, allowances, or perquisites from the Governmentr
Then, that the Crown and Clergy Eeserves be abolished. That
laws be enacted for the better management and sale of the public
lands. That means be provided for the support of a good system
of education. That laws be passed for the abolition of banking
monopolies ; for the reduction of law fees, and the simplification of
law practice ; for the equitable distribution of intestate estates ; for
establishing a mode for trying impeachments ; for assuring the
control of the whole public revenue ; for a revision of the corrupt
jury-packing system ; for the repeal of the everlasting Salary Bill ;
for disqualifying priests and bishops from holding seats in the
councils of the country; for taking the freeholders' votes at
convenient places, and for giving the people the control of their
local taxes.
These, he tells us, were some of the questions which Mackenzie
had pressed upon Parliament the previous session. And he
adds : — The people's representatives in Parliament then were some
of the best men that ever represented Canadian constituencies^
Amongst them were Mackenzie, Baldwin, Eolph, Bidwell, Perry
and Eandal. But so little was known of the principles of
Eesponsible Government at the time, and so little was that
principle favoured, that an address containing a vote of censure
on the advisers of the Governor, although supported by every vote
in the House (except one), produced no effect. A large number of
58 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
most necessary measures of reform had passed the House last
session — not one of which was allowed to become law. Amongst
those was the Bill for the Secularization of the Clergy Eeserves.
The Legislative Coimcil, the Executive Council and the Governor,
Sir John Colborne, were all hostile to reform, and opposed to the
will of the people as expressed through their representatives in the
House of Assembly. They would allow no measure to pass that
would be likely to weaken their own power and influence. Nor
would they allow of any reform that would weaken the Church of
England, of which most of them were adherents. They showed
their hostility to the Lower House in every possible way.
Members of Parliament were then elected only for two years,
and as the term of the late Parliament had expired an election was
to come off in the fall. Mackenzie was busy with his Advocate^
firing up for the occasion. Every number was filled with charges
of corruption and tyranny against the Government, and the people
were called upon to stand by their friends in the late Parliament.
The people of York were all politicians, or appeared so to me, some
taking one side and some the other, and excitement ran so high
that quarrels between neighbours were of frequent occurrence.
This was the state of affairs in the town of York in 1830, when I
arrived there from the backwoods of Uxbridge. I had never had the
opportunity to read or study anything political. I knew little or
nothing of the constitution of the country, or how the Government
was, or should be carried on, and hence did not know one party
from the other. But now, having access to the newspapers of the
day, I read both sides, and being a little forward and inquisitive, I
talked with both sides, in order to form my own conclusions as to
which of the two parties had the best interests of the country at
heart, and which was the safest and best to entrust with the govern-
ment of the country. And I came to the deliberate conclusion
that the Beformers were the party who were in the right, and the
CHOOSES THE REFORM SIDK
59
party whose principles would secure the largest amount of liberty
and happiness to the people of the country. And from that time
forth I was a Eeformer. Thus, having selected the party to which
I was pleased to belong, I was ever after ready and willing, to the
l)est of my ability, to assist in working out the reforms so much
required by the country.
CHAPTEE X.
Engagement to run a sawmill — The dam being carried away pats an end to the job —
Becomes a "Boss" carpenter — Contracts for and completes several buildings —
Becomes restless — Prepares to go to Cleveland — A talk with Ezekiel J'ames changes
his mind — Leases a Clergy Reserve lot—Chops and clears thirty acres— Puts in a first
crop— Something to brag of —Advantage gained and never lost afterwards — A barn
wanted — No lumber to build— Interview yrith J. P. Plank— Unsuccessful— Plank
offers to sell the sawmill— Negotiations — Buys— Plants his " first stake " in Uxbridge
—The dam rebuilt— Breaks away again — Matters worse than ever— Severe loss.
THE doctor having decided that he might safely go home, he
followed his advice and remained at home that winter. Next
spring he engaged himself to rmi a sawmill for James Taylor in the
township of Pickering. The mill was a new one, and the dam was
new and had not settled properly. The consequence was that, after
running the mill some five or six weeks, the spring freshets came
and carried the dam away. That put an end to his job with Mr.
Taylor. His next venture was to hire a young carpenter, and a
good journeyman carpenter. With this help, he took and completed
contracts for buildings of various kinds, in Uxbridgp and the sur-
rounding townships, and put up " a large barn for old Eeuben
Crandell in Eeach."
The prospects of the trade, however, do not appear to have been
so encouraging in his own immediate neighbourhood as he could
have desired. Or, perhaps, influenced by his experience of town-
life in York, and the insight obtained by him into the better oppor-
tunities which centres of population offered to a man of push and
energy for making his way upward, he wished to try a wider field.
At all events, he was becoming restless in his circumscribed position
and longed to make a change. What he says himself is : ^' Having
LEASES A CLERGY RESERVE LOT. 61
-seen an account that there was a great demand for carpenters in
Cleveland, in Ohio, I determined to strike out and try my fortune
amongst my cousins in the States. I therefore made me a good
strong tool-chest, and a chest for my clothes, and arranged to start."
The Sunday following this determination, he went " with the
family to our little Quaker meeting," as he fully expected for the last
iime. On the road home, while walking along with his father and
iheir old friend and neighbour Ezekiel James, the latter enquired
if it were true that Joseph was about to leave home and go to the
States. On being answered that such was the intention, Mr. James
began to ** reason the case" with father and son. He pointed out
the large field that would soon be opened at home to Joseph, if he
-choose to continue at his trade. Meantime he made a suggestion.
He suggested (says Mr. Gould in his narrative) that I had better
lease " that Clergy Eeserve lot beside him, and go to work on it,
and that father should help me." My father said he was " owing
me for building the house, and had no means of paying me, but
ihat if I would take up that lot and go to work on it, or let the job
of clearing, he would board me and my men until I got a good start
on it." Mr. James said : " There's a good chance ; better than
going to the States." I said : " Evans Jones had leased the lot,
and although he wants to sell, I have no money to buy him out."
To this Mr. James replied : " I will lend thee the money to buy him
out and wait until thee can pay me conveniently." And being hard
pressed by his father and mother, and by Mr. and Mrs: James, he
took a little time to look the lot over, and finally concluded to lease
it, and abandoned his intention of going to the States.
Having made this decision, he immediately let a job to Samuel
Widdifield to chop, clear and fence twenty acres the next summer.
He also set to work himself with his wonted energy, and the same
€ummer chopped and cleared ten acres. He successfully sowed
both ''fallows" in fall wheat the same season. And, with par-
donable pride, he mentions the fact that all the work done, and
62 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
all the seeding was paid for ; and that his putting in thirty acre&
of a crop was regarded as an "extraordinary feat" by his neigh-
bours at that time — "for none of our ablest farmers could clear
over ten acres and sow the land to wheat in one year ; that even
that breadth was considered a large fallow, and most of them would
be more or less in debt for chopping or logging."
The spirit of self-laudation in which he mentions this event ifr
quite excusable, when we bear in mind the means and resources at
his command. He was, as he says himself, " a mere boy," and to
have cleared and sown thirty acres of land in one summer, and all
paid for, could not fail to be regarded, as it was, " a wonderful big
affair." Nor can our admiration be withheld, when, speaking in
the same connection, he says : " This work thoroughly established
my credit as a business man, and gave me an advantage which I
determined never to lose." And he never from that time forward
did lose it in after life. But the next question was what to do with
the wheat when it was harvested. He must have a barn to put it
in. He could build one, to be sure. But where was he to get the
lumber ? ** There was only one sawmill within twenty miles of
me," he writes, "that belonged to John P. Plank. But the dam
was destroyed, and the mill undermined and all wrecked to pieces.
I must go and have him repair it, and have him saw me some
lumber, and so build a barn in the spring." He interviewed Mr.
Plank and made known his wishes, but did not succeed. Mr.
Plank would not put the mill in repair. " I urged him and tried
to induce him all I could," says the persevering young farmer ;
" offering to assist him with my oxen ; but this was the third
time that the dam had broken with him, and he was perfectly
disheartened and did not feel like touching it." After further
unsuccessful parleying, Mr. Plank made an offer to sell him the
sawmill and farm. " I laughed at the idea of his offering to sell
me a sawmill," says Mr. Gould. " I assured him that I had put
every dollar that I had or could get into the new land and wheat-
";fiiist stake in uxbbidge." 6S
fields, and therefore could not think of buying. I again renewed
my proposal to assist him with my team in building the dam and
repairing the mill ; that I should work for him myself in every
possible way, and take my pay in his sawing lumber for a bam.*'
All was useless. Plank would not accede to the proposition, and
young Gould withdrew from all further attempts at negotiation. A
few days afterwards, Plank called upon him, and pressed upon him
the following proposition : To sell the mill, with a good stock of
saw-logs, then in the yard, and the farm ; all for $1,200 ; and " ta
give me five years to pay for it without interest, and agreed ta
repair the mill and dam, and put the whole in good order that fall
for me, and to allow me to superintend the work, and have it done
to my own satisfaction." After some days' reflection and consulta-
tion with his father and friend, Ezekiel James, the terms were
accepted.
Of this, the turning point in his life, and the foundation of hi8>
large fortune, Mr. Gould says: — "I concluded to accept, and
commenced work at once, which was my first stake stuck down
in the future town of Uxbridge." The building of the dam was,
however, a more troublesome and expensive .job than he had
anticipated. He was inexperienced in such work, and after
spending some six weeks in its repair, it broke away again, and
matters were worse than ever. It was then too late in the fall
to rebuild; he lost the value of all his work and materials, and
lost besides the use of the mill for six months. This unforeseen
difficulty interfered with his plans • and put back his prospects,
and he regrets his temerity in taking upon himself the superin-
tendence of the building of the dam. He also mentions another
** misfortune " which he met with during the winter, which came
near causing him the loss of his life, and which is related in the
next chapter.
CHAPTEE XI.
Unfortanate journey on Christmas Day — An undesirable driving horse— Bad runaway —
Bad wound from a hemlock knot -The knot in the wounded flesh holds horse and
driver ! — Taken to Joseph Wixson*s and cared for— Doctor sent for — Terrible wound
— A piece of the knot taken out — Taken home — Bemoans his loss, but thankful— Able
to go to work again— The sawmill a complete wteck — Repaired — Irwin called in, and
makes a good job of it — Mill works splendidly — A large lot of lumber cut— Beady
sale, but mostly on credit— Custom of paying accounts — Hard to make ends meet —
Where there is a will there is a way— Successful struggle— Fortunate in a boarding-
house.
ON Christmas Day he started to go to York "with old Mr.
Flewell " in a cutter. The horse was '* a great overgrown
brute, hard in the mouth, and bad to hold, very skittish, ugly going
down hill, and inclined to run away whenever he got the chance,
and had made several attempts to rim down hill with us that
morning." When they got to within about two miles of Joseph
Wixson's, of Pickering, here is his account of what happened to
them with the undesirable brute whose qualities as a driving horse
Are so graphically enumerated : — " While going down the hill, he
made a dash and threw us both out of the cutter ; but I held
on to the lines. He slid me down the hill at a rapid pace, and
a hemlock knot, frozen fast in the ground and sticking up an inch
x>T two, caught me in the fleshy part of the hip and held me fast,
and I held the horse fast at the same time ! Mr. Flewell, having
got up after his fall, without being hurt, came down the hill, and
fieeing my situation, sprang to my aid, and lifted me loose from the
knot. Next he fastened the horse to a tree, took hold of me and
helped me into the cutter, and after -gathering up what had been
thrown out of the cutter, took the horse by the head and led him
BADLY HURT. 65
gently forward to Joseph Wixson's. They had all gone to meeting,
but the hired girl, who with Mr. Flewell, took me out of the cutter
and into the house, and placing my buffalo robe on the floor in
front of the fire, placed me on it with my feet to the firi." The
character of the wound was alarming; it did not bleed a great
deal; but the leg, hip and side became numb and lifeless. His
companion remained with him until the Wixson family returned
from meeting, and then pursued his way alone on foot to York. A
doctor was sent for to Stouffville, ten miles away, and did not
arrive until late in the evening. He was greatly astonished, as he
well might be, at the tremendous size of the wound, and took out
of the gaping cavity in the torn flesh a large piece of the hemlock
knot, which was tightly embedded in it to the hip bone. After
dressing the wound, the doctor's opinion was favourable to
recovery, and he cheered up his patient with the assurance that
he would not be a cripple. After remaining at Wixspn's two weeks
(of the kindness of whose family he speaks in the most grateful
terms), and several visits firom the doctor, the latter assented to
his removal. " My people," says Mr. Gould, " came down with a
bed swung up in a sleigh, and took me home, where I remained
most of the winter confined to the house." He bemoans this
accident and its results as "a fearful loss"; but he was very
thankful for his escape, and at being able to go to work again,
" not much the worse for the wound." In the ccmrse of time it
became perfectly healed.
He had arranged to put in a large stock of saw-logs and to
prepare material for building the dam, but of course the. accident
disarranged all his plans. The sawmill frame and machinery had
been badly wrecked by former breaks, but this last one had about
made everything useless, and he was ^' left without a shilling to
help himself." But he was soon again up and doing, and in his
emergency, he adopted the wise course of calling the experience of
his old master, Mr. Irwin, to his aid. Mr. Irwin helped him to
66 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
overhaul the mill ; put in a new wheel, the machinery was fixed,
and everything put into proper trim. And while this was being
done, the dam was efficiently repaired, and the mill started at
work in the "fore part of June." A good job had been made
this time, and the mill " ran splendidly." He " soon cut a
large quantity of lumber, for which there was a ready sale, but
mostly on credit; for nobody ever thought of paying money in
summer time. Farmers could only move their produce to market
in winter time, and consequently could only pay their accounts
in winter. The custom of the country was regulated by the state
of the roads ai^d the time of the market for selling grain. And, at
this time, all men in business trusted their goods from one winter
to the next." Of course he had to do the same with his lumber,
and this made it difficult for him, he says, " to make ends meet."
But where there is a will there is a way. He did make ends meet ;
and not only that, but also met the heavy expenses of repairing
the mill and the dam (an item of some $300), which was not
coming badly out of such a struggle with untoward circumstances.
He was also able to provide money enough to pay the board of
himself and his "hands," which, he adds, was no small item; and
also the following: "I was fortunate in getting a good boarding-
house near the mill on the farm. Mr. Plank, who sold me the
mill, and who kept a hotel, had rented the hotel and moved his
family into the house that he sold me on the farm, and his wife
boarded me and all my hands that summer, while he set up a store
of goods in the township of Brock and tended that himself."
CHAPTER XII.
Uxbridge~1806— 1833— A mighty change— The "first l»eak" in the forest— 1806 -Dr.
Beswick— Sets about building a gribtmill and sawmill — Discouraged— Sells out —
Joseph Collins — The mills finished — 1807 — 1809— Robert Wilson— His improvements
—Sells out to J. P. Plank — He builds a sawmiU— Sells out to Mr. Grould— Enterprise
of Joseph Collins— His accidental and melancholy death— 1815 — A great calamity —
Severe blow to the progress of the place— His widow and children — The property
neglected — 1826 — Mr. Plank's purchases— Builds a hotel aad storehouse — Carleton
Lynde — First merchant in Uxbridge — Mr. Gould settles down— Uxbridge in 1832.
THIS brings us to the summer of 1838.
The village of Uxbridge consisted at that time of J. P. Plank's
little old frame tavern; Carleton Lynde's little frame store; a little
old gristmill with a small pair of native-rock stones ; an old log house,
on the present site of the Mansion House, and a small unoccupied
blacksmith's shop. These little old buildings were all that consti-
tuted the village of Uxbridge at that time. What a mighty change
has half a century brought about ! We turn again to Mr. Gould's
interesting narrative.
The farm and sawmill that I had then bought from J. P. Plank
were not then considered part of the village. They were a quarter
of a mile south of it, up stream. And since I have begun to
describe the village, it might make it more interesting if I should
state when and by whom the first break was made in the forest
where the town now stands. Lot 80 in the 6th concession was
patented in 1806 to Dr. Beswick. This gentleman made a start to
build a gristmill and sawmill, on the present mill site, in the same
year. After getting out the timber for the mill and probably build-
ing the dam, he became discouraged with his prospects, and the next
68 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
year sold out to Joseph Collins. The latter continued the work and
finished the building of the mills in 1809. In 1807 Eobert Wilson
patented lot 29 in the 6th concession, settling thereon the same year,
and making a considerable clearing. He continued his improvements,
bringing into cultivation quite a farm, upon which he resided for
about twenty years. Wilson sold out to J. P. Plank, who, after
building a sawmill, and holding the property for about five years,
sold out to Mr. Gould in 1832. Joseph Collins, who was also from
Pennsylvania, was, we are told, a man of enterprise, and that "had
he lived he would have made quite a stirring place of Uxbridge
much sooner than it was possible for any one else to do." Unfortu-
nately for the progress of the new settlement, Collins met with a
sudden death through an accident at the mill, in December, 1815.
This accident and its cause are described at length by Mr. Gould.
The death caused quite a sensation at the time. The account is
here condensed.
The mill was of the old-fashioned sawmill pattern, with a flutter-
wheel and a crank attached to the end of it, to which a pitman
was fastened extending to the saw-gate, or saw-frame which held
the saw. When the wheel moved the crank shoved the saw up
and down, and thus ran the mill. The crank in turning dipped
into the water and splashed it in every direction. Jhe water so
splashed would, in cold weather, freeze on the pitman, and the
ice so accumulated would frequently have to be knocked off in
order to give the mill freedom to run. On the morning of his
death, Collins went to start the mill, and it is thought that, finding
the pitman loaded with ice, he took his axe, and lying down on his
breast on the fender under the saw-frame and striking the pitman,
started the wheel half around, bringing down the saw-frame on his
back, pressing with all its weight on the beam and killing him
instantly. There was not a man about the place at the time.
CoUins's wife, a young woman, with three little children, after wait-
ing a long time for the husband to come to breakfast, and he not
A GREAT CALAMITY. 69
answering to her call, she went to the mill to look for him. She
found him in the position mentioned — the body wedged under the
saw-frame, as has been stated, and life quite extinct. With the
strength and nerve of a woman in despair, she managed to raise
the heavy frame. In doing so, the body slipped off, falling beneath,
and rolling outward before the eyes of the agonized wife.
The death of Collins was regarded as a great calamity to the
whole neighbourhood. It must have been a severe blow to the
progress of the place, the sudden taking off of such a man, just as
his enterprise and resources were being actively employed for it^
development. Certainly it resulted in the utter ruin almost pf the
property which he left behind him, and which, for nearly thirty
years afterwards, we are told, remained in a state of "utter stag-
nation'and ruination."
Joseph Collins had leased lot 31 in the 6th concession, and that lot,
together with lot 30 held by him at his death, contained the prin-
cipal village plot that now forms the populous and prosperous town
of Uxbridge. Collins died intestate, leaving one daughter and two
sons — the eldest son being then only about two years of age. As
the law of primogeniture then prevailed, this little boy was the heir-
at-law and the property could not be sold until he came of age.
The renting of the premises, the constant removal of tenants, and
the need of proper repairs and due attention, led to the total dilapi-
dation of the sawmill, so that in time it rotted down altogether.
The gristmill was but a poor thing at best, and it was allowed to
get so much out of repair that it did not run half the time, and it
sometimes remained altogether idle for more than a year at a stretch.
Fornearly twenty years the people of the settlement were obliged to
go to Newmarket to mill to get their gristing done. And when the
heir, John Collins, arrived at his majority, the property was in such
a wretched state of dilapidation, and the general stagnation and
backwardness of the settlement so disheartened him, that he deter-
mined to sell out. This he did in 1838, selling the east half of
70 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
lot 80, and the whole of lot 31 for $1,300. Mr. J. P. Plank was
the purchaser of one acre of the north-east corner of lot 80, and
Joel Bard well bought the whole of lot 81.
About the year 1825 Mr. J. P. Plank bought the west half of lot
80 in the7th concession and built a small hotel thereon. Two years
afterwards he built a small store house. This latter he rented to
Carleton Lynde from Whitby, who filled it with goods, and was the
first merchant that located in Uxbridge. When Mr. Gould settled
down as a young man in the village, in the fall of 1882, the whole
of the buildings standing within the present limits of the town of
Uxbridge were the little old gristmill and barn built by Joseph
Collins, a small log house and blacksmith shop, built by John
Lyons; a little frame tavern and driving house, occupied by J. P.
Plank, a small cooper shop, built by Thomas Arnold, the store of
Carleton Lynde, and the sawijaill, house and barn purchased by Mr.
Gould from Mr. Plank, and situated a quarter of a mile south of
the other buildings.
CHAPTEE Xm.
Saccessftil operation of the sawmill — Crood wheat crop— Prosperity — A hole in t^e dam-
Narrow escape— Another bad break— Disheartened with the mill — Likes farming
better— 'Exchanges for farm land— Squire Bagshaw — Bagshaw rebuilds the dam —
Breaks away again— Bagshaw disgusted— Wants to " trade " back— Leaves the place
— ^Writes Mr. Gould, giving up the mill— Finds opt that Bagshaw does not own the
land traded— Legal proceedings— Resumes possession of the mill— Bagshaw returns —
A scene— Bagshaw in danger of another ** mill " — Runs— Peace — An amicable settle-
ment — A lasting job made of the dam— Increased prosperity— Better arrangements-
Housekeeping — Reflections.
AFTER the last good job made of the sawmill, it was now
running smoothly. Thomas Hilborn, a good sawyer, was
hired to run it, and he did his work well. That summer a large
quantity of lumber was cut, which sold very readily amongst the
farmers of the vicinity. Indeed the demand of the neighbourhood
was greater than the supply. ** This enabled me," says Mr. Gould,
^'to redeem myself considerably. My wheat turned out a heavy
crop of straw, and upon the whole was a pretty fair crop of wheat.
It cost a large sum to harvest it, although men then worked for
seventy-five cents a day. But it took three very good men to cut,
bind and stock an acre a day. I had, however, the good fortune
to get my friend, Ezekiel James, to harvest and thresh ten acres
of it." Mr. Gould drew the produce of about sixteen acres down
to the village and put it in the barn belonging to the mill property,
where he threshed it out in the winter. With his harvest safely
housed and his sawmill in successful operation, everything was going
on prosperously until one day in September, of which he says : —
**I happened to notice some 'muddy "water running out behind
the dam, and, on examination, found a small hole in front of the
72 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
dam. I ran and got a bundle of straw and attempted to stop it
by treading 'the straw into the hole. Whilst on the straw, trying
to squeeze it into the hole, the bank, which was undermined, com-
pletely gave way under me, and it required all the effort I was
able to make to keep me from being carried under. Had I once
gone down, nothing could have saved me. My escape was most
providential, and made a deep impression upon my mind for
many years afterwards."
This break in the dam turned out to be a very serious affair.
The water poured in over it in a large and rapid stream, cutting
a hole twelve feet deep behind the dam, through which it rushed
down to the bottom of the creek, carrying away and destroying
everything in its course. Disheartened at this, the mill property
was regarded by him with disfavour, and he felt as if he had made
a bad bargain with Mr. Plank. On the other hand, he felt elated
over the success of his farming operations, and he believed that if he
could now confine himself to the latter he would be more successfuL
In this frame of mind, when Mr. Abraham Bagshaw came that
way and expressed a desire to " trade " a good farming lot for the
mill property, Mr. Gould was not indisposed to come to his terms ;
and so the mill and farm were ''traded" for lot No. 5 in the 6th
concession of Scott, subject, of course, to the lien to Plank,
Bagshaw at once set about rebuilding the dam; but before the
water was raised to the top it all broke away again, and the
concern was left on Bagshaw' s hands in as bad a plight as ever.
The latter in turn became disheartened at his failure, and
insisted upon Mr. Gould taking the mill property back again.
But Gould had now made up his mind to be a farmer. He
was well pleased with the 200 acres in Scott, and refused to
" trade back" with Bagshaw. Bagshaw believed himself to be in
a quandary ; be regarded the mill as an elephant upon his hands,
and actually ran away from it and left the place altogether. After
be had left, he wrote Mr. Gould a letter giving all up to him, and
DIFFICULTY WITH SQUIRE BAGSHAW. 73
declaring he would never touch the mill again. Mr. Gould was not
altogether satisfied at this state of things. A suspicion was aroused
in his mind in some way about the bond for the lot that had been
traded him by Bagshaw for the mill. He went to York, and
there, to his infinite disappointment, learned that Bagshaw did
not own the land mentioned in the bond. Mr. Bagshaw's whole
claim to lot 5 in the 6th concession of Scott appeared to be
founded upon an offer to buy it from Mr. Billings; but he had
never paid anything on it, and Mr. Billings had determined not
to let him have it. Mr. Gould was now in a " fix." He, however,
as was his wont, acted promptly. He took out a capias for the
arrest of Bagshaw for fraud, and, acting upon the advice of his
lawyer, repossessed himself of the mill. As Mr. Bagshaw was
not to be found, the sheriff made a return of non est, Mr. Gould
being in possession, which he claimed never to have fully given
up, and being further strengthened in that possession by Bag-
shaw's letter of disclaimer, went on stocking the mill and repairing
the dam, at the same time advertising Bagshaw through the
newspapers. A thorough job was made of the dam this time, and
so securely was it rebuilt that it has never since given way.
Meanwhile nothing had been heard from Mr. Bagshaw. About
six months afterwards, however, he suddenly put in an appear-
ance one fine morning, and entering the mill laid claim to the
property ! Of course Mr. Gould was surprised, but he did not
allow himself to be taken at a disadvantage. Here is his account
of the scene: "He [Bagshaw], began to abuse me and threaten
me with the law and all its terrors for trespassing upon his
property. His voice was loud and threatening, and his language
was quite offensive. But I was in no humour to put up with
his abuse, as I was the sufferer at his bands. He went on
threatening and provoking me so that I could stand it no longer*^
I had a long ox-gad in my hand, and so I dashed up to him, and
raising the gad, said I would soon give him something to take the
74 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
law for, if it was law he wanted. As I drew to put it about
his legs, he quickly got out of my way and made off — ^his legs
saving him from the danger of another * mill.' "
Next day the landlord of the tavern came on behalf of Mr. Bag-
fihaw with a message of peace. He had, he said, come back to give
up the prpperty . There was an amicable meeting of the belligerents ;
writings were drawn up, and Mr. Gould was left in the enjoyment
of quiet possession. Everything was now satisfactory, and the
mill and dam in good order; a large stock of saw-logs was laid in,
and Mr. Gould's whole attention was turned to the work of the mill.
He tried to get rid of his good fortune, but it stuck to him almost in
spite of himself.
Of his arrangements at this time he informs us — "I got Mark
Shell, my brother-in-law, to run the mill, and my sister, his wife,
to keep house for me. He was a good sawyer, and she was a care-
ful housekeeper, and all went on well and I' soon seemed to be
getting on my feet."
Pausing in his narrative, he takes occasion to present the fol-
lowing result of his reflections: —
I have no doubt but that some will think that I have gone too
much into minutia in detailing more circumstances in the early
history of Uxbridge than was warranted. But many small efforts
bring about great events. Great success is often preceded by great
disappointments. Many great cities are now found resting on the
ashes of old dilapidated villages. Such seems to be a law of nature. *
May I not say that it is the law of God? The Mountain of Pros-
perity is only reached through the Valley of Adversity. Let no
man think that he can jump all at once from poverty to opulence
itnd stand, without the knowledge gained in the Valley of Adversity.
The truth of this is verified every day. We see opulent and wealthy
persons who began life at the lowest round of the ladder, and who
hy prudence and industry accumulated large estates, leaving at
death large fortunes to their inexperienced sons and daughters, who
REFLECTIONS.
75
in the course of a few years have wasted the life-long savings of the
parent. The prudence and economy of the parent is outraged by
the worthless extravagance of the child. My own observation had
been that our sons are not willing to begin the world where their
fathers did; but they must begin where their fathers left off, and
end in almost every instance by leaving off where their fathers
began. And this law seems to apply to villages and towns as well
as to individuals.
CHAPTER XIV.
The Collins family— What became of the widow and children— Poetic epistle to Joseph
Collins, enclosing a $10 bill — John Bogart — Further particulars of early settlement —
**A wide-awake Dutchman" — Tribute to Mrs. Plank — Renewed immigration —
Further additions— 1834 — Joel and Rufus Bard well — Two " smart " Yankees— Rufu»
*' wanted " at the American side — How the deputy sheriff and constable w^re tricked
—Epistle to a brother poet— Still rhyming and romantic.
RESUMING the thread of his story, Mr. Gould nforms us, in
respect to the widow and young children of Joseph Collins^
whose early death took place in the sad way already mentioned^
that Mrs. Anna Collins, the widow, removed with her three children
to her father's near Newmarket. " She married again, and raised
another family by her second husband, and at her death left them
well off. John Collins, the heir-at-law, raised one family, lost one
wife and got another, and is now [1875] living in North Gwillim-
bury. Joseph Collins, his brother, is now and has been Town Clerk
of Whitchurch for over thirty years." It was to this Joseph Collins,
with whom Mr. Gould had some intimate business dealings, that
we find him addressing the following poetic epistle, on one occasion,
when enclosing him a ten-dollar bill.
EPISTLE
TO
JOSEPH COLLINS,
WHITCHURCH.
How do you do? my noble friend —
And how are all around you?
Has wealth, with health and peace to mend
Tour pleasures, ever found you ?
POETIC EPISTLE. 77
If all Ib well— then all is right —
For we*re fat, tough and lazy —
Tet lack the dust that shihes so bright,
And makes the world so crazy !
For other things we're rather scant,
But yet we're not repining —
Our only need and greatest want —
The yellow gold so shining.
If man had all his eyes could see,
But gold — his heart would crave it —
Nor would he e'er contented be —
Unless allowed to have it !
« Nor then contented would be long —
But schemes would be contriving —
To scrape the world, all in a throng,
To keep his store a thriving.
Thus man for self is made a slave —
He never is contented —
When got what most his heart would crave —
Then something else is wanted I
I've tried in vain to break this bill —
To get what change is due you —
And thought, for fear you'd take it ill,
I'd better send it to you.
So, friend, if you can make it crack —
And get what^ change is wanting —
Then by the bearer send it back —
For money I am panting !
I owe Jake Laing about two pounds —
If you can plan to pay it,
In work, or trade, or turn it round —
From your account I'll stay it.
Long may you live in wealth, I pray —
Still by the plough to thrive, sir ;
So fare you well — ^this second May,
Of eighteen thirty-five, sir.
Uxbridge. J. Gould.
7S THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
John Bogart, the uncle of John Collins, took out letters of
administration to the deceased Joseph, and managed the properfy
during the minority of John, ** the heir," renting the mill from
time to time, as has heen already stated, to different parties. At
the time of Collins's death there had been no further additions to
the village or settlement, nor was there, we are told, a solitary
settler in Beach, Brock or Scott. Mr. Bogart put Stephen Hilborn
in possession of the mill for a short time ; then it was rented to a
Dutchman, named Abram Mericle, who ran it for two or three
years. Next, Eobert Widdifield rented it for a year or two, and
after him Amos Hilborn, who remained in occupation up to 1881.
In the spring. of 1826 a permanent acquisition was added to
the village by the arrival of John P. Plank, **a wide-awake
Dutchman," whose name has been abready so often mentioned.
He came from York State. He located on the west-half of lot
30 in the 7th concession, built the tavern, and being a "jolly
good fellow," and assisted by his " clean, tidy Dutch wife — one of
the begt housewives that ever cooked a turkey ox broiled a beef-
steak — they soon established for themselves a reputation that has
served the family as a passport up to the present time."
By this time a strong current of immigration had set in from
the Old Country. The townships of Brock, Thorah and Mariposa
began to be settled. The only road by which the immigrants
to those townships could reach their destination was through
Uxbridge. Mr. Plank's tavern became their resting place, and in
this way he began to pick up money very fast. It was at this
period that Mr. Plank, who saw the great advantage of a grist
and sawmill to the locality, bought out Eobert Wilson, the owner
of lot 29, and became possessed of the sawmill privilege. Plank
built the sawmill, which afterwards became the property of Mr.
Gould. Chapman failed to complete his contract, sold out, and
removed to Pickering. The changes already noted went on up
to 1884. In the spring of that year, a young man named Joel
TRICKS OF THE BARDWELLS. 79
Bardwell, an American, and his cousin Eufus Bardwell (who had
in the previous fall rented Plank's hotel), bought out the Collins
property for $1,200 — paying $200 down. They made some repairs
in the gristmill. Shortly afterwards, continues Mr. Gould, Eufus,
who supplied the funds, appeared to be very much "wanted" ia
the States hy some acquaintances across the line who had an
interest in him. And in order that he might not miss his way
in going back, one of those acquaintances called upon him one
evenmg with the deputy sheriff and constable and offered him a
safe conduct, pledging themselves to take good care of him by
the way. For this polite invitation, Mr. Bardwell (not -being
destitute of the characteristics of his countrymen) expressed his
most grateful thanks. He expressed himself profoundly sensible
of their love and affection, and of the interest manifested for hi&
safe return. He told them that he had anticipated their anxiety
in this respect, and that he had fully made up his mind to go back
and visit them in a week or so, but that now as they had arrived,
it would be the greatest pleasure to him to return in such company.
And he added that he was quite well aware, when obliged to leave
them somewhat hurriedly, that he omitted calling upon some
friends who had pressing claims upon his attention, and that the
fact of his having in his possession plenty of money, which he felt
under an obligation to distribute amongst those same friends,
would not be the means of making his welcome on their return the
less cordial. " But," he added, " you shall not pass from under
my roof without resting and refreshing yourselves." Turning to
his son, he said, " Put up these gentlemen's horses, and tell the
ostler to groom them well, and have them and my two best horses
well fed and ready by to-morrow morning, as you will have to
come with me to accompany these gentlemen as far as Toronto."
•* Now, gentlemen," said the hospitable host, " have something to
drink ; don't spare good liquor ; we will also soon have supper, and
when you are refreshed, we will make an early start betimes in the
80 THE LIFE AND TIMES OP JOSEPH GOULD.
morning." Mrs. Bardwell did not know what to make of all this
fuss, and coming on the scene, asked in an uneasy way — " What's
all this hurry about, Eufus ?" " It's all right," he replied, " these
gentlemen want me to go with them to the States, and I'm going
in the morning ; it's a little sooner, you know, than I had intended
to go ; but I want that matter settled ; and having the money, I
may as well go now and settle it as a few days later." The
constables accepted this as confirmatory of the already expressed
intention of mine host to revisit the States, without their pressing
invitation, and his offhand manner completely lulled their sus-
picions. Their entertainment was of the most bounteous and
liberal character — more especially in the liquor line — ^they drank
freely, went to bed in a most glorious condition and slept soundly.
But while the emissaries of the law slept soundly, Mr. Eufus
Bardwell was wide awake, and kept his weather-eye open too. In
the quiet of the midnight hour, guided by the calm moonlight, he
was " making tracks " from Uxbridge, out of the reach of the
slumbering "minions of the law." Eufus and his son, Silas,
were well mounted on the ** two best horses " that were to take
them to Toronto with the constables, and they were accompanied
by an American who had two racehorses in training at the place.
They did not wish to disturb the peaceful rest of the constables,
even to bid them good-bye, and merely left word that they had
taken advantage of the fine weather to ride out early, and would
likely reach Toronto before their friends.
It was rather late in the morning when the constables arose,
after sleeping off the effects of the night's carousal. Breakfast was
ready for them, and after making a leisurely meal, they enquired
for mine host. The message left by Eufus was delivered to them,
and further inquiries satisfied them that the father and son and
their " best horses " had fled at midnight in the company of the
American and his racers.
It is not related how the visitors returned to Toronto, or what
ANOTHER POETIC EPISTLE, 81
account they gave of their expedition to Uxbridge. But it is
mentioned that they had to groom and saddle their own horses on
leaving that morning ; there is something added about *' sadder
and wiser men."
Mr. Gould still mounted his Pegasus upon occasions, and gave
the steed of the Muses a free course, whenever moved thereto by
the poetic fancy. About this time, judging from the date, he must
have written the following : —
AN EPISTLE
TO J. B. PEA.BSON, OF MARIPOSA., A BBOTHB& POET.
Written in extremely cold wetUher^ Mwreh Srd, 1856,
Dearest friend,* I got your letter ;
Kindly 'thank you for the same ;
Humbly own I am your debtor
For your well composed strain. ^
Pleased I was, beyond expression,
When I read the subject through ;
Found your heart had made confession
Of that friendship that is true.
Yet more joyed by far to know it.
That the plan that had been laid
Had inspired a brother poet
To join in the pleasing trade.
Early for to hail liiat season.
When the Muses love to sing ;
And though March is sharp and freezing,
Tet it is a month of Spring.
One more Winter 's gone and left us,
His record Above to give ;
And to tell how he's bereft us
Of one winter less to live.
The old veteran when he started
For his upper destined sphere —
At that moment when he parted —
Sent us Spring, our hearts to cheer.
82 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
"Virgin Spring ! " said he, "you're welcome.
My inheritance to share ;
All my subjects — you can tell them, —
Tou are my right, lawful heir. ''
Then he clasped the smiling infant
To his death-cold frozen heart ;
Breathed farewell— on the instant —
Chilled her through in every part !
Tet, my friend, the season 's near us
When the flowery fields appear ,
When all nature, smiling, cheers us.
Then expect from me to hear.
Then my Muse shall soar with pleasure ;
Range her thoughts in pleasing rhyme ;
Sing again — when I'm at leisure —
Now, no more, I'm scant of time.
May passing seasons ever find us
Both engaged in virtue's cause ;
Wrapt in peace, with love to bind us
Closer still in friendship's laws.
I remain, yours truly,
Joseph Gould,
Nor were his strains confined to the sentimental. He made
love ditties and humorous ballads, and his productions of this
character were in great demand by the neighbouring youths of both
sexes. Those who knew Mr. Gould only during the last twenty
years of his life would not credit him with the authorship of such
verses as the following — made at the age of twenty-five.
SONG.
Come all ye jolly young men
Who glory in your youth ;
Come ! listen to my story,
While I relate the truth.
The tale that I shall tell you—
You may believe is so —
For I love to kiss a charming lass
That will not say me. No !
VERSE-MAKING — LOVE LETTERS. 83
Such verses in abundance were the veritable productions of his
pen. They are here given as written, with some slight corrections
in the spelling. His love letters to handsome Mary James
(afterwards his wife) — some of them written while he was in
prison — are models of that class of literature, and invest both
with a ]t)mantic character that, after the lapse of fifty years, is still
interesting. But here we draw the veil, and continue those matter-
of-fact details and events more intimately connected with our
subject.
CHAPTEE XV.
Abraham Anderson settles— 1835— Buys from the Bardwells— Joel Bardwell buys the
Gould gristmill and farm— Joel "wanted" — His escape from the constable— The
constable turns up as the owner of the farm !— Suspicions about the transfer— Robert
Taylor builds and does a "smashing" business — Joseph Bascom starts a tannery, etc.
—First mail route— First postmaster of Uxbridge— Weekly mails — Mr. Bascom's
improvements— Other improvements— Joseph Marsland — His improvements — Mr.
Anderson's improvements— 1836— Unsuccessful merchants— The mills— Price of
lumber — Other old settlers.
WHEN " the coast was clear " Eufus Bardwell and his son
returned, but their stay in TJxbridge was short after this
little performance with the constables. They soon left, it was
supposed for Michigan. Before leaving, Eufus gave Joel instruc-
tions to sell the Collins property. This was accomplished after a
short time. Abraham Anderson was the purchaser. He came in,
in the spring of 1835, and repaired the gristmill and rebuilt the
sawmill. Joel Bardwell then purchased Mr. Gould's gristmill
privilege, together with the farm of 107 acres. He made very few
improvements beyond the putting up of a little log house, and after
occupying it for a couple of years he, too, was ** wanted," and a
special messenger was despatched for him with a missive com-
manding him to visit his cousins in Uncle Sam's dominions. The
story was long afterwards current that, on the way to Toronto, Joel
gave the bailiff the slip in the thick woods near the Eouge Hill,
and shortly afterwards joined his cousin, Eufus. And when the
bailiff appeared a short time afterwards as the owner of the 107
acres belonging to his prisoner, there was a second story told.
And here is how Mr. Gould tells it : —
The bailiff called upon Joel to accompany him to Toronto ; and
MR. bascom's arrival. 85
this time was determined that his bird should not slip out of his
hands — at any rate, not until he had picked his feathers. The 107
acres were transferred (on the way) from Bardwell to the bailiff, for
a consideration, the amount of which was never made known,
further than the bailiff's admission that he gave his prisoner a
new suit of clothes, and otherwise fitted him out ** in good running
trim"; that Joel slipped off the horse (they were both riding), and
ran into the woods, and that he (the bailiff) could not catch him,
and that he never tried to do so afterwards.
Shortly before Bardwell bought the Collins property, Mr. Eobert
Taylor had purchased one acre of the north-east corner upon'
which he built a store, and where for a time he did a considerable
business. A " smashing " business it was called, perhaps because
he shortly afterwards failed. The property then fell into the
hands of Mr. Plank, and is the site of the present Plank House,
and of some of the best business stores in Uxbridge.
In 1835 Abram Anderson having, as already mentioned, pur-
chased the Collins property, came in that spring ; he repaired the
gristmill and built a new sawmill. He induced Joseph Bascom
to settle. Mr. Bascom started a tannery and shoe shop, built a
house, and acquired property which has since grown valuable. He
was a thrifty, honest, industrious man, and a great acquisition to
the village. He was mainly instrumental in securing a mail route
through from Dufl&n*s Creek into Brock, and was the first post-
master of Uxbridge. The mails were only delivered once a week.
At that time, and for seven or eight years afterwards, there was no
road connecting the east side of the creek with the west — a passage
over the milldam serving for a thoroughfare. Mr. Bascom built
the tannery fronting the milldam. The first post office was kept
in the tannery. Mr. Bascom first built a little log house to live in,
but he afterwards built the frame dwelling on the west end of Dr.
Bascom's lot. About the same time Joseph Marsland settled, and
built a little tavern and blacksmith's shop on the spot where the
late Joseph Finch's tavern and shed stood.
86 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
By 1836, Anderson had got three or four little frame houses
built on the west side of Toronto Street, and had also got a small
schoolhouse built upon the old schoolhouse grounds. These houses
were occupied by Anderson's labouring men. At the commence-
ment of 1837 the houses upon Anderson's property, on the west
side of the creek, were seven or eight in number, and certainly did
not exceed the latter figure. On the east side, there were only
those already enumerated. This was* all the progress that had
been made in the five years, from 1832 to 1836. The few mer-
chants who had tried to start business in Uxbridge, up to that
time, were unsuccessful, and had either failed or moved away.
The gristmill was of the poorest possible description. Anderson's
sawmill was not kept regularly running and cut very little lumber.
Mr. Gould's sawmill was kept constantly running at its full
capacity, cutting on an average about 9,000 feet a week, and
supplying the country round about. He sold clear lumber of the
very best quality, at the mill, for six dollars per thousand feet.
CHAPTEB XVI.
Popularity of Gould's mill — Increasing prosperity — What industry and self-denial can
do — Punctuality in engagements— Good results of this principle — A lesson to others-
Looking out for a helpmate— Yputhful follies corrected— Turns to his friends, the
Quakers to choose a wife— The James Family— Three well-brought-up daughters —
Opinion of the Quaker dress for ladies— Fashionable dress condemned — Admiration
of the James young ladies— Invited to the house— Courtship— Mary James — His
attachment reciprocated— Proposes— Is accepted— The ** day " fixed — A light heart —
** Many a slip," etc.
TTIROM the time that Mr. Gould engaged his brother-in-law, Mr.
-L Shell, to run the sawmill, everything seemed to go on well.
The mill was run steadily, and large quantities of lumber were cut
and sold. The name of Gould's Mill had grown into high repute and
popularity. Mr. Gould had a firmly established business, and his
prosperity was daily on the increase. He had to pay Mr. Plank
$200 a year on the mill and farm, and the heavy expense, which
he was put to of repairing the dam, during the first two years,
came hard upon him ; but by struggling bravely, by industry and
self-denial, he was able to meet all his engagements. Of the efforts
then made by him as a young man, he says : — " This struggle was
to me a most beneficial lesson ; it compelled me to be industrious
and prudent, and to practise the most rigid economy in order to be
punctual in my payments — ^which I determined to meet when
due, no matter what the consequence. And I soon found that
punctuality was a most profitable principle to act upon, as it soon
gave me a reputation. My word became as valuable as my money,
and more convenient, for I had it always by me, and just the right
change, and could pass it as currently as money for anything I
wanted to buy. But it took a great deal of care in protecting it,
88 fHE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
for it is a thing that if once broken, it takes a long time to patch it
up again. And I knew very well that if once there was a flaw found
in it, it would never be considered so good again,"
He had by this time made for himself a reputation for industry
and good management, and was reputed to be growing wealthy.
He was twenty- seven years of age; he was *' pretty comfortably
fixed," as he says, and his careful sister, Mrs. Shell, was keeping
house for him. He thought it was time for him to be looking about
for a helpmate for life. He confesses that he was becoming " a
little wild," and was fond of ** balls, dancing and wild company."
He had his love affairs of " callow youth," like other young men,
and he does not conceal from us the fact that he had been
'* gallanting, first with one girl and then with another." He gives
us the assurance, however, that latterly, since the noticeable
improvement in his worldly circumstances, he had been " trying to
find one whose social position, habits of industry, and feelings and
sympathies, and religious sentiments should harmonize " with his
own — "believing that conjugal happiness greatly depended upon
these qualities, and upon similarity of temperament."
He gave up the ** balls and dances and wild company," and the
"gallanting," and like the sensible young man that he was —
" determined, if possible, to retrace his steps " and " go back to
his friends the Quakers, in whose society he had been brought up,"
and there seek himself out a wife. It was a wise determination —
such an eminently proper step in every way as to almost come
up to the moral conveyed in Cowper's fable — "Pairing Time
Anticipated " : —
Misses ! the tale that I relate
This lesson seems to carry —
Choose not alone a proper mate.
But proper time to marry.
At twenty-seven, and in Mr. Gould's position, the "time to
marry " seemed all that was " proper." And where could he have
CHOOSING A WIFE. 89
gone to make a better choice of a " proper mate *' than amongst
the friends " in whose society he was brought up " — the Quakers ?
No wonder that he " soon felt himself at home with them," for he
tells us : — " Our neighbour, Ezekiel James, the leading man in the
community, had three fine daughters, whom his excellent wife,
Euth, had carefully brought up, and well trained both as to religion
and the practical duties of housewifery. Mary, the oldest of them,
was nearly eight years younger than myself ; and the whole three,
at this time, were blooming into womanhood. They dressed
strictly in the old Quaker style — ^rich, plain, clean and tidy. And
to my mind, no dress in the world sets oflf a young woman so well
as the Quaker dress. No trail to sweep the streets, sidewalks and
barnyard ; no flounces, frills or tuckbacks to catch the dust, rain
and snow, and shackle the agility of a girl's movements. They
take less material, less making, less time in washing and ironing,
and are warmer, and far more durable, and in every way the most
sensible kind of dress. Now those girls were perfect models of what
a good Christian girl should be ; so innocently pure, unassuming
and modest that, after my wild career, I despised myself in their
presence, and frequently wished that I could obliterate the history
of the last five years of my life."
It would be an unpardonable omission to have excluded from
this work Mr. Gould's admiration of the ladies, and the excellent
qualities for which he gives them credit; and it would be a
thousand pities to have left out his description and estimate of the
style of dress which he admired as most becoming to the fair sex.
The fair ladies who condescend to read these pages may now be
able to take a " pointer " as to the style of dress which is considered
most becoming and likely to capture the heart of a prosperous
young man in his wooing. As was very natural, Mr. James invited
his young friend — ^to whom indeed, as we have seen, he had always
proved a friend and counsellor — ^to his house. And what more
natural than that Joseph Gould, who did not find himself an un-
so THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
welcome visitor, notwithstanding his self-depreciation, should have
renewed his visits. And having obtained that friendly footing, we
<5an readily believe him that he " went home with the girls from
meeting." And who shall blame him — indeed how could he help
himself — ^when finding, as he soon did, that Mary, the oldest, " had
quite an attraction for him, that he became fondly attached to her,
and doubly so, if possible, when he found out that she reciprocated
liis attachment ? "
Mr. James received his proposal with favour, and gave him some
further good advice. To Mrs. James he was also quite acceptable
-as a son-in-law ; both his own parents were satisfied with his choice,
and Mary told him, one never-to-be-forgotten night, with all the
demureness and candour of the young Quakeress, that " she should
have great pleasure in joining fortunes with him" and becoming
his wife, and " fixed the day." " I went home," he says, " with a
light heart, and bright hopes of the future, for the day was fixed,
And in four montlis we were to be married." But in his case, as in
so many others, the old saw of —
Many a slip 'twixt the cup and the lip -
held good. The dark shadow of the '* rising " of 1837 was looming
up in the horizon, and Joseph Gould, in spite of himself, became
involved in the struggle.
CHAPTEE XVII.
Politics — ^Takes the Reform side— Speaks at public meetings— A local leader— Incon-
venient polling places— Evil effects of the system then prevailing— Polls kept open
for a week and longer— The tavern-keepers* harvest— Their tricks— Open houses-
Other bad practices— Violence and scenes of strife during an election contest — Free-
holders—The work of canvassers— Mr. Gould's personal experiences— Support of
Mackenzie — Mackenzie's expulsion from the house and re-elections — Election remin-
iscences-Mrs. Doble.
T71E0M what has been already observed as to his political leanings,
-L it need scarcely be added that Joseph Gould was a Eeformer.
As soon as they got a post-ofl&ce and a mail to Uxbridge, he took
the Advocate, Mackenzie's paper, from which his first lessons in
politics had been gleaned. He was soon found discussing the poli-
tical questions of the day, and upholding the Eeform side. He was
Tery active at election times ; had all Mackenzie's political griev-
ances, and their bearings and remedies by heart, and could denoimce
Tory wrong-doing, and the political sins of the ** Family Compact,"
in as vituperative language as Mackenzie himself. He was fre-
quently called upon to speak at public meetings, and was always
chosen to lead in the canvass, in his own and neighbouring town-
ships. Meanwhile York had been changed to Toronto, and Mac-
kenzie elected first Mayor, in 1834. In those times, the Government
selected the places of nomination in the constituencies to suit them-
selves. The places thus selected became the places of polling ; and
as there was only one polling place allowed for each riding, the poll
was kept open for a week at a time, and frequently longer. The
law was that the poll should be kept open as long as votes offered,
• provided ,an interval of an hour did not elapse without a vote being
polled. It was only necessary to poll a single vote each hour in
92 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD. *
order to prolong an election contest. It was the season in which
the tavern-keepers reaped a rich harvest, and it was a common
practice with this class of gentry to hold a number of votes in
reserve, bringing up one at a time within the hour when necessary
to keep the contest going on. It was also the practice of the
candidates, who expected voters from the distant townships, to keep
a *' reserve.** And, if they were behind, this reserve was drawn upon
and the battle kept up, so as to allow time for the arrival of their
reinforcements. It was the practice then for candidates to keep
open houses, providing refreshments and accommodation for their
supporters. There was no restriction to the sale of liquors, or to
treating. And as might be expected, those open public houses were
fertile spots for securing plentiful crops of violence and bloodshed.^
Broken-heads and black-eyes were ordinary events. And sometimes
men were maimed for life, or were killed outright, at those scenes
of strife during an election contest. The constituencies were very
large — some of them of as large an area as two of our present coun-
ties. The settlements were new and very much scattered, and the
roads execrable. The amount of travelling and pulling and hauling
required to get out the ** free and independent *' voters entailed an
enormous amount of hard work. The franchise was then confined
to freeholders exclusively, and as not many of them had their deeds^
a freeholder who had was a very important person — at election,
time. A canvasser would drive a great many miles to secure even
one vote. " I have myself," says Mr. Gould, ** driven ten miles ta
get a voter, and found when I got to his house that my opponent
had been there before me, and had secured the prize.'* That was
no imcommon experience. In the struggle to get votes, he who
could outwit his opponents was regarded not only as the ** smartest"
man, but he was considered the ablest man, and deserving of all
honour. Mr. Gould 'remembered some amusing incidents in thi&
connection.
At the general election of 1828, he first took a prominent part^
WORKING FOR MACKENZIE. 93
and worked hard for Mackenzie, who came out " on his own hook "
as a candidate for the county of York. The election managers did
all in their power to keep Mackenzie out of the field. At a meeting
of the committee held at Newmarket, Mackenzie only got three
votes on the ballot for candidates. Mr, Small received nine votes,
the other candidates, Eoe and Ketchum, received, respectively,
fifty- seven and forty-one. Mr. Gould distributed large numbers of
Mackenzie's election address, one of which is preserved amongst
his papers, and is here given: —
To the Electors of the County of York :
Gentlemen, — I have the honour to inform you that it is my intention to
•come forward as a candidate at the next election of members to serve for our
County in the Provincial Parliament, and I most respectfully solicit your votes
4Uid support.
I have no end in view but the well-being of the people at large — no ambi-
tion to serve but that of contributing to the happiness and prosperity of oar
•common country. The influence and authority with which you may invest me
.shall always be directed according to the best of my judgment for the general
good, and it will be my care to uphold your rights to the utmost of my power,
with that firmness, moderation and perseverance which become the representa-
tive of a free people.
If honoured with your suffrages it will be alike my duty and my pleasure to
watch over the local interests of this great county, and to promote every public
limprovement and useful undertaking which shall be found conducive to your
prosperity and the general welfare.
I have ever been opposed to ecclesiastical domination ; it is at enmity with
-the free spirit of Christianity, and nations which have bowed to its yoke are
1i>ecome the dark abodes of ignorance and superstition, oppression and misery.
That corrupt, powerful and long-endured influence which has hitherto
interfered with your rights and liberties can only be overthrown by your
unanimity and zeal. An independent House of Assembly to Upper Canada
would be inestimable.
I have been a careful observer of the conduct of the people's representatives
in the Colonial Assemblies ; I have seen men in whom was placed the utmost
•confidence fall from their integrity and betray their sacred trust ; men, too,
who had entered upon their legislative duties with the best intentions towards
the people, and who evinced for a time a firm determination to support their
rights. But there are others who continue to maintain and uphold the interests
•of their country unshaken and undismayed, who consider it their highest honour
94 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
to persevere in a faithful discharge of their public duties, and ei^erly strive to-
deserve the good- will, the affection and the confidence of their fellow subjects.
Among this latter class I am desirous of being numbered, and unless I
shall be found deserting the cause of the people, I trust that the people will
never desert me.
Accept my sincere thanks for the abundant p]t>ofs of kindness and confi-
dence and for the liberal assurance of support with which you have honoured
me, and believe me, gentlemen.
Tour faithful and humble servant,
W. L. Mackenzie.
York, December 17, 1827.
Mackenzie was elected, and his return was secured mainly
through the activity and hard work of young Eeformers like Mr-
Gould,
At the general election in 1880, Mackenzie was again a candi-
date, and on the same side with him in the Beform interest wa&
Mr, Jesse Ketchum. The candidates of the official party were
Messrs. Washburn and Thorne. Again Mr. Gould worked heartily for
•his favourite, and with such good effect that both the Eeform can-
didates were elected by large majorities.
Mackenzie having been expelled the Assembly for an alleged
libel, his seat was declared vacant, and another election ordered.
In January, 1832, Mackenzie was again returned by an over-
whelming majority — his opponent, Mr. Street, receiving a very
inconsiderable number of votes. Mackenzie was expelled a second
time, and was also declared disqualified. Notwithstanding the dis-
qualification he again appealed to the electors of York at the new
election that had been ordered. The other candidates in this
contest were Small and Washburn. Mr. Gould took his usual
active part at the side of Mackenzie, and the latter was again
returned by an overwhelming vote of the electorate. In the
struggle that followed, between Mackenzie and the electors of York
on the one hand, and the ruling faction and Family Compact on the
other, who desired to exclude Mackenzie from a seat in the House,
Mr. Gould* was an active partisan on the Liberal side. Mackenzie
ELECTION REMINISCENCES. 9&
might be dragged from his seat in the House, and resolutions of
disqualification might be passed to prevent hiS election ; but again
and again was his cause taken up by Mr. Gould and his friends-
and Mackenzie sent back to the House. Even during Mackenzie's
absence in England, with the petitions for the redress of grievances
(1883-4), the mein of York stood by him and secured his re-election.
Mackenzie was expelled the House five times in all, and five time&
did Mr. Gould do successful battle for him in the county of York,
After the division of the county into four ridings, when Mackenzie
was defeated by E. W. Thomson, in the general election of 1836^
none felt the defeat more keenly than Joseph Gould. The scenes-
which he witnessed, and the work which he went through in all
these contests were ever afterwards remembered, and some of them
frequently described in a most entertaining manner. One incident
he was fond of recalling, which took place during the contest
between Lafontaine and Eoe for one of the ridings of York. Peter
Tyler, an old bachelor, son of old Major Tyler, a great Tory, waa
working hard for Eoe. The polling took place at Newmarket.
Peter was sent to Uxbridge to assist in the campaign and get out
all the votes he could. " But," says Mr. Gould, " I had forestalled
him and had most of the votes forwarded for the Eeform candidate
before his arrival. Peter was told that there was one freeholder
who had a deed of a lot beside my farm, that had not been brought
out, but that the voter lived in Brock, some eight miles away, that
the name, was Mary Doble, an Irishwoman, and that she had a^
good deed. In speaking of Mrs. Doble, I do so with every respect,
for she was a respectable woman and the mother of a respectable
family. Well, away went Peter in search of the old lady. He
found her out and managed to get heis into the waggon, with five
or six Orangemen, and started for Newmarket late in the after-
noon. Before they had got half way through the twelve miles of
unbroken forest, between Uxbridge and Newmarket, the axle of the
96 TRE LIFE AND TIMES OP JOSEPH GOULD.
waggon broke, and they were all dumped down on the road. There
they were obliged to camp all night. It so happened that three of
our young men — ^wide-awake young Eadicals from Sharon — ^who
had been out canvassing in Beach and Brock, came by that way
on horseback with several voters, and they overtook Peter with his
carload, just as the waggon had broken down. They asked them
if they were going to the election and who they intended to vote
for, and where the woman was going. She said she had as good a
deed as any of them, and that she was going to vote for Boe. Of
course they had a good laugh over the woman-voter that Peter was
taking to the poll, escorted by the Orangemen, and they rode off to
Newmarket, without attempting to give aid or comfort to the
enemy with the broken-down waggon. Mrs. Doble was met by one
of her neighbours before being taken to the poll, and upon his
assurance that women were not qualified to vote, she was induced
to turn back without exposing herself to further humiliation. But
Peter's predicament was long afterwards the subject of jokes and
fun at his expense, and from that out he was never seen at an
election contest." The Orangemen had long been a terror to the
peaceably disposed at elections, and, armed with bludgeons, and
sometimes with fire-arms, used to take possession of the polls, and
they subjected those who differed from them in opinion to all kinds
of ill-treatment.
Mr. Gould was upon one of those occasions attacked by four
red-hot Tories, who had previously threatened him with personal
violence; but he was prepared for them. He knocked down the
leader and the others fled. A warrant for his arrest was obtained
from Squire Bagshaw (his old enemy), and three constables were
sent to execute it. Mr. Gould heard of their coming towards his
house, and being, dubious of the kind of justice that would be meted
out to him, and acting on the advice of friends, he resolved upon
having a second magistrate to try the case. With this intention
• SCENES OF VIOLENCE.
97
he mounted a spirited horse that he kept ready saddled. The con-
stables tried to intercept him, and being armed, threatened to fire.
But he made a sudden dash; rode the party down, and got safely
away. He rode to Pickering and told his story to Squire Leys, who
agreed to ''sit on the case'* with Bagshaw and prevent injustice
being done. The result was the discharge of Mr. Gould, on pay-
ment of a nominal fine.
CHAPTEE XVin.
1837— Miflgovemment of Canada — The causes which led up to rebellion-^Mr. Gould's
statement of the case — Political excitemeiit— Position of Lower Canada— The power
of the Crown — ^The system culminating in rebellion — Upper Canada— Refusal to
redress grievances— The "Family Compact" — Mr. Gould's convictions— Ogle R.
Gowan and Orangeism — Estimate of Mackenzie— Bishop Strachan- Chief Justices
Robinson and Draper — Misrepresentation of Reformers in England — Irritation of the
people — Neglect and injustice — Causes of antagonism and revolt — Opposed to taking
up arms— Believed the trouble might have been > avoided— Statesmen wanted — Sir F.
Bond Head— Great expectations— Disappointed hopes— Tory action— Sir Francis
cajoled— He takes sides with the Tory party— His appointments — Mr. Baldwin — His
remonstrance — Ministerial responsibility — Resigpiation of Reform Ministers — Consti-
tutional fight — Sir Francis's views of his responsibility— Action of the Assembly —
Official insolence — Indignant citizens — "A Roland for an Oliver "—First low mutter-
ings of insurrection — Demand for Responsible Government.
THE history of the misgovernment of Canada, which led up to
the rebellion of 1837, is so well known to the average Cana-
dian reader as to be now regarded as an old story. It has been
already glanced at in these pages. Authors have printed their
opinions respecting it, from various points of view. Viewed from
Mr. Gould's standpoint the subject cannot be devoid of some for-
ther interest. He has, besides, a right to be heard in his own
defence. In what follows his personal narrative is given, and in
his own way as much as possible, and as far as is deemed consis-
tent with the scope of this work, without too much repetition. The
events recorded are taken altogether from the account which he has
left behind him. And only in this way — ^by letting him tell his own
story^ — can the motives by which he was actuated be fairly judged,
for the part taken by him in the events described.
From 1880 to 1887-8, both the Canadian Provinces were in a
state of ferment and continuous political excitement. Lower Canada
BAD SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT. 99
had her old Feudal Tenure system of holding land, imported from
despotic France; and her British constitution, imposed upon her
after the Conquest by General Wolfe. The latter was only a
cross between British freedom and French despotism, the former
arranged expressly to protect the latter. And whilst her popula-
tion was fully four-fifths of French origin, who had their French
laws, their French language, their Catholic religion, and their
nationality secured to them by the Treaty stipulations of 1768, —
yet they were governed by a Governor and an Executive Council,
appointed by the King during pleasure, and who were responsible
to him alone. Their legislation was controlled by a House of As-
sembly, elected by the people, and a Legislative Council, appointed
by the Crown for life, and responsible to no one. One cannot help
wondering that the authors of such a system should not have fore-
seen the dangers of constant clashing between such discordant
elements. With the power of the Crown so largely preponderating
over the popular branch, it was impossible that any harmony could
long subsist between legislative bodies so constituted. Crude and
absurd as it was, however, it seems to have lasted without much modi-
fication for a period of nearly seventy years, culminating at length
in open rebellion.
In Upper Canada political differences ran very high for the ten
years prior to 1837. Petitions upon petitions were sent to England
asking for the secularization of the Clergy Reserves, and for local,
self-government, but without effect. Delegates were sent to England
to plead the cause of Canada, but without avail ; the way to the
* throne was blocked by the Governor and by the Family Compact,
who kept their agents in England. My reading informed me of all
that was going on, and of what should have been the relative positions
of the governed and the governor under the British constitution.
I was firmly convinced that the demand of the people of Canada for
responsible government was only what was fair, just and reasonable
and should have been acceded to. And I never failed to speak ont[
loo THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
my sentiments in this respect when occasion called for it. I also
took my stand against Orangeism. When Ogle - B. Gowan was
establishing Orange lodges and became Grand Master, and was
getting up hostile demonstrations, not only against the Catholics,
but against the Beformers, I opposed the views of such oath-bound
secret societies. But the Orangemen were patronized by the Tory
party, and have ever since been used as their tools. .
When the petition signed by thirty thousand Canadians was sent
to England laying our grievances at the foot of the throne, I did
not shrink from saying that, just as was the demand, Mackenzie
was not the most likely man to succeed in getting what was asked
for. I admired the man and his noble advocacy of the cause of the
people ; but he was blunt and outspoken and had a stand-and-deliver
kind of a way that caused him to be an unsuitable negotiator.
Mackenzie was a great agitator and an honest opponent of all
jobbery and corruption, but he was very unyielding in his opinion.
He found opposed to him in England such men as Bishop Strachan,
Chief Justice Bobinson, and Chief Justice Draper, who lobbied
against him and obtained the ear of the British Government. They
represented the French and Upper Canadians as being all disloyal,
and as wishing to shake off their allegiance to Great Britain and
become annexed to the United States. The result was that our
petitions were thrown under the table, and were only unearthed
after Lord Durham had made his report.
The irritation of the people by this neglect and injustice, the
apparent indifference of the Home Government to all complaints
and representations, the outrageous exclusiveness and nepotism of
the governing faction, the powerless position of the Legislative
Assembly, and the irresponsible form of government, all combined,
must be a standing excuse for the unfortunate rebellion.
For myself, let me say that I was from my earliest recollection
driven into antagonism against the ruling powers in Canada. First,
by the action of the Government on the Alien Act. I saw my father
"THE FAMILY COMPACT," ETC. 101
deprived of his franchise under that infamous Act. He could
neither vote nor receive votes, although he had the necessary pro-
perty qualification and had worked hard for it. I saw the entire
government in the hands of a lot of political sharks, known as the
Family Compact. I saw an Executive Council ruling without
responsibility. Judges, and confidential salaried officers of the Crown
holding office, and expending the taxes raised from the people without
any accountability for their acts, and generally controlling the
legislation of the country. I saw, and could not fail to be influenced
bj the despotic tyranny, and the open corruption and bribery every-
where prevailing ; and I saw, with grief, the just remedy which the
people demanded, of responsible government, refused them. Tet I
did not believe in the extreme means resorted to, of open revolt. I
thought and believed that we might still be able to convince the
Home Government of the justice of our complaints without the last
resort of taking up arm&. And I certainly believe now that a
remedy would have been applied, and all the trouble would have
been avoided, had not the statesmen of England been misled by the
Tory Family Compact of Canada. Had England sent out to us a
statesman, such as Lord Durham, or Lord Elgin, at that time, when
they sent Sir Francis Bond Head, I do not believe there would have
been any rebellion. But instead of sending to Canada statesmen of
ability and capacity, who would have seen through the monstrous
working of the system imposed upon us, and who would have
assisted in imposing restraints upon, or getting rid of a grasping
oligarchy, they were constantly sending as our governors super-
annuated old military officers, or tenth-rate Poor Law Commis-
sioners, who knew nothing about the principles of popular govern-
ment, and had no sympathy with the people over whom they were
sent to rule.
Of this last class, and the man who brought on the crisis,
was Sir Francis Bond Head. He was an English Poor Law Com-
xnissioner, a weak wrong-headed man, whose government was even
S.02 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
worse than that of any of his predecessors. He was appointed
by the Whigs, then in power, and came out as a Eeformer, with a
flourish of trumpets, as the answer to the petitions carried home
by Mackenzie, and pledged to remedy all our grievances. He com-
menced his administration by dismissing one half of the Executive
Council, and appointing in their stead three leading Beformers,
namely : Messrs. Baldwin, Bolph and Dunn. It was also known
that he had instructions to appoint Mackenzie Postmaster-General,
and to elevate Bidwell to a Superior Court Judgeship ; and to
initiate and bring about many of the reforms asked for. This
change of policy, and the fact that Sir Francis was known to belong
to the Liberal side of politics, was received with great rejoicing by
Canadian Beformers. Public meetings were held and complimentary
and loyal addresses to the Oovemor passed, and promises of cordial
support given to assist him in his efforts to redress the grievances
of the people, and he was everywhere received with acclaim as a
tried and true Beformer and constitutional Governor. But those
rejoicings were doomed to be of short duration. The Tories were
at first quite shy of Sir Francis, and they petitioned the King
against the first act of his administration. They also made an
attempt at some public demonstrations against him. But the
shrewd Family Compact leaders soon found out his weak side.
They flattered him ; and, being a weak man, he soon succumbed to
their cajolery and blandishments. He turned his back upon his
Eeforu^ friends and went over to the Tories completely. He acted
with the latter quite privately at first. It was however, soon seen
by his acts, and the character of the appointments which he made,
what party was controlling the Administration. He made appoint-
ments to office without consulting his responsible advisers, and his
selections were, with very few exceptions, taken from the Tory
party. Sheriffs, magistrates, clerks of the peace, constables, etc.,
were appointed, not because of any qualifications they possessed for
their offices, but because they were noisy Tory shouters and elec-
REMONSTRANCES OF REFORM MINISTERS. lOS
tion canvassers. I have known magistrates to have been appointed
at that time who could not sign their names. And young men, and
even boys were appointed to office, and placed in the Commission of
the Peace, simply because they happened to be sons of the ruling
faction.
At first, Mr. Baldwin and his colleagues in the Government
remonstrated, and claimed the right to be consulted upon all ques-
tions affecting the administration of the affairs of the co^ntry.
They used strong and conclusive arguments to show that the claim
was based upon the foundation of the Provincial Charter, and com-
plained that they had incurred the odium of being held resjponsible
for measures which they had never advised, and for appointments
upon which they were not even consulted. And so far was popular
opinion in favour of ministerial responsibility, even then, that the
three Toty members of the Executive Council joined in the resigna-
tion of the Beform Ministers ; and all six united in an address to
the Governor insisting upon their constitutional right of being con-
sulted upon the affairs of the Province generally.
The Governor, upon the other hand, contended that he alone
was responsible, being liable to removal and impeachment for
misconduct, and that he was at liberty to have recourse to their
advice only when he required it. As to consulting them upon all
questions that he was called upon to decide he deemed it utterly
impossible, and out of the question. He attempted to sustain his
position by a reference to the charter and other instruments. The
House of Assembly charged him directly with misquoting and
garbling, and here ensued a hot, wordy war of windy paper-bulletins,
in which the Governor got the worst of it. His correspondence
with the House was mainly conspicuous for a total ignorance of the
working of the British Constitution, and how it should be applied
in our circumstances. It was also tinged with a haughty insolence
that was sure to irritate, where sound policy required that he
should have used all his influence to conciliate.
104 THE LIFE AND TDfES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
The author of the Life of '^William Lyon Mackenzie" suppliefi^
a remarkable sample of Sir Francis Bond Head's style in this way^
which is well worth reproducing : —
Sir Francis Bond Head having received an address, adopted
at a public meeting of the citizens of Toronto, assured them
that ''he should feel it his duty to reply to them with as
much attention as if it had proceeded from either branch of the
Legislature ; but that he should express himself in plainer and more-
homely language.''*
This was regarded as a slight by the " many-headed monster/^
and was resented with a bitterness that twenty years was too short
to eradicate. The manner of the Governor gave as much offence as
his words. He met the deputation, surrounded by a crowd of
military officers, and the members fancied that he pried impudently
into their faces as if he regarded them with a sort of curiosity that
one would have looked upon a collection of ourang-outangs. The
deputation left the presence of the Governor inspired with an
intense feeling of indignation at the insolent slight that he had
intentionally cast upon them, and determined to give him ''a
Boland for an Oliver," in the shape of a rejoinder. This wa&
prepared by Dr. Bolph and Dr. O'Grady, and for biting, cutting,
incisive sarcasm was a masterpiece. It was at the same time
poorly calculated to narrow the breach that was fast growing
wider between the Governor and the people's representatives in
Parliament. And as this rejoinder is described by Mr. Mackenzie
as the first low muttering of insurrection, and therefore is intended
to include one of the excuses for the Bebellion, I think I cannot do
better than copy Mr. Lindsey's version of it, which is as follows : —
" We thank Your Excellency," said the opening sentence, " for
replying to our address — ^principally from the industrious classes
of the city — ^with as much attention as if it had proceeded from
either branch of the Legislature ; and we are duly sensible in
receiving Your ^Excellency's reply of your great condescension in
A CHANGE DEMANDED. 105
endeavouring to express yourself in plainer and more homely
language; presumed by Your Excellency to be thereby brought
down to the lower level of our plainer and more homely under-
standings."
They then proceeded to explain the deplorable neglect of
education, by the maladministration of former governments, of
the endowment of King's College University, and the many attempts
of the representative chamber, baffled by the Crown-nominated
members of the Legislative Council, to apply three million acres of
Clergy Eeserve lands to the purposes of general education. " It
is," they added, " because we have been thus maltreated, neglected
and despised in our Educational and other interests, under the
system of government that has hitherto prevailed, that we are now
driven to insist upon a change, that cannot be for the worse."
The. change which they wanted to bring about was — cheap^
honest and responsible government.
The responsibility of the Governor to a Government four
thousand miles off, and guarded by a system of secret despatches,
like a system of espionage, which kept in utter darkness the very
guilt, the disclosure of which could only consummate real and
practical responsibility, had never, they said, saved a single martyr
to the executive displeasure.
All peaceful means appearing to be exhausted, Mackenzie went
on organizing his plan of political union of 'Beformers, regarding
revolution as the only means of relief.
-¥^0"^VO>^
.^^m
CHAPTER XIX.
Active measures— Mr. Grould not a willing participant— Oonfidenoe still in redress of
grievances by the Hdme Government— Unable to dissuade Mackenzie from his plans
— Taunted with cowardice — Remonstrances unheeded— Nothing left for him but join
his friends— Arrival at Montgomery's— State of things there — Mackenzie opening
mail*bags— No order or discipline— Precautions against surprise— Sets pickets, etc.-
" Captain ** Matthews— First attack on the city by the Don Bridge— The troops in
motion— The ** patriots " march against them — Struggle in the "bush "—Badly armed
—Hostilities commence — ^Play of the field-pidces — Destructive effect— " Captain "
Wideman killed— Others wounded— Montgomery's taken — ^The hotel set on fire —
"The day lost" — ^Dispersion of the patriots — Unable to get home— Takes to the
woods — Surrounded and captured— Taken to Toronto — Imprisoned in the Legislative
Council Chamber— Examination— Release — ^Marriage.
MB. GOULD was not a willing participant in the active
measures taken by Mackenzie which immediately followed.
He repeats, with some emphasis, that he had confidence that the
grievances complained of would be peacefully redressed by the
Home Government, and he tells us that he personally tried to
impress this conviction upon Mr. Mackenzie. '* I told Mackenzie
so," he says, " at StouflFville, one of his last secret meetings, only
a week before the attack on Toronto, but was unable to dissuade
him from his plans, and I was taunted with cowardice, because I
refused to give encouragement or approval to violent measures."
Again, he says :-^''0n the same day that the attack was to be
made, I found myself surrounded by about fifty of my friends from
Brock, Scott and Uxbridge, who insisted upon my going with
them. They refused to give heed to my remonstrances. They
claimed that I should be manifesting a great deal of cowardice if I
did not go with them after all I had said about the abuses we had
complained of and from which the country was suffering. I there-
THE "RISING." 107
fore went with them. They were determined to go, and there was
nothing else left for me, but to take my place amongst^them.
We arrived that evening at Montgomery's hotel, which was
Mackenzie's headquarters, two miles north of the city. Mackenzie
was then in the act of opening mail-bags and exhibiting their
contents. I found that there was no order or discipline ; that
there had been no picket-guards put out, and that the whole party
were liable to be surprised at any moment, and that probably
before morning they would be surrounded and cut off. Tired as I
was, after our long march, I determined to set pickets at once.
This I did, and had the guard relieved until morning."
" Next morning they sent Captain Matthews with a few men
<my brother Joel was one), to make a feint attack on Toronto, by
the way of the Don Bridge, on the east side, while the main body
was to make the attack on the north. But we had not got fairly
organized when a messenger was sent to us from Toronto to say
that the troops were marching up Yonge Street to attack us at
Montgomery's. We soon got under arms and started down Yonge
Street to meet them. The troops, however, turned to the west,
and made as though they wanted to get round the west side to
our rear. We hastened through the woods, climbing over dead
hemlock trees and through the underbrush, and rushed to head
them off. We had no arms but our rifles, and some had only rude
pikes and pitchforks. The troops, besides their muskets and plenty
of ammunition, had two small field pieces — one controlled by a
friend of ours, and the other by an enemy. The friend fired grape
shot, and fired over us into the tops of the trees, cutting off the
dead and dry limbs of the hemlocks, which falling thickly amongst
us scared the boys as much as if cannon balls had been rattling
around us. The other gun was fired low, and so careless that I did
not like it. One of the balls struck a sandbank by my feet and
filled my eyes with sand, nearly blinding me. Another struck one
of those dry hemlocks, scattering the bark and splinters about, and
108 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
into my face. Captain Wideman was killed on my left side, and
F. Shell was shot through the shoulder, to the left of the fallen
captain. But we got to the west of the troops. They then turned
and crossed to Yonge Street behind us. It was soon known that
Montgomery's hotel was on fire and that the day was lost."
'Such is the account left by Mr. Gould of his participation in
the rebellion of '37, and of the causes which influenced his action
in joining the ranks of the discontented.
Finding that "the day was," indeed, "lost," Mackenzie's undis-
ciplined host speedily dispersed in every direction, on the shortest
and quickest route to regain their homes. Mr. Gould and his
companions found themselves, he says, " on the wrong side of
Yonge Street to get home," without being intercepted by the
troops. So he " and some six or seven more took to the woods,
thinking to go into the woods and camp out, or go to the States, by
Hamilton, or cross home by the woody ridge, by way of Stouflfville,
and hide until we could go to the States." But they were sur-
rounded and captured in the woods. They had supposed them-
selves safe, and had built a camp-fire in a swamp, where the
whole party was discovered and captured. They were escorted to
Toronto with other prisoners.
Prisoners were made right and left and brought into the city*
The gaol was crammed with them; the courthouse was crowded;
so were the Parliament Buildings. Mr. Gould and his companions
were lodged in the Legislative Council chamber, the only quarters
that could be made available for their incarceration. And long
afterwards, it was one of his quiet jokes, when speaking of this
period of trouble, to refer to it, as the time when he first took his
seat in the Legislative Council ; or that his first seat in Parliament
was in the Legislative Council.
The principal land proprietors of Uxbridge were implicated in
the uprising. Amongst Mr. Gould's fellow-prisoners were Abranx
Anderson, J. P. Plank, Bartholemew Plank and others.
TRIED FOR HIGH TREASON. 109
After four or five weeks' confinement in the council chamber,
the prisoners were brought up for examination before Messrs. Jamie-
son, Jones, Gumett, Sullivan and W. B. Eobinson. Mr. Gould was
the first placed at the bar. He was questioned by Mr. Jamieson.
Mr. Gould gives the following account of his examination : —
Jamieson asked me where I lived. I told him I lived at Uxbridge.
^* What do you do for a living ?" he asked. I told him I had a saw-
mill. '^A sawmill!" he exclaimed, as if that was a strong reason
why I should not be there. "Yes, and a small farm, too,'* I added.
"What ! ^ flarm and a sawmill ! ' What more do you want ?" — ^was
iis next remark. " What more do you want that you should rebel ? "
he continued. "I want my political rights," I answered; "Why,"
said he, "you have got them now — quite enough for so young a
man as you are." I then had all our political grievances at the
tip of my tongue, and began a rehearsal of the most prominent of
them, when he stopped me.
After a pause he asked, "Do you believe all these complaints ?"
I answered that the evidence was plain enough, and that the
way the government of the country was administered was quite
enough to show that, and that the people were denied their rights.
He then turned on his heel, and told me — "You are a dangerous
fellow and you ought to be hung for believing and for spreading
your treason."
I could only reply — "I am in your power, you can act your
pleasure. I am neither afraid nor ashamed to express my senti-
ments."
He was then returned to prison.
Mr. Gould remained in custody until October, 1888, and having
petitioned under 1 Yic. cap. 10 (passed 6th March, 1888), he was
pardoned on giving security to keep the peace and be of good
behaviour for three years. He had a narrow escape from trans-
portation to Yan Diemen's Land, as he was one of those unhappy
prisoners singled out for penal servitude. The timely arrival of
110 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Lord Durham in Canada^ fortunately saved him from that fate*
His lordship arrived at Quebec on the 27th May, 1838, clothed
with extraordinary powers. One of his first acts was a proclama-
tion of amnesty to the political prisoners. Taking advantage of an
auspicious season — ^the day fixed for the coronation of the Queen —
he suddenly proclaimed a general amnesty of all political offences
committed during the recent troubles: making exception, however,
of the cases of eighty persons; but even in their regard an intima*
tion was made in the proclamation, that, after undergoing an exile
for unspecified periods, they might hope to be restored to their
country and homes as soon as the public safety would permit. There
were further excepted from final pardon the murderers of a British
subaltern officer, who was intercepted and slain while carrying des-
patches to his superiors at the outbreak of the late revolt. Of the eighty
persons designated for banishment, some were in prison and the
rest had fled abroad. The former were to be sent to Van Diemen's
Land or Bermuda, and retained as convicts usually are. The
Government having but a speculative power over the latter class of
accused parties, could only forbid their return to the colony — ^unless
by special permission — ^under severe penalties. This seemed to
be a sage and humane as well as an easy way of surmounting a
great difficulty. But unhappily, by ordaining the transportation of
accused persons to penal colonies without the accustomed forms of
law. Lord Durham became himself a violator of his country's laws,
and as he had many enemies in the British legislature, the occasion
was eagerly seized by the latter to denounce him personally, and
damage the credit of the Cabinet under whose instructions he acted.
By Canadians, and of course by those more immediately interested,
charged with sedition and rebellion, his lordship's act of grace was
most favourably regarded. It resulted in Lord Durham's resignation,
but it served to tranquillize the country, and it gave peaceful
security to the ''disaffected" or those to whom suspicion was
directed as such, by their "loyalist" neighbours.
MARRIAGE. Ill
Mr. Gould was not long in the enjoyment of freedom from his
prison bonds until he surrendered himself (a willing captive) to
the bonds of matrimony. Trusting, handsome Mary James
remained faithful to her plighted trotl^, and welcomed his release
from prison with open «xms. Their marriage was duly solemnized
on the first day of January, 1889. They were married by special
license by the Eevd. Mr. Stewart, Baptist minister, at the house of
their mutual friend, Mr. Eeid, corner of Queen and Yonge streets,
Toronto. His fond hopes were at last realized. Throughout all
his struggles and vicissitudes of fortune, he tells us, the hope of
such a realization was his guiding star, and the affectionate assur-
ances of his future wife his great support and comfort in all his
troubles.
And say, without our hopes, without our fears ;
Without the home that plighted love endears ;
Without the smile from partial beauty won,
O ! what were man? — a world without a sun !
Mrs. Gould survives her husband. She was born 14th October,
1816. For close on half a century of married life she was his
devoted helpmate and true friend and companion. And in making
ample provision for her future worldly comfort, Mr. Gould acknow-
ledged how much both he and their children were indebted to the
careful and economical habits, excellent management, and tender
training of the good and loving wife and mother.
CHAPTER XX.
Oonnty Ontario— Name— Extent— Boundariea— Face of the country— North and Sonth
Hidings— Parliamentary representation— The " Gerrymander "—West Ontario- Mr.
Greorge Wheler and Mr. J. D, Edgar — Municipal representation — ^Township, town
and village municipalities— County council-— United counties of Ontario, York and
Peel— Separation— Ontario constituted a new county— Proclamation— Provisional
County— Whitby the County Town.
THE name of the county of Onta«rio is derived from the smaUest
of the great lakes, whose waters wash its shores on the south,
and form the three harbours of Whitby, Pickering and Oshawa
within the county on the south. While the extreme breadth of
the county is only the width of two townships, or about eighteen
miles, the length extends northward a distance of about sixty-six
miles. The county of Ontario is bounded on the north by the
township of Morrison in the county of Simcoe, on the south by
Lake Ontario, on the east by the counties of Victoria and Durham,
and on the west by the county of York, Lakes Simcoe and
Gouchiching, and the Biver Severn, which also separates it from
the county of Simcoe.
The encroachments of the waters of Lake Simcoe on the west
and north-west reduce the width of the county to a single township
north of Brock — ^the average width thence being about eight miles,
and the narrowest point (about the 9th concession of Thorah)
extending but five miles across, from Lake Simcoe to the boundary
line of Victoria.
The general face of the county, in the south, is rolling, the soil
mostly a rich loamy clay. In the north, beyond the Bidges, which
cross the county about eleven miles from Lake Ontario, the land is
THE COUNTY OF ONTARIO. 113
more of a level character, the soil fertile, and with plenty of lime-
stone northward. The county is divided into two ridings. North
and South Ontario, each riding sending one member to the House
of Commons, and one each to the Local Legislature. The North
Biding is in the electoral division of Queen's and the South Biding
in King's Division. The limits of both ridings have been altered
for the purposes of Parliamentary representation, both by the
Dominion and Local Parliaments. And under what is commonly
known as the "Gerrymander Act" of Sir John Macdonald, a
portion of the western part of. the county has been detached for
the purpose of forming a new constituency, known as West
Ontario. An Uxbridge man, Mr. George Wheler, was the first
representative of this new constituency; it is now represented by
Mr. J. D. Edgar, the well-known Toronto barrister, in the House
of Commons.
The county proper, for municipal and judicial purposes, is
composed of the following municipalities: Bama, Mara, Thorah,
Brock, Scott, Uxbridge, Beach, Scugog, the town of Uxbridge, and
villages of Port Perry, Caunington and Beaverton in the north ;
Whitby, East Whitby and Pickering, and the towns of Whitby and
Oshawa in the south. These municipalities send thirty-five repre-
sentatives, composed of the reeves and deputies of each municipa-
lities, to the County Council. The North Biding has now an
aggregate of twenty representatives, and the municipalities of the
South Biding fifteen representatives.
Up to 1852, the county of Ontario was included in and formed
part of the county of York. Ontario did not obtain its separate
municipal existence as a county until the first of January, 1854.
By an Act of the Canadian Parliament, passed in 1851 (14th and
15th Victoria, cap. v.), which came into force on the first day of
January, 1852, the old county of York was divided into three
counties, viz.: Ontario, York and Peel — ^the union of the three
counties, for municipal purposes, continuing until the first of
114 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
January, 1854, when Ontario left; the union, and commenoed house-
keeping on her own account.
The following is the proclamation made under the Act, and by
which the then village of Whitby is erected into the County Town
of the new county: —
PEOCLAMATION.
Victoria, by the Grace of Gk)d, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., etc.
To all to whom these presents shall come — Greeting :
W. B. Richards, J Whbrbas, under and by virtue of the power and authority
Attorney Genl. ( contained in an Act of Parliament of Our Province of
Canada, passed in the Session thereof, held in the fifteenth year of Our
Reign, intituled "An Act to make certain alterations in the Territorial
Divisions of Upper Canada," Our Governor in Council of Our said Province
hath resolved that a Proclamation under the Great Seal of Our said Province
should be prepared, naming the Village of Whitby as a place within the
County of Ontario, in Our said Province, for a County Town, and erecting
the Town Reeves and Deputy Town Reeves of the said Coimty of Ontario
into a Provisional Municipal Council for the said County, as provided by
the fourth section of the Act, and directinjg that the first meeting of such
Provisional Municipal Council should be held in the said Village of Whitby,
on Monday the third day of May next after the teste of this Our Procla-
mation. And whereas Our said Governor in Council hath ordered that
such Proclamation should issue and bear teste on the eleventh day of this
present month of March : Now know ye that having taken into Our Royal
consideration the Resolution so come to by Our said Governor in Council
and fully approving of the same, we do this by Our Royal Proclamation,
and in the exercise of the powers in us vested in this behalf by the said
Act, or otherwise however, declare, ordain, proclaim and appoint the said
Village of Whitby as the place within the said County of Ontario for
County Town, and we do hereby in further pursuance of the said powers
erect the Town Reeves and Deputy Town Reeves of the said County of
Ontario, at the teste of this Our Proclamation elected, or thereafter to
ba elected for the same, into a Provisional Municipal Council for such
PROCLAMATION — THE COUNTY TOWN. 115
County, and declare such Municipal Council a Provisional Municipal
Council under the authority of the Act passed in the twelfth year of Our
Eeign, intituled " An Act for abolishing the Territorial Division of Upper
Canada, into Districts and for providing for temporary unions of counties
for judicial and other purposes, and for the future dissolution of such unions
as the increase of wealth and population may require," until the dissolution,
of the said County of Ontario with the Counties of York and Peel in Our
said Province. Aad we do hereby further order, proclaim, ordain and
direct, that the first meeting of the said Provisional Municipal Council for
the said County of Ontario shall be held in the said Village of Whitby on
Monday, the third day of May following the date of this Our Proclamation ;
of all which premises all Our loving subjects, and all others whom it doth or *
may in anywise concern, are hereby required to take notice and govern
themselves accordingly.
In Testimony Whereof, we have caused these Our Letters to be made
Patent, and the Great Seal of Our said Province of Canada to be
hereunto affixed : Witness, Our Eight Trusty and Eight Well-beloved
Cousin, James Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, Knight of the Most
Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle, Governor General of
British North America, and Captain General and Governor in Chief in
and over Our Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and
the Island of Prince Edward, and Vice-Admiral of the same, etc., etc.,
at Quebec, in Our said JProvince, this eleventh day of March, in the
year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, and the
fifteenth year of Our Eeign.
By Command,
A. N. MoRiN, Secretary.
CHAPTEE XXI.
Ancient diviaions of the Province— The act of 1788— New districts— Early settlement—
U. E. L.'s.— American patriots— First county Etettlers— 1794— Benjamin Wilson—
Raiding Indians— Wilson's provisions looted— The frightened family move on— A
friendly chief — ^Provisions restored — A peace belt— Friendship with the Chippaway
band— The first Farewells— Sergeant Cranford— Settlement of the Farewells-
Trading with the Indians— The murder of John Sharp— Eleazir Lockwood—
0-go-ton-og-cut— Colonel Givins— Arrest of the murdereiv-Toronto Island— Question
of jurisdiction— Prisoner to be tried in the Newcastle District— Loss of the schooner
Speedy, with judge, crown prosecutor, prisoner, constables, witnesses and all on
board— Solicitor-General De Grey — His will — Manumission of and provision for his
slaves.
AFTER the Conquest in 1760, when Canada passed nnder
British rule, the Province was divided into districts. These
district-divisions were extended in 1788 under the following
proclamation : —
PROCLAMATION.
Gbobgb III., by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France and
Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and so forth.
To all Our Loving Subjects, whom these presents may concern, greeting :
Whereas Our Province of Quebec stands at present divided only into two
Districts, and by virtue of two certain Acts or Ordinances, the one passed
by Our Governor and Legislative Council in the twenty-seventh year of Our
Reign, and the other in the present year, provision is made for forming and
organizing one or more new Districts : Now, therefore, know ye, that Our
Governor of Our said Provinces, and in pursuances of the Acts and Ordin-
ances, hath formed, and doth hereby form the several new Districts herein-
after described and named, to wit : The District of Lunenburg bounded on
the east )yj the eastern limit of a tract lately called or known by the name
of Lancaster, protracted northerly and southerly as far as Our said Province
extends, and bounded westerly by a north and south line, intersecting the
OLD DISTRICTS. 117
mouth of the River Gananoque, now called the River Thames, about the rifts
of the Saint Lawrence, and extending southerly and northerly to the limits of
Our said Provin'ce, therein comprehending the several towns or tracts called
or known by the names of Lancaster, Charlottenburg, Cornwall, Osnabruck,
Williamsburg, Matilda, Edwardsburg, Augusta and Elizabethtown ; and
also one other District to be called Trent, discharging itself from the west
into the head of the Bay of Quinty, and therein comprehending the
several Towns or Tracts called or known by the names of Pittsburg, Kings-
town, Emestown, Fredericksburg, Adolphustown, Marysburg, Sophiasburg,
Ameliasburg, Sydney, Thurlow, Richmond and Camden ; and also one of
the Districts to be called the District of Nassau, extending from the north
and south bounds of Our said Province, from the western limit of the last
mentioned District, so far westerly as to the north and south line, intersect-
ing the extreme projection of Long Point into the Lake Erie on the northerly
side of the said Lake Erie ; and also one other District to be called the Dis-
trict of Hesse, which is to comprehend all the residue of Our said Province
in the western or inland parts thereof, of the entire breadth thereof from
the southerly to the northerly boundary of the same ; and also one other
District to be called the District of Gaspe, and to comprehend all that part
of Our said Province on the southerly side of Saint Lawrence to the east-
ward of a north and south line, intersecting the north-easterly side of Cape
Cat, which is on the southerly side of the said river; of which all Our
Loving Subjects are to take due notice and govern themselves accordingly.
In Testimony Whereof, we have caused these Our letters to be made
patent, and the Great Seal of Our said Province to be hereunto afl&xed.
Witness Our Trusty and Well-beloved Guy Lord Dorchester, Captain
General and Governor in Chief of Our said Province, at Our Castle of
Saint Lewis, in Our City of Quebec, the twenty-fourth day of July, in
the year of Our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, and
of Our Reign the twenty-eighth. George Pownall,
Secretary.
At the end of the Bevolutionary War many families who had
settled in the States, and remained true to British connec-
tion, were persecuted by the triumphant insurgents for their
loyalty. There was a general confiscation of their possessions and
they were driven to seek a home elsewhere. Numbers of the
118 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
refugees settled in Canada after undergoing terrible hardships.
Other Americans sought a home under the British flag from less
patriotic motives. They discovered the "sunny spots" along
the north shore of Lake Ontario, found that the soil was good,
drew their 200 or 400 acres of land, and the three-years' rations,
(then supplied pioneer settlers), from the nearest fort or garrison.
And this class of settlers had no objection whatever to be classed
as U. E. L.'s, notwithstanding that their sympathies were altogether
with the "patriots." They became excellent settlers, and they
throve on the virgin soil of Canada. Not a few of this class entered
and took up their abode in the county of Ontario during the years
of calm which succeeded, and have been erroneously claimed as
persecuted U. E. L.'s. They, however, in the course of time, and
their families became good British subjects, and at this distance of
time, it would be a difficult, as well as an unnecessary and
ungracious task to point out who were the real and who the pre-
tended "loyalists," who had found out that they were likely to fare
better under the proclamation of Governor Simcoe, with the dis-
banded soldiers and loyalists, than in the struggle for a home in
Uncle Sam's dominions.
The first settlers took possession of the most tempting and
accessible spots along the Lake shore. In this way, Whitby and
Pickering, the two front townships of the county of Ontario, were
first entered. The family of Benjamin Wilson (claiming to be a
U.E.L.), the first known settlers in the county, entered the town-
ship of Whitby in 1794. Wilson was a Vermonter, and was born in
the town of Putney, in the "Green Mountain State." For a couple
of years they had no other near neighbour than the Indians — and
the latter appear to have been somewhat troublesome at first. The
first year a band of Chippaways swooped down upon the lone white
settlement, and carried off the whole year's provisions which had
been supplied the family by the Government. The frightened
family fled in terror from their little settlement, stopping at a point
INDIANS — EARLY SETTLERS. 119
further down the Lake^ afterwards called Barber's Greek, in Dar-
lington. The chief of the tribe, named WabokisheeS, had been
absent when the settler's shanty was looted, and on his return was
yery angry at what had happened. He compelled the Indians to
give back all the provisions that were left, and to make ample pay-
ment, in fars, to the Wilsons for such portion as had been consumed.
This chief also gave Wilson a belt of wampum as a ''peace belt,"
to hang up in his shanty, telling the white settler that thereafter,
as long as the belt was kept in sight, there need be no apprehension
of trouble from the Indians. After that the Indians became most
friendly, and brought the white family plentiful supplies of fish and
Tenison.
The settlement of the Farewells is another of the earliest traceable,
'and there is somewhat of a little spice of romance about it. A.
Moody Farewell and his brother, William, were the sons of a widow
who came with her two boys from Qswego to Niagara, where she
settled down in the time of Governor Simcoe. There she contracted
a second marriage with Sergeant Granford, of the Queen's Bangers,
and at the time of the removal from Niagara to Tork, in 1796^
<^ame with her husband to the latter place. Granford got 400 acres
of land and the ferry at the Humber. But it appears that, with a
soldier's want of thrift, characteristic of the time, he permitted what
would have been a splendid competence to slip through his hands
without realizing any substantial benefit from his good fortune.
About the beginning of the century, the two Farewell boys
started in a canoe from Tork down along the lake shore — literally
** paddling their own canoe" — ^in order to spy out a place of
settlement for themselves. They landed at the mouth of the
Oshawa Greek. And there they took up and settled upon the
land, where they made a home and afterwards lived for so many
years, and on which their descendants still reside. A. Moody
Farewell was the father of Mr. Abraham Farewell, ex-M.PP., who
is still living, and the ancestor of the numerous family of the
120 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Farewells of Harmony. The frame house, built by Mr. Abraham
Farewell, still standing at the latter place, was raised on the day
of the declaration of war between England and the United States
in 1812. Old Mr. Moody Farewell used to relate how he was
frequently chased by wolves along the front road, and especially at
the Cedar Swamp near Bartlett's, between Whitby and Oshawa,
in those early days. Up to 1804, there was no house between
Ffi^reweU's, east of Oshawa, and Lynd's, at Lynd's Creek, west of
the present town of Whitby.
The Farewell brothers, in addition to their farming operations,
engaged, as most settlers did at the time, in hunting and trapping,
disposing of the furs secured by them at York. About two years
after their settlement, the brothers went out to Lake Scugog to
trade with the Indians for furs. They left a man named John
Sharp in charge of the camp while they proceeded up the Scugog-
On their return they found the unfortunate Sharp murdered, his
skull having been smashed in with a club. They quickly left the
spot, and hastened back to their settlement. They told the story
of the murder to Eleazir Lockwood, then just settled on the lake
shore, and who afterwards (in 1802) became collector for the
townships of Whitby and Pickering, as portions of the JHome
District. Lockwood stated that he had noticed the Indians
camped on the shore, on their way to Toronto, a day or two* pre-
viously; some of them, he said, were intoxicated, and it was
dangerous venturing near them. One of them, whom he knew, &
desperate "brave," named 0-go-ton-og-cut, was very demonstra-
tive, and went through all the motions, showing how he had killed
poor Sharp. This performance was watched by Lockwood from &
distance. Having got hold of the story of the murder and a clue
to the murderer in this way, Lockwood started for York after the
Indians. He gave information to Col. Givins, the Indian Superin-
tendent. The band of Indians were found encamped on the island
outside York. A warrant was issued, a sergeant and guard pro»-
LOSS OF THE "SPEEDY." ift
cured and the murderer arrested, having been quietly given up by
the same chief who compelled the restoration of Wilson's goods.
Counsel was assigned to the Indian, and on the trial at Tork he
successfully raised the question of jurisdiction. The question was
as to whether the crime had been committed within the Home^
District or the Newcastle District. The formation of the new
districts had only a short time previously taken place. It was
decided that the locality of the murder was within the Newcastle
District, and that the prisoner should be tried at Newcastle. Thi&
Newcastle was at Presqu' Isle, near the Carrying Place, in the
present county of Northumberland, at which a courthouse had
been located. A schooner, The Speedy, had been provided, on
which were embarked the judge. Judge Cochran, Mr. A. Mac-
Donell, Sheriff, the Indian prisoner, constables, witnesses. Crown
prosecutor, and others connected with the trial, or having business
before the court. The schooner left Tork in fine calm weather
with all on board well. Sad to say, she never arrived at her
destination ! The ill-fated vessel is supposed to have foundered,
and all on board were lost !
The court was kept adjourning from day to day in the vain
hope of the appearance of the prisoner and those on board with
him, until all hope of the safety of the vessel was abandoned.
Moody Farewell and Eleazir Lockwood went down to the beach ta
board the schooner, but they missed the passing boat — their
tardiness in' this instance saving them from a watery grave.
Amongst those on board was the Solicitor-General for Upper
Canada, Bobert Isaac De Grey.
By the will of Solicitor-General De Grey, dated 1808, he devises
200 acres, lot No. 11, 1st concession of Whitby, to " his slave
servant, Simon, and his heirs for ever ; and to his * other black
servant, John, 200 acres, lot 17 in the 2nd concession, Whitby.*"
Another provision of the will runs as follows : " I feel it a duty
incumbent on me, in consequence of the long and faithful services
122 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
of Dorinda, my black woman-servant, rendered to my family, to
release, manumit and discharge her and all her children from the
state of slavery in which she now is, and to give her and all her
children their freedom. My will therefore is that she be released ;
and I hereby accordingly release, manumit and discharge the said
Dorinda, and all and every one of her said children, both male and
female, from slavery, and declare them and every of them to be
free. And in order that provision may be made for the support of
the said Dorinda and her children, and that she may not want
after my decease, my will is, and I hereby empower my executors,
out of my real estate to raise the sum of twelve hundred pounds
<)urrency, and place the same in some solvent and secure fund, and
the interest accruing from the same, I give and bequeath to the
said Dorinda, her heirs and assigns for ever, to be paid annually."
The black servant-men are also freed by the testator. Accord-
ing to this, it would appear that slavery existed in Canada as late
as 1803, and that the two lots of land in the township of Whitby,
mentioned in the will, were originally devised to manumitted slaves.
Slavery was abolished by law in Upper Canada in 1798 — a fact
^hich of course must have been well known to the Solicitor-General.
But it may be conjectured that he wished to place the right of his
former slaves to hold real property beyond all doubt, by the terms
of his will.
CHAPTER XXn.
Barnes of early front settlers — First surveys — Whitby and Pickering one district
mnnicipaUty— Old mnnicipal records — Extracts from minute book— Names ef first
township officers — Gnrious by-laws— Great plenty of game and fish— Salmon caught
with pitchforks—Chased by wolves— Jabez Lynde— His house— 1803— First school in
Whitby— Early immigrants-" The Irishmen "— ** The Scotchmen "—"The English-
men "—How distinguished— New arrivals — Gradual settlement — Names of settlers,
1811—1820—1822—1829 to 1833— Old Baptist Church— Place for meetings— The Old
Kirk built— Local gatherings— Consumption of whiskey— Division of the township-
Area, assessment, valuation, etc. — ^Villages, etc
THE names of the earliest recorded settlers along the lake shore
are those of Wilson, Farewell, Lockwood, McGahen, Ean-
som. Majors, Wilson, Knight, Shales, Stiles, Cranford, Bummer-
feld, Munger, Lloyd, Marvin. These occur in fragmentary records
of the townships of Whitby and Pickering from 1801 to 1808. The
Burks, Trulls and Gonats had previously, in 1794, settled on
Barber's Greek, now Darlington. Mr. Lovekin, an Irishman,
settled in the adjoining township of Glarke, in 1795.
Whitby and Pickering, the two front townships of the county,
were first surveyed part in 1791, and the remainder surveyed and
laid out in 1795. The earliest record of township matters begins
with 1801. There is an old municipal book extant, the first date in
which is 4th June, 1801, giving the marks of cattle, sheep and
hogs, '' belonging to the inhabitants of Pickering and Whitby."
The following extracts are given from the recorded minutes — ^the
original orthography being retained: —
**A record of a meeting for ehtieing the Town Officers cmd othbr Reg'tda-
w
tars for the towns of Pickeri/ng and WhUby, held (U the house of Samuel
Mwnger in Pickering — March 7th day^ 1803,*^
Ebsnbzbr Ransom, Tovm Clerk,
John Majors, \ .
Elbazir Lockwood,/'****^*^''*"
Anthony Rummbrpibld,"! rr nr ^
Adam STBPHBN8, ' jTotcn Warden,.
David Stephens, Collector,
Samuel Mungbr, \
Matthew Dewillgbr, I
John McGahen, }Pathmasters.
Wm. Peck,
David Crawford, )
David Lloyd, 1 ™
Abraham Towsend,)^"*"''**^''
Silas Marvin, Poundkeeper,
" A voted cal'd and passed that no Hogg shall be free comener Except
they will wey more than Forty Vt."
"Voted that no fence be Lawful except it mea sure 4 J Feet high and
two feet at the bottom the Rails not to be more than 4 inches a part.
Meeting closed until warned again."
** Received of Mr. E. Lock wood, Collector of the townships of Pickering
and Whitby for the year 1802, Five pounds 19s. Halifax Currency being
in fxill Accruing to the Assessment Roal for that year Returned,"
"£5, 19sh.
''York, 18th AprU, 1803:'
" Wm. Allan, \ h D
Treasurer,)
Whitby and Pickering would appeax to have been united in the
Home District at this date.
The names of Woodruff, Carr, Brisbin, Smith, Lynde are name&
of old settlers which occur in the old township records previous
to 1812.
Jabez Lynde settled on the Greek, still known by bis name^
immediately west of the town of Whitby, in 1804. Splendid salmon
were caught in the same creek in those early days. It was a usual
EARLF SETTLERS — ^WHITBY. 125
•
method to kill the fish with a pitchfork from a log stretched across
the creek. Deer were plentiful, and were frequently chased by
wolves up to the door of the dwelling. Instances were mentioned
by the old settlers of the hunted animals running into );he little
shanty dwellings along the creek for safety. Mr. Lynde was
employed by the Government to forward despatches between York
and Kingston; he also made purchases for the Government Com-
missariat. When his house — ^the present residence of Miss Lynde
at the creek was built — it was considered the best dwelling between
Kingston and Toronto. It was a stopping place for the troops on
their marches, and appears to have been used as an hostelry. Dan
Smith and a man named Quick lived on the lake shore of Whitby
in 1808. A Miss Gross kept the first school in a little log hut
opposite Nightingale's, now Mr. William Blair's farm. In 1811
Mr. Samuel Cochrane settled on the old Cochrane homestead; he
was out in the War of 1812, and enjoyed a pension up to the time of
his decease a few years ago. Mr. Cochrane came from Vermont,
but was of Irish descent. John Hyland, John B. Warren and
William Warren, Lawrence Hayden and O'Callaghan Holmes were
all Irishmen who settled in the township of Whitby between 1.812
and 1820. "Squire" Armstrong and "Dr." Still were their neigh-
bours. The only post ofl&ce on the front road next to Toronto was
then at Hamer's Corners, then' called Crawford's Corners, where
Mr. John Spurrill now lives. The nearest doctor lived at Toronto.
The Warrens commenced storekeeping in 1823 at Hamer's Corners,
and kept the first post office. Theirs was the only store between
Port Hope and Toronto at that time. The Warrens were called
**The Irishmen," two Scotchmen, brothers named McGregor, were
called "the Scotchmen," and the two Huggins brothers, "the
Englishmen." Land of the best quality in the township and along
the front road could then be bought at $4 and $5 an acre. There
were no settlers farther back than the 8rd concession. Mr. Law-
rence Hayden kept a store for ten or a dozen years on the front
126 THE liIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
road before moving to Toronto. The Warrens built the gristmills
at Oshawa. William Warren held the office of Collector of Customs
at Whitby for many years ; he died a few months ago at a very
advanced age. The Deharts and Mackies were early settlers, as
were also the families of Hodge, Colley, Stevens, Pickell, Hall,.
McGregor, McGill, Hull, Trull, Henry, Dullea, Annes, Howard^
Corneille, Boss, Bartlett, Skae, Wood, Nicols, Taylor, Crawford^
Griffin, Losie and Farquharson. .
James Hall settled on the lake shore in 1820. Ezra Annes was
an earlier arrival, and was at first a clerk for Losie who kept a
small store. Losie became embarrassed, and his estate was pur-
chased by Ezra Annes. The latter became an active magistrate
and raised a large family. Mr. Fred. Howard Annes, his grandson,
now owns the old family homestead. George McGill, who settled
in 1822, was a native of Wigton, but came from Paisley, Scotland,
to Canada, and penetrated the woods as far back as the 3rd con*
cession to make a homestead. He was the father of Dr. William
McGill, ex-M.PP., of Oshawa, and of Col. John McGill. The old
gentleman lived to see his ninety-seventh year.
Joseph Goreham built a fulling and carding mill south of the
present town of Oshawa; and previous to that Moody Farewell
built a mill and small distillery on the Little Creek.
John Gibbs settled in what is now South Oshawa, in 1829, and
in conjunction with his brother Thomas bought the mills known as
the South Oshawa Mills. The latter was the father of Hon. T. N.
Gibbs and of William H. Gibbs, who for a number of years were
extensively engaged in business in Oshawa, and both of whom
represented the two ridings of North and South Ontario in the
Dominion Parliament — T. N. Gibbs becoming a cabinet minister in
the Government of Sir John Macdonald. Old Mr. Gibbs was an
Englishman from Devonshire.
Dr. Lowe became a resident of Whitby in 1828. Dr. Hunter
was cotemporary with him. Both gentlemen were subsequently
EABLT SETTLERS — ^WHITBY. 127
prominent, at opposite sides, in the. rebellion, of 1837. Dr. Lowe
commanded a company of the volunteer militia, and was " hot "
after the '' rebels." Dr. Hunter was arrested and kept a prisoner
for some time, and was afterwards discharged after examination
before the commissioners.
William Dow settled on the farm known as " Glendhu " (still
owned by his grandson W. H. Dow), in the 3rd concession, in 1883^
He came from Banffshire, Scotland, landing in Quebec with hi^
family in August; 1832. From Quebec they went to the Eastern
Townships, remaining at Stanstead until the February following.
. Thence, with three teams of six horses, they came up through
the State of New York, crossing the ice at Ogdensburg, and arrived
at Whitby in the beginning of March, 1833. Mr. Dow was one of
the foremost agriculturists o^ his day, and led the way in agri-
cultural improvements in the county. He joined with Francis
Leys, of Pickering (mentioned elsewhere), in importing the first
bull. Mr. Dow had a large family of sons and daughters, whose
numerous descendants occupy respectable positions. The only
surviving son is Mr. Thomas Dow, manager of the Western Bank
at Whitby, now well up in years, and justly well esteemed by his
friends and neighbours, amongst whom he has lived from his boy-
hood. The late Dr. Foote was married to one of the daughters,
Mr. Hugh Miller, J.P., of Toronto, married another. John Ball
Dow, barrister, of Whitby, also represents the family as a grandson
of the first settler.
William Gordon, of Bayside, who died a few years ago, was
another highly respected old settler on the lake shore of the old
township of Whitby. He was father of Adam Gordon, late M.P,
for North Ontario, of William Gordon, merchant, Toronto, J. K,
Gordon, barrister, Whitby, and has left numerous descendants.
George McGillivray, of Inverlynn, west of the town of Whitby,
is another very old settler. He came from Fergus, Scotland, some
fifty-five years ago, and engaged in farming in Whitby. He married
128 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSfiPH GOULD.
it daughter of Mr. Charles Pothergill, editor of the Weekly Register.
Mr.'Fothergill sat in the Provincial Parliament in 1882 as member
for Northumberland, and took an active part in the politics of the
day. He was deprived of the office of King's printer for giving
expression to his liberal and independent opinions. It was he who
first originated the law establishing agricultural societies. He
published the " York Calendar *' and " Eoyal Almanac " for several
years. He was also an eminent naturalist. Mr. John Pothergill,
of Whitby, his grandson, now represents the family name. Mr.
und Mrs. McGillivray have a numerous family of sons and
daughters, and are still hale and hearty though advanced in years.
Mr. John A. McGillivray, barrister, of Uxbridge, and the opponent
of Mr. Isaac Gould in the late Provincial elections contest, is one
of the sons.
The Tweedies, Farquharsons, Howards, Campbells, of Brooklin,
Drydens, the families of Betts, Delong, Fisher, Lamon, Heron,
Blair, Burns, Michael, Spencer, Anderson, Calder, Ogston, Jeffrey,
Thomson, Martin, Starr, were all early settlers of the township of
Whitby long before the agitation for the setting oflf of the new
county. John Dryden, the member for South Ontario in the
Legislative Assembly, worthily represents the family name. He
lives on the old homestead first settled by his father in 1826, on
the 7th concession. His splendid property, known as Maple Shade
Farm, comprising some six hundred acres, is one of the finest and
best cultivated farms in the Province.
In those early days the kirk, btiilt on Starr's Hill, between
Whitby and Oshawa, accommodated all the residents of the old
township, including the villages of Whitby and Oshawa, as a place
of worship. Previous to that a little frame building, known as the
Baptist Church, was the place in which all township meetings and
public gatherings were held. An old resident says that after these
meetings, and at all raisings and logging-bees, there was much
drinking indulged in. Whiskey was the liquor invariably produced
DIVISION OF TOWNSHIP — EAST WHITBY. 129
upon such occasions, and was consumed in large quantities. It was
sold at from twenty to twenty-five cents a gallon, and was often
indulged in to a deplorable extent.
The old township was divided into two separate municipalities
in 1857 — ^the eastern division being since known as the township
of East Whitby, while the western part retained the old appellation
of the township of Whitby. The area of the present township is
31,660 acres, all good farming land. Valuation, $1,781,992.
The principal villages are Brooklin, Ashburn and Myrtle.
CHAPTER XXIII.
East Whitby— Area, population, assesRed value —Number of ratepayers on roll — First
settlers— First grristmill— Sawmills— First road made — Helps settlement — 1831—
Immigrants— Successful farmers— Their descendants — Oshawa Creek— Mills — Local
market — Growth of settlement — Mr. Wright— His mare the only available horse —
His ox-cart — A kind neighbour— Villages.
THE township of East Whitby embraces an area of 34,700 acres;
population about 3,400. According to last returns the assessed
value was $1,809,000; number of ratepayers on assessment roll
over 800. The first early settlers selected the land along the Beach
Eoad, br Simcoe Street. They were the families of Dearborn,
Eatcliffe, Widdifield, Kerr, Masson, Jameyson. Farther north, in
the vicinity of Columbus, or English's Corners, as the village was
formerly called, were the families of Wilcockson, Harper, Ashton,
Adams, Webster, Carey; and still further back the Smiths,
Hodgson, Fisher and Harnden. The latter built the first gristmill
on the stream near the Bidges. It was a curiosity in its way — ^the
bed-stone being an upright concave, and the moving-stone in the
form of a grindstone working in the cavity. The same stream was
utilized in several places to operate sawmills — there being, at that
time, quite a sprinkling of white pine on the Bidges.
On the extreme east of the township the Government cutout
one of the road allowances, two rods wide, as far back as the rear
of the 6th concession, in 1831, and nearly all that section of the
township was settled in that and the following year ot two. The
ancestors of the families of Wright, Gould, Pickle, Beggs, Gilford,
Pascoe, Luke, Ormiston, Gregg, Hutchinson, Graham, Stephens,
Millar, Batcliff, Campbell, Maltman, Hyland, Howden were all first
OLD SETTLERS — EAST WHITBY. 131
settlers in the bush in this neighbourhood. Most of those named
were successful farmers, and the land reclaimed by them from the
forest continues in great part in the hands of their descendants.
John Harper was the first settler to erect a sawmill on the east
branch of the Oshawa Creek. Luke and Pascoe, Ray, Campbell and
others afterwards used the same stream — Ray being the first to
erect a gristmill on the spot now occupied by J. Goodman. This
and the gristmill, put up some time later by W. H. Gibbs, half a
mile east of Columbus, on the other branch of the Oshawa Creek —
and where the first local market for wheat was established — were a
a great boon to the young settlement, which quickly grew and
expanded on the first-class land with which the whole locality is
favoured. Pew of the old pioneers could afford to keep a horse
during the first years of occupation. Mr. Wright was an exception ;
and to him many of the early settlers were obliged to have recourse for
the use of his mare to carry a grist to the mill on a pinch. Indeed,
we are told, that the mare was always at the service of a neighbour
whenever required upon an emergency. An ox-cart belonging to
the same neighbourly old gentleman was for a long time the only
vehicle in the settlement. It was never refused to a neighbour. If
a neighbour wanted to borrow it, and it had not then been returned
by the previous borrower, Mr. Wright would say : — " I have an ox-
cart somewhere ; if you can find it take it ; but for long spells I
only see it when passing on the road behind somebody's oxen."
The old gentleman, very far advanced in years, was still living, at
Harriston, up to a few years ago.
The principal villages in the township are Columbus, Raglan,
Cedar Dale, Foley and Harmony.
CHAPTEE XXIV.
Pickering? — Character of soil, area, population, assessed valne, etc. — Villages — First
settlers— Old records— Early township officers— 1800— 1810— Settlers— 1811— 1816—
1816— 1820— 1821— Settlers, 1826 to 1836— Squire Leys-Squire Birrell— Court of
Requests— Fothergill — McKay— Old Brock Road settlement— Demorest's sawmill-
Other grist and sawmills — Kinsale settlement— Captain Macaulay - Want of roads —
Immigrants of '32 and '34 — The Millers, Joneses, etc. — Thompson's tavern — ^Township
meetings — Specimen by-laws— 1836 — 1837— Peter Matthews — Settlers up to 1846 —
First township library— Hector Beaton— Truman White— Dr. Tucker— Magistrates'^
court— Anecdote of Squires Birrell and Green.
PAET of the record of the old township of Whitby also belongs
to Pickering. Like Whitby it is a fine, fruitful, well-tilled,
well-farmed and well-settled township ; the character of the soil a
loamy clay, and the face of the country well watered. It embraces
an area of 74,660 acres ; Population, 7,375 ; number of ratepayers,
nearly 2,000. Total value of real and personal property, $3,918,429.
The principal villages are Pickering, Brougham, Greenwood,
Claremont, Whitevale, Balsam, Kinsale, Green Eiver, Dunbarton
and Audley.
The name of Peak, of Dufl&n*s Creek, occurs in old records
previous to the year 1800, and is the oldest ascertained in con-
nection with the settlement of the township. The names of the
earliest settlers have been already given in the lists of the township
of Whitby. In subsequent records, having reference to Pickering
alone, the following are found. Under date of 1811, this is the
entry in the first township book in which any records were regularly
kept : —
^^ Agreeable to cm Act of the Legislature of this Province^ made and
passed in the thirty-ihird yea/r of His Majesty's reign^for the purpose qf
OLD EECORDS — PICKERING. 133
choosing and rwrnintUvng certain fit and proper persons to serve as Parish
and Town officers, we, the inhabitants of this Town, met the first Monday
of March for the purpose of choosing the following officers:
Thomas Hubbard, Town Clerk,
David Crawford.) .
John Haight, Y»»^»or»'
Abraham Townsbnd, Collector.
No'ADiAH Woodruff, 1
Thomas Matthews, VPathmasters,
John Lawrence, J
Joseph Wixson, \ ^ .»
Timothy Rogbr^, K <^«*'*«*P*'-*-
John Kichard, | ^ ur ^
Jambs Powell; K*"^ ^«'"*"»-
"By-law. — Voted that fences be four and a half feet high, and not
more than five inches between rails."
In the next year, under date of March 2, 1812, the name of
Nicholas Brown is to be found as one of the **Ses8ors." James
** Lamoru " occurs as pathmaster. And there is the following brief
and very explicit memorandum at foot : —
" Our Town offisors war Put in By the Qarter Sesons for the year, A.D.,
1813, By Reason of the Wor that was Declearede against us By the States in
the year 1812."
" By the Same Reason our townd metin war omited in the year, A.D.,
1814 and our Town officors war Put in the same manner.
Timothy Rogers, who built a small mill at Duffin's Creek, was
one of the earliest settlers. Nicholas Brown came in from Vermont
in 1810, and after him came the Quaker settlement of the same
numerous family in Pickering. The family of the Haights were of
the same period.
In 1815 the names of McCauslin (McCausland), Stott, Clark and
Smith occur atnongst the town officers.
In 1816 Vanceleek (Vankleek), Post, Flowerfield, Powell, Craw-
ford, Eay are new names occurring amongst the elected officers.
And there is a by-law passed, as follows : —
" Hogs is not to run as free commoners nor horses."
134 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
If the grammar be not the best, there is a brevity in this early
law-making phraseology that might well commend itself to the law-
makers of the present day.
The names of James Sharrard, Peter Matthews, Joseph Brown
and Samuel Doolittle appear in the list of township officers for 1817-
And in 1818 the names of Spenser, Udell and Andrew Losson.
In this year the following by-law was passed, which is given
verbatim from the original.
"By-law. — Hogs is not allowed to run on the commons without a yoak
that is six inches above the Neck and four Below."
There are added to the list of township officers for 1820 the
names of Zephania Jones, James Wood and Daniel Yeak. The
entries made are : —
" Voted — That our fences is to be Nabourly and Law full."
"Voted — ^That Horses shal not be commoners."
In 1821 the names of Joseph Winters, George Caster, Asher
Wilson and 'Joseph Webster are found amongst the list of officers.
Similar by-laws to the specimens already given were passed
restraining horses, hogs and cattle from running at large ; and also
a resolution appointing " the next meeting to be holden at John
Major's in 1822."
In this latter year James Brown, Samuel Eves, Solomon Sly,
George Anderson, John Albright and Cornelius Churchill appear
as township officers. By-laws as to fences and cattle are again
passed at the annual meeting.
Next year (1823), John Sharrard becomes ** town clerk," and
Thomas Hubbard, collector ; Joshua Richardson, John Blair and
David Wood, pathmasters.
The family of the Eichardsons came from the Queen's County,
Ireland, and have numerous representatives of the old stock in
Pickering and Whitby.
In 1824 Silas Orvis, Eeuben Steel, John Henry, Daniel Betts>
OLD SETTLERS — PICKEEING. 135
William Smith and William Losie appear on the list; and the
following are placed under the head of by-laws : —
" Firstly — Voted that the fences shall be five feet high, and not more
than four inches between rails two feet from the ground."
" 2nd — ^That hogs are to run at large till they do damage, and then the
owner of the hogs is to pay the same, and yoke them with a croch yoke,
six inches above the neck and four inches below the neck, and let them
run."
" 3rd. — That any unruly Creature of any description, either horse, cow,
bull, mully, or young creature of any sort or size shall not be a free com-
moner, but shall be liable to be taken up and put in the pound by any
person, either man or woman, or boy, and the owner shall pay all damages,
poundage and costs, whether said Creature was found doing damage or not."
These samples of early by-laws are worth preserving, although
they are unlikely to be followed as precedents by the Pickering
Councils of to-day.
William Sleigh appears as township clerk in 1825. Elijah
Foster and George 61ark are new names amongst the township
officers of this year. And in the next few years up to 1835, we
find, year after year, the addition of well-known names long con-,
nected with the township, such as Francis Leys, Joseph Morel,
John Cair, Anos Griswold, George Barclay, George Caster, Kobert
Gager, William Carling, William Peck, Alexander Dunlop, Benjamin
Cool, Ezekiel McWain, Eli Leavens, John Davis, Lawrence Smith,
Geo. Berry, Abraham Stoner, James Monger, Thos. Thompson,
Pamell Webb, John Laur, William Crothers (Carruthers), William
Hattrick, Nicholas Austin, John Palmer, Joel Hughes, Timothy
Gates, Benjamin Locke, Eobert Richardson, James Eichardson,
William Wright, John Tool, Job Burton, David Richmond, Michael
B. Judge, James McKay, Abm. Knowles, Landon Wurts, Ashael
Scott, B. Blanchard, Christian Stofifer, Joseph Chapman, John
Terry, Israel Gibbs, Benjamin Holmes, Chas. Ward, John Laman,
Jno. Van Home, Piatt Betts, Alex. Horsburg, Richard Lankern,
Danl. O'Brien, Thomas Reazin, Isaac Campbell, Chas. Hadley,
136 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH QOULD.
Josh. Thornton, Martin Niswander, Allan Granger, Saml. Plumb,
Jas. Rowe, Peter Rushnell, David Crider, Bobt. Knox, Boland
Brown, Ambrose Boon, Eichard Dale, Urick Burkholder, John Jack-
son, Joseph Gormley, William Wilkie, Ebenezer Birrell, Wm. Bice,
Wm. Tracey, A. K. Stevens, Wm. Dunbar, Thos. Annan, Jacob
Waltenberger and others, amongst the Wixsons, Woodruffs, Rogers,
Sharrards, Browns, Haights, Posts, Mathews, Dales, Beazii^s, and
Ohurchills of earlier years.
When Mr. Birrell settled in 1834, there were few settlers back
of the 6th concession, and even that concession line was but
partially opened. The leading roads were the front, or Kingston
Boad, and the Brock Boad, running through the centre of the
township north into Brock. The leading men on the front road
then were Squire Galbraith, a P.L.S., and Squire Leys, who kept
the only store and post ofl&ce in Pickering for years. Mr. Leys was
a very prominent man in the township ; he was a commissioner
of the Court of Bequests, and his house was a great place of resort.
The court sat in what was known as Squire Leys's schoolhouse.
The other members of the court at that time were Mr. Smith, J.P.,
who lived at the " Creek," Donald McKay, Squire Fothergill and
Dr. Boyes. Mr. Francis Leys was father of John Leys, M.PP.
for Toronto. He died in 1858, much esteemed and deservedly
regretted.
Caleb Powell and Henry Powell came into Pickering as early
as 1810. Caleb was the father of Mr. J. B. Powell, merchant,
Whitby.
Along the old Brock Boad, Elder Barclay, James Sharrard and
Joshua Wixson lived on the 9th concession, and had cleared farms.
Mr. Wixson' s was. then the only gristmill in the neighbourhood ; it
was built a mile east of where Claremont now stands.
Shortly afterwards Mr. Fothergill commen^jed building a mill
at DuflSn's Creek, near the present line of the Grand Trunk
Bailway, but it did not long continue in operation. James
OLD SETTLERS — PICKERING. 137
Demorest built a sawmill on lot 12 on the 6th concession, which
was of immense benefit to that portion of the township. A. Mr.
Sicilly had also a sawmill and gristmill on lot 15 on the 5th
concession, which he subsequently sold to Mr. Howell, a Cork
man, who erected a distillery and built a store, and with his
sons carried on a considerable business. Crawford's, Palmer's
and other mills were soon afterwards built on both branches of
the Creek.
The closest settlement eastward was rear of the 5th concession
<now Kinsale), where were located the Messrs. Mackie, John
Clerke and Isaac Campbell. Beyond this there was no open
road. Captain Macaulay, having considerable wild lands in that
quarter, gave 50 acres to have the side line between 10 and 11 in
the 4th and 5th concessions; and 6 and 7 in the 6th and 7th
concessions, and south part of the 8th concession opened. Not-
withstanding the want of roads, the lands in all this neighbour-
hood were all soon bought up and settled. Most of the settlers
after 1884 were immigrants, and were composed pretty evenly
of English, Irish and Scotch. It was at this period that Samuel
and Joseph Jones with their large families settled on the 7th
concession, where they have left their descendants in the enjoy-
ment of comfortable homes. Messrs. Waddell, Hickingbottom,
Gordon and James I. Davidson settled on their homesteads about
the same time.
John Miller first settled in Pickering in 1832. John brought
out from Scotland some stock to his uncle George Miller, of
Markham, at this date. The father, old Mr. William Miller,
shortly afterwards followed, locating on the old homestead, lot 25
in the 7th concession. The Millers afterwards engaged in the
importation of thoroughbred stock, for which they have long
obtained such a deservedly high reputation.
The township meeting for 1835 was held at Thompson's tavern
on the 5th concession, at which place the township meetings
138 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
continued to be held for many suBsequent years. Here is another
specimen by-law, passed in 1835 : —
"Voted that any dog found two miles from his master shall be shot"
In 1836 John Gierke appears as Township Clerk. The com-
missioners appointed were John Haight, Isaac Campbell and
Joseph Wilson. The names of Linton, Logan, Bentley, Agnew,
O'Connor, Heaney, Carpenter, Michell, Sullivan, Gibson, Bums,
Brennan, Stickney, McKittrick, Gilchrist appear for the first time
in the list this year. The commissioners met several times during
the year and gave judgment in a good many cases, and appear to
have been especially severe in fining parties for road obstructions
and non-performance of statute labour.
In 1837 it was resolved that the township, on every concession,
be divided into four divisions, and that every division appoint its
own overseers. This does not appear to have worked well, for at
the next meeting of the commissioners it is " resolved that it have
no effect."
Mr. Ebenezer Birrell was elected one of the Town Commis-
sioners in 1839, and Mr. James Sharrard, Town Clerk.
The name of Peter Matthews, which hitherto appeared year
after year very prominently for several years in the list of township
ofl&cers, disappears this year. He was the unfortunate Peter
Matthews who was hanged with Captain Lount for the part taken
by them in the rebellion of '37.
The names of Gregg, O'Leary, Valentine, Anson, and other well
known Pickering families of the present day appear in '39, '40
and '41. Joseph Wilson was appointed clerk in 1840 ; and in '41
the township had a librarian, Mr. Thompson, the tavern keeper, to
take charge of the books (viz.. Journals of the House of Assembly)
presented by the then sitting member, Mr. Small, to the township.
The first district councillors were elected in 1842. They were
Alexander Campbell and W. H. Michell.
In 1846 Mr. Hector Beaton, who with his brother settled on 100
OLD SETTLERS — PICKERING. 139.
acres in Pickering in 1836, was first appointed collector. In 1849
Mr. Beaton was appointed to the three ofQces of assessor, collector
and clerk. For more than thirty years subsequently he held the
office of clerk and treasurer, and discharged the duties with the
utmost satisfaction. A more upright and faithful officer no muni-
cipality ever had, as the universal testimony of the whole people
of Pickering bears witness. Mr. Beaton's son now fills the office of
township clerk, and is a worthy successor of his honoured father.
Mr. Truman White came into Pickering in 1845 from the
adjoining township of Markham, where he was born twenty years
before. He built the sawmill and gristmill at Whitevale (pre-
viously known as Majorville), and established a large business.
He also erected extensive woollen mills, which were subsequently
burned down, and again rebuilt. He filled the office of reeve of the
township for several years with much advantage to the munici-
pality, and was elected warden of the county. Mr. White took a
leading part in municipal and political affairs for many years, and
has always been a strong Liberal. He was the candidate of the
Reform party of South Ontario in opposition to Hon. T. N. Gibbs
in 1878, and was only defeated by a very narrow majority in the
hard battle which he then fought.
James McCreight, of Cherrywood, a county of Dublin Irishman,
who settled in the township in 1884 ; Squire Green, of Greenwood ;
Joseph Monkhouse, of Altona ; the Hoovers, of Green Eiver ; the
Mackies, Parkers and Palmers, are amongst the old representative
families. Br. Tucker settled in Pickering nearly forty years ago, and
was during a residence of nearly thirty years a very prominent man
in the township. He was a defeated . candidate in the memorable
election contest of 1867 between Hon. George Brown, for the Com-
mons, and Doctor McGill for the Provincial Legislature, as the candi-
dates on the Eeform side, and T. N. Gibbs and Doctor Tucker on
the Conservative side, when Messrs. Gibbs and McGill were elected.
The services of Squire Green (after whom Greenwood village
was named) and Squire Birrell were somewhat in demand in those
140 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
days, as magistrates, and rough customers they sometimes had to
deal with. The ** court" was generally held in Sterling's Hotel in
a sitting-room off the bar-room. In the fall and spring fairs were
held in the village — the fall fairs usually attracting large crowds of
both sexes. Jumping and running, putting the stone, lifting heavy
weights, and other athletic amusements and feats of strength and
skill formed part of the programme — the admiration of the ladies
present upon those occasions being no little incentive to the com-
petitors. At one of those fairs, thirty odd years ago, a quiet,
modest young man, a farmer's son from the front, proved himself
the best jumper on the ground. His rival, Mick E , a big,
burly fellow and a noted bully, who claimed the championship of
the fair, felt so mortified at his defeat that, after some words of
insult, he hit the young farmer a sudden cowardly blow on the
temple and knocked him senseless. Burly Mick was arrested and
brought before Squirea Green and Birrell. He was abusive and
insolent; threatened to choke the constable, and clean out the
" court." He . mocked the magistrates, and his language and
manner became so violent and insulting as to be any longer
unbearable. There was only one constable, a weak, elderly man,
and Mike considered himself beyond all magisterial restraint,
<5specially as a large part of the crowd present belonged to the
^' Order," of which he was one of the ** brethren." ** I can't stand
this any longer; can you?" asks Squire Green of his brother
magistrate. The latter said something about the power of the
magistrates to summon assistance, and even to call out the posse
comitatus. ''Posse comitatus be d d," exclaimed the irate Squire
Green, " I can lick the scoundrel myself in less than two minutes.
Adjourn the court. I declare this court adjourned for five minutes
until I lick the fellow ! " And adjourned the court was. And
when it re-opened very shortly afterwards, the discomfited bully
held a handkerchief to his face, on which latter were signs of a
black eye and bloody nose, and there was no meeker or quieter
individual in court during the remainder of the proceedings.
CHAPTER XXV.
Reach— Survey, 1809— Area— Assessed value, ^tc— Quality of soil— Reuben Grandell —
First white child born— Scugog— Port Perry"^ Villages— Sheriff Paxton— Early
settlers— Scugog Island— Statistics— Increase in value — Indians — Surveyed, 1816-17 —
Purdy's milldam— First settlers — Brock— 1817— Surveyed— First settlers— Statistic*
— Quality of soil — James Reekie—" King of Brock " — CoL Vrooman — Ancestors of
present settlers — John HaU^'^hompson-Nipissing Railway — A Tory township — Scott
— Statistics of— Survey, 1807 — First settlers— Evans Jones— The Leasks, Weldons,
Phillips, Thompsons, etc., etc.— Settlement from 1830.
REACH, in the second tier of townships from the lake, was sur-
veyed in 1809 by Mr. Wilmot. Contents, 62,287 acres;
assessed value, $2,489,480. Up to 1st January, 1856, Eeach and
Scugog were united. On the latter date, under a by-law passed at
the June session of the County Council, Scugog Island became an
independent municipality. The soil through the centre of the
township of Beach is rather light ; the land to the north-east and
north-west is of excellent quality. Eeuben Crandell, who has left
numerous descendants, is said to have been the first white settler^
and his son Benjamin, lately deceaseii, always claimed to be the
first white child born in the township.
The municipality formerly included Port Perry (as well a&
Scugog), which with the growth of population became a separate
corporation. Eeach contains a number of thriving villages with
splendid names, including Prince Albert, Manchester, Epsom,
Utica, Saintfield, Greenbank. The municipality sends a reeve and
two deputy-reeves to the County Council. Mr. Thomas Paxton (late
Sheriff of the county) was the earliest representative to the County
Council after the county had been set off. The names of McKercher,
Hurd, Covey, Croxall, Truax, Crowther, Stoutenberger, Christie,
142 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Crowther are those given amongst the earKest of the other early
settlers.
Property in Scugog has increased immensely in value since the
building of the bridge connecting the Island with the mainland
after Scugog had become a separate municipality. It contains
some fine improved farms and handsome residences. The assessed
value in 1886 was $350,854. The Island contains 11,016 acres. The
county valuators place land in Scugog at $38 per acre in equalizing
the assessment rolls for county purposes. The population of the
Island is about 400. There is an Indian reserve of about 800 acres,
with a remnant of about fifty Mississaguas. thereon.
The Island was surveyed in 1816 and '17 when it formed a por-
tion of both Reach and Cartwright. Shortly afterwards one Purdy
erected a milldam across* the Scugog Eiver, causing the latter to
overflow its banks and converting Scugog into an island. Charles
Nesbitt, an Irishman from the County Monaghan, was the first
settler; he went to live on the island in 1842.
Brock, although not laid out or surveyed until 1817, is one of
the oldest settled of the northern townships. It was named after
the celebrated general, the conqueror of Queenston Heights. The
first settlers entered the township by way of Yonge Street and
Newmarket, and those later by Uxbridge when the road was
opened from DuflSin's Creek to the latter place. According to the
last revised assessment roll, the township contains 66,181 acres;
number of acres cleared, 40,000 ; value oif real property, $2,779,602;
population about 5,000. A large portion of the township consists
of excellent land — a heavy clay loam; but there is considerable
broken and marshy land along the Beaver Eiver. Old Philip St. John,
an Irishman from the County Limerick, the genial " King of Brock,"
as he delighted to be called, settled in the township in 1821 and
reared a large family. Several of his descendants have long been
prominent men in the township. James Vrooman, the kind-hearted
old "colonel," and after whom the village of Vroomanton was
EARLY SETTLERS — BROCK. 143
named, was a still earlier settler. Mr. James Beekie was a still
older settlei;, and the record of himself and family is one of the
best of the independent yeomanry of Brock. Mr. Beekie was a
native of Dundee, Scotland, where he was born in 1797. He left
home when only sixteen years of age, and followed a seafaring life
for two or three years, being engaged in the King's service. He
came to Brock on the 10th of October, 1818. The first night he
slept under a tree, making his bed at the foot of a remarkably
large pine, on lot 8 in the 4th concession. And here he settled
and made his future home until his death on the 4th December,
1877, in his eighty-first year. He lived for several years a lonely
bachelor's life, and was often for weeks together without seeing the
face of a white man or woman. In 1824 he married Mary Hume,
by whom he had nine sons and three daughters — all of whom
survive him. The sons are all thorough Beformers, and before
their father's death it was his pride to have them accompany^ him
to poll their votes for the Beform candidate. Mr. Beekie was for
many years a Justice of the Peace for the Home District, and after-
wards for the county of Ontario. The hospitality of the Beekies —
and the children in this respect keep up the good reputation of the
parents — was well noted ; and in the early days of settlement the
new-comers to the township and the passing traveller could well
appreciate its value. Beuben Way came into Brock in 1826 from
ihe Bay of Quints, and was the first settler to venture north of the
Beekie settlement. Mr. Way settled on lot 13 in the 1st concession
•of Brock. He was one of the old District councillors. He was also
a staunch Beformer, and, like James Beekie, a total abstainer. The
ancestors of the Shire family, James Buddy, George Smith, John
O'Leary, the Keenans, and the famili'es of Spieran, King, Ewart,
Fordifif, Campbell, Amey, Bagshaw, Brethour, Bolster; Brabazon,
Hart, McPhaden, Cowan, Buttle, Monroe were all settlers of the
following twenty years. Mr. Malcolm Gillespie came later, and has
jsince his entry into the township occupied a very prominent position
144 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
in municipal and political matters; he has been repeatedly reeve^
and was also elected to the honour of warden of the county. John
Hall Thompson was long a prominent figure in Brock; he was
elected warden of the county as often as five times, and also repre-
sented the North Biding in the Dominion Parliament. Much of
the township of Brock was settled before Whitby was known farther
back than the 8rd concession.
The construction of the Nipissing Bailway, towards which the
township gave a bonus of $50,000 has greatly added to the value of
land, and the people have learned to value and appreciate the
advantage of railway communication. Had their railway education
been of earlier date, it would have been an important matter for
the county, and more especially the county town. Undoubtedly
had Brock and the townships north been as favourably disposed
thirty years ago to the aiding of railways, and understood then as
well as they do now the benefits of railway connection, the grand
county scheme of a railway line through the length of the county
from Lake Ontario to Georgian Bay would have succeeded. Brock
is noted as a very Tory township, and has been the scene of many
hard political struggles. The majority for the Conservative candi-
date is generally piled up to between two and three hundred, coun-
terbalancing the majority of about the same figures usually given
in the Liberal township of Uxbridge in the Beform interest. Sun-
derland, Vroomanton, Vallentyne, Wick and Cannington (the latter
now incorporated as a separate municipality) are the most impor-
tant villages in the township.
The township of Scott was surveyed as early as 1807, by
Mr. S. S. Wilmot, but settlement did not begin until a quarter
of a century later. Contents, 49,219 acres ; population, 2,400 ;
present assessed value, $1,525,789. Evans Jones, a hardy Welsh-
man, was the first known settler. He entered the township in
1880. From that date to 1834 the principal settlers were Andrew
Turner, Hugh Mustard, Peter Leask, William Stewart, Thomas
EARLY SfTTLERS — SCOTT. 145
Hood, the Weldons, the Phillipses, Yernons, Pirts, James Gallo-
way, George Smith (who afterwards kept a tavern in Whitby),
David Urquhart, Thomas Thompson, William Sinclair, George
Smith (who was for many years reeve, and in 1876 warden of the
county), Eobert Eowland (for several years deputy reeve), William
Nelson (formerly reeve and now township clerk), who all came in
after the rebellion of 1837. A considerable portion of the land is
very good soil, part inclined to be light, and interspersed with
swamp. Scott has the character of a splendid wheat township. Of
late years the township has progressed rapidly, roads have been
opened up and improved, and bridges built where necessary, and
such good husbandmen are the men of Scott that the county
valuators extol the township as being the best cultivated and
possessing the best fences of any township in the county.
CHAPTEE XXVI.
Thorah— Statistics—Surveys, 1820 and '27— White, the surveyor, 1822— Ensign Turner-
Squire Cameron— Glengarry inmiigrants, 1824-*28 — Settlement of half-pay officers—
Islay settlers — Donald Calder, Hector Grant— Long journey to mill— First bridge —
The Beaver Biver— Boad from Beaverton to Oshawa — Sutherland and Argyll settlers
—1830— The Braces— 1833— The Proctors— Charles Bobinson— His descendants— The
EUises — John McKay— First postr office— 1835 — CoL Cameron — Beaverton— Progress
of township — Government grants for roads — Grants by county council — Bailway
bonus— Municipal representatives — Churches — Beautiful situation of Beaverton—
Originally called Milton— 1834 and 1887 contrasted.
THOEAH, which lies immediately north of Brock, contains 44,320
acres. Valuation, nearly $700,000. The township was sur-
veyed, part in 1820 by J. E. White, and part in 1827 by D. Gibson.
White, the surveyor, settled on the south shore of Lake Simcoe, a
little north of Beaverton, in 1822. In the same year Ensign
Turner, a retired half-pay officer, settled in the south-west comer,
near Georgina, where his descendants are still living. James
White and Elizabeth Turner, son and daughter of the respective
gentlemen named, were the first white children bom in the infant
settlement. In 1824, under the leadership of Donald Cameron,
commonly called " Squire Cameron," a few immigrants arrived
from Glengarry. Amongst these were the ancestors of the families
of the Campbells, McBaes, McDonalds and Camerons, who so
largely preponderate in the population of the township of the
present day, and who have all made successful and become
prosperous settlers.
Between 1824 and 1828, several British half-pay officers and
pensioners, veterans who fought under Moore and Wellington,
amongst them the names of Boss, Neil, Murray and O'DonneU,
EARLY SETTLERS — ^THORAH, ' 147
took up grants of land bestowed upon them for military services.
Lieutenant Cameron settled upon a splendid 500-acre block on
the smiling shore of Lake Simcoe, which he soon largely improved,
and where he resided during the remainder of his life. It is the
farm now owned by Messrs. Grant and Hodgkinson. A Lieutenant
Osborne settled near Mr. Turner's, and a Captain Gibbs on the 1st
concession near Squire Cameron's.
Donald Calder, with the McMillans and Fadgens and other
natives of the Isle of Islay; Scotland, afterwards arrived from tfoitii
Carolina, in the United States, where they had been sojourning,
and became welcome and valuable additions to the township.
Calder was the first to erect a grist and sawmill. And primitive as
they were in appearance and construction, they soon proved a great
boon to the settlement. Many of the earlier settlers had to carry
their bushels of flour upon their backs from the Holland Landing,
a distance of forty miles ! The first bridge was at this time thrown
across the Beaver Eiver, near where the present structure stands.
It was built by the voluntary efforts of the sparse settlers them-
selves, without any outside help. Through the exertions of Squire
Cameron, a road was "blazed" from Beaverton to Oshawa.
Neither place had then much of an existence as a town or village,
and were not known by their present names. The roads through
the township were blazed lines with the underbrush cut, and fallen
logs chopped, so as to allow of the passage of an ox-sled.
The year 1880 brought a large influx of immigrants from Boss,
Sutherland and Argyll, Scotland. Amongst them were John Bruce,
John Gunn, James Gordon, Neil Murray, Alexander Fraser, Duncan
McLellan, and several others, all of whom (with the exception of
the two first named), having served their day and generation, have
gone to rest.
George Proctor came in 1888, and settled in the village. He
was eminently successful as a merchant and miller; his was the
second store opened in the place. The first was by Kenneth
Cameron in 1880, when the place was called Milton.
148 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Mr. Charles Bobinspn, to whom reference is made elsewhere,
for many years reeve of the township, also elected warden of the
county, an upright magistrate and estimable citizen, settled in
Thorah in 1883. He died a few years ago, having lived some fifty
years in Thorah. Mr. Bobinson has left numerous descendants.
A son of his is Mr. C. Blackett Bobinson, the well known publisher
of The Presbyterian, and another, Mr. John G. Bobinson, barrister-
at-law, both worthy scions of a good stock. Mr. George Bruce, of
Bea^^rton, for several years reeve of the township, and who was
also elected warden of the county, married a daughter of Mr.
Bobinson.
In the year 1888 the Ellises also came to Thorah, and so did
John McEay, for many years township clerk. Up to 1885 there
was no post office nearer than Georgina, a distance of eighteen
miles. The late Col. Cameron, of the 79th Highlanders, settled
on a lovely spot along the lake shore, in this latter year. His
influence with the Government got a post office at the place, which
was then designated Beaverton. The first postmaster was Mr.
Ellis, who afterwards erected a carding, spinning and dyeing
establishment, still continued by his son. The progress of the
township was slow until the establishment of the Home District
Council. Hard toil, distant markets, bad roads, low prices and
small returns had all to be encountered by the struggling settlers.
On the establishment of the old Home District Council, Colonel
Cameron was the first representative of Thorah. Aided by Mr.
Peter Perry, from the front, he succeeded in getting several grants
of money for the improvement of roads. This timely assistance
gave an impetus to much-needed improvements in the way of road-
making. The County Council afterwards helped, and the Township
Council made liberal grants from year to year in the same direction,
until Thorah is now supplied with roads and bridges second to
those of no other municipality in the county.
The granting of a bonus of $50,000 to secure the extension of
EARLY SETTLERS — THORAH. 149
the Midland Bailway from Lindsay to Beaverton was a good
investment for the township, and from that time forward the
progress of both village and township was most marked.
Mr. George Proctor, sen., represented the township munici-
paUty in '48, '49 and '50.
In '52 Mr. Bobinson succeeded Colonel Cameron, and took the
active part already related in establishing the new county, and in
making Whitby the County Town.
Thorah, since its first settlement, has been strongly Presby-
terian. The first Presbyterian Church, a well-built stone edifice,
was built in 1848 ; it is built upon a 100-acre grant from the
€rown. Bev. David Watson was the first minister, and occupied
the manse for over a quarter of a century. The reverend gentle-
man has since seen a splendid new church erected through his
exertion^ at a cost of $14,000. The CantCda Presbyterian congre-
gation have since erected a handsome and expensive brick church,
costing over $11,000. And the Boman Catholics have built a neat
frame church on lot 11 in the 4th concession, also upon another
100-acre Crown grant. The Church of England and Methodist
bodies have also put up handsome brick churches in the village.
Beaverton was originally called Milton. It is now incorporated
into a separate municipality with its own municipal council. The
village is very pleasantly situated on both banks of the Beaver
Biver, which winds its way through beautiful groves of second-
growth cedar, and enters Lake Simcoe at this point. A large grist-
mill with the latest roller process improvements replaces the old
log mill of 1829, put up by Mr. Proctor. There are also steam
sawmills, a planing factory, and other manufactures have been
added.
In 1884 the total taxes payable by Thorah to the Home District
amounted to £84 currency. This year (1887) the valuation of the
Township is $642,480, and of the village of Beaverton, $240,000.
CHAPTEE XXVII.
Mara— First survey— 1821— Completed 1836— Settlement— Soil— First clearings— Patripk
OorrigaH— 182a— Arthur Kelly, an old Reformer— " Votes for Paxton "—1827— The
Camerons, McDonaghs, etc. — Large Irish Catholic and Scotch Catholic settlement —
Philip McBae, Alex. Kennedy— D. G. Hewett, J. P. Foley— Brechin— Midland KaU-
way— Stations in municipality — Increased value of farm lands— Separation of Mara
and Rama— 1869— Statistics.
Rama— First survey, 1884— Second survey, 1855— Final survey— Settlement of British
officers in 1835— Captain McPherson, James McPherson, Captain Garnet, and others
— ^Bank of Upper Canada and Indian Reserve purchase — Indian settlement at Orillia
removed to Rama— Rama Indian village — Picturesque spot — ^Long^ord Mills— John
Thomson— His sons — ^Uxbridge— Other early settlers and prominent men of Uxbridge
—Statistics, etc.
THE township of Mara was first, in part, surveyed in 1821 by
J. G. Chewitt. The survey was completed in 1886 by Eobert
Ross. Up to the rebellion of '37 there was but a very scant
settlement, and that along the lake shore, in Mara. The character
of the soil at that time had a good deal of the appearance of a
cedar swamp. As clearings were made the character of the soil
turned out to be excellent, and Mara now proves to be one of the
best farming townships in the county.
As early as 1828, Patrick Oorrigan, an Irishman, took up hi&
abode in the wilds of Mara. He was followed by Arthur Kelly in
1827. Kelly died at the age of 106. He was a great admirer of
Mr. Thomas Paxton, for whom he regularly polled his vote. In
the contest between Gockbum and Madill, he could not understand
why his favourite was not in the field. And whfen brought to the
poll to vote for the Eeform candidate, he wished to give an open
vote, saying : " I votes for Paxton." After these came the Cam-
erons, the families of McDonagh, McDermott, Doyle, O'Boyle, Flinn^
EARLY SETTLERS — MARA. 151
Haxahy, Duffy, McNulty, Mahony, O'Connor, McGrath, O'Leary,
O'Brien, McLennan, etc., showing a large Irish and Catholic
settlement in the township, which character it still retains. The
Highland Scotch Catholics are also numerous. Mr. Philip McBae,
for several years reeve of the municipality, is of the latter extrac-
tion, and was born on the farm which he owns at Point Mara. He
was also elected to the warden's chair by the County Co.uncil, and
was an unsuccessful candidate for Parliamentary honours. Mr.
Alexander Kennedy, a Glengarry Catholic, represented the township
in the County Council, having defeated Mr. Hewitt, the old repre-
sentative who took the place of Mr. Michael McDonagh. Mr.
Kennedy built the mills at Atherley, and afterwards removed to
Orillia, where he died some years since.
Mr. J. P. Foley, also a former reeve, came to Mara about 1860,
and built up the village of Brechin.' He has proved himself a most
enterprising and worthy resident, and has been a great acquisition
to the locality. The Midland Bailway runs through the township
and has stations at Brechin, Uptergrove and Atherley, all secured
for a bonus of $10,000 given by the municipality. The railway
has added much to the value of land in Mara. The adverse vote
of Thomas McDermott, who represented the township in the
County Council in 1854, prevented the railway enterprise of that
date from receiving such county assistance as would have secured
to the whole county the benefits of direct railway communication
between the north and the south, and ever afterwards he was
nicknafned ''the Basswood Beeve." This was not one of the
brothers, James and Thomas McDermott, both of whom afterwards
creditably filled the position alternately as reeve of the township.
Mara contains 61,060 acres ; population, about 2,500 and increasing.
The valuation in 1886 was $946,507.
Mara and Bama were united for municipal purposes up to 1869.
On the first of January of that year, a by-law previously passed by
the County Council came into force, erecting Bama into an
independent municipality.
152 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF J9SEPH GOULD.
Bama, the most northerly township of the comity of Ontario,
contains 82,124 acres. The first, survey was made in 1884 by
William Keating, and embraced about one-third of the township, on
the west side along the shore of the beautiful Lake Couchiching.
The second survey was made by William Unwin, in 1855, on the
south-east boundary^ where the Monck Boad is located, and the final
survey, in which the remainder of the township was laid out, was
made a few years later by Mr. Dennis.
In 1885 quite a number of British officers, availing themselves
of the appropriations made by the Imperial Government, took up
lands along the lake. All the lots in Keating's survey (with the
exception of a few Clergy Beserve lots), were located. Captain
McPherson settled in 1835. He was the father of Mr. James
McPherson, who, for almost half a century, has been the foremost
man in Bama. In 1886 Captains Garnett, Coppinger, Yarnold,
Bouke and Pass settled. A few years later Yarnold, Bouke and
Pry got into difficulties with the old Bank of Upper Canada, and
the Bank at that time being all-powerful with the Government, got
the Indian Department to purchase their lands — some 2,500 acres
altogether. The officers cleared out, and the Mississagua Indians,
then at Orillia, were located in Bama. A number of small houses
were built for them by the Indian Department on a rising ground
overlooking Lake Couchiching — a most picturesque spot, and since
known as the Indian Village of Bama. Captain Pass died on his
holding. His son was afterwards killed by the falling ^of a tree,
and the rest of the family soon afterwards left the place. Captain
McPherson removed to Orillia in 1845. Only Captain Garnett was
then left and Mr. James McPherson, already mentioned, who had
married a daughter of Captain Garnett. The latter died in 1861,
so that Mr. McPherson is the only representative of the settlement
of British officers now surviving. Mr. McPherson was for a long
time the remotest white settler in the county. He has added
largely to his possessions, engaged extensively in quarrying and in
LONGFORD MILLS — ^RAMA. 163,
ihe lake navigation, in which trade he still owns a steamboat, and
has done much in developing the resources of the township. He
has served many years as reeve, was elected warden of the
county, is an active magistrate, and is a gentleman highly respected
and esteemed for his many excellent qualities.
For a long time white people did not care much about settling
close to the Indian village. The land got into the hands of
speculators on that account, and thus settlement on the old
survey was for a time much retarded.
The building of the Longford Mills and the location. of Mr.
John Thomson, towards 1870, gave a fresh impetus to the settle-
ment that helped on the township very much. His early death,
some six years ago, was a great loss, both public and private, and
was very much regretted. He was a fine liberal-minded, open-
handed and large-hearted man, who secured to himself the good
will and esteem of the whole community. His sons have since his
death carried on the busirffess, with much success, and have proved
themselves worthy of the good name and noble character of their
lamented father.
Of the settlement of the town and township of Uxbridge, already
noticed in the earlier events of Mr. Gould's life, some further par-
ticulars may be here added.
The township of Uxbridge was surveyed in 1804-1805 by S. S.
Wilmot. It contains 61,712 acres, a large portion of which' is
light and sandy soil. The county valuators place the valuation at
$1,128,013, or an average of $21.81 per acre. The most important
villages are Goodwood, Atha, Siloam and Bothes. The settlement
of the south-west corner of the township commenced about 1806
by settlers from the State of New York. The principal families
were the Mordens, Kesters, Browns, and those of Wideman, For-
syth, McWain, Townsend and French, a number of the descendants
of whom are still to be found in the township. Thomas Hilborn,
the leader amongst the Quakers from Pennsylvania, first settled
154 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
on the farm owned and occupied by Abraham Bagshaw. Amongst
the names of other early settlers, not already mentioned, those of
the families of William Ferguson, on the hill— lots 33 and 34,
5th concession; John Johnston, lot 85; the Boyds» lot 28; the
Burdocks, lot 30; the Wagges, Blackburns; George Hutchinson,
lot 31; and of Peter Thompson, who built the first house on the
west half of lot 26 in the 5th concession should not be omitted.
Mr. Ira Chapman, a son of one of the old pioneers,, and now himself
past man's allotted threescore years and ten, was bom upon the
farm originally settled by his father. • He formerly filled the office
of reeve of the township with much credit to himself and his con-
stituents. The wife of Mr. Isaac J. Gould, M.PP., is a daughter
of Mr. Chapman. Other members of the Chapman family settled
in Pickering. The Kennedys, lot 29 in the 6th; the Munros, lot
28 in the 7th; old Mr. Shell, who died at the age of ninety, lot 22.
in the 4th; Thomas Pearson, lot 33 in the 6th; J. B..Feasby, for
several years reeve of the township; Alexander Reid, lot 16 in
the 8th concession; the Allcock family, of lot 30 in the 4th; the
Sherrard family, of lots 15, 16 and 17 in the 6th, were amongst the
old settlers, who were and are represented by prominent men in.
the township. Amongst other prominent men who have taken^
and some of whom still take, an active part in business and local
affairs, and by whose enterprise the progress of Uxbridge has been
advanced, the names of Thomas Bolster, William Hamilton, Dr.
Nation, A. T. Button, George Wheler, ex-M.P., A. D. Weeks, Brown,
Finch, Williams, Dr. Black, Henry, Captain Eobert Spears, Thomas
Johnston,^ Eev. Mr. Cockburn (son-in-law of Mr. Gould), William
Smith (ex-warden of the county) and his father, who came from
Paisley and settled in Uxbridge in 1841; Hiram Crosby (another
son-in-law of Mr. Gould), I. G. Crosby, E. P. Harman, the present
reeve; Dr. Bascom, the present worthy mayor, and son of the
gentleman who built the first tannery; James Watt, Mr. F. Keller^
of the Journal newspaper, who was born in the adjoining township
UXBRIDGE — ^INCORPORATION. 15&
of Markham, stand prominently forward, and numbers of others^
the enumeration of whose names might be extended to a bulky
volume.
The village of Uxbridge was incorporated in 1872. In 1886 it
obtained the dignity of a town. The assessed value in 1886 wa&
$580,000. Uxbridge possesses important manufactures, and i&
now lighted by electricity, the power being supplied by Mr. Isaac
Gould, M.PP. It is the first town in the county that has secured
electric light, Oshawa coming next.
CHAPTEE XXVIII,
Whitby— Constituted County Town— Slow growth— General review— Rise and progress
— Speculation— Evil results— Collapse— Enterprise checked— Fine houses and those
who built them — " Trafalgar Castle "—Ontario^ Ladies* College — Churches, schools —
Public buildings— Bailway debt — Poor return for — Market before railways — Trade
out off— Manufactures — ^Bonuses— Old residents and new comers.
THE County Town of Whitby was incorporated in 1855 by special
Act of Parliament. The limits^ of the corporation comprise
ihe large area of 4,240 acres. The population has fluctuated a
good deal in the years that have since passed ; but although the
<)haracter of the buildings has vastly improved, the numbers of the
people have scarcely, if at all, perceptibly increased. According to
ihe last year's census, taken under the direction of the Board pt
School Trustees, the figure^ are under 8,000.
Up to the time of its incorporation the town (then the village)
remained an integral part of the township municipality. Since
ihen it has had its mayor and corporation — ^the municipality being
divided into three wards, each electing three members. The
mayor is elected by the general vote of the electors, and so are the
reeve and deputy reeve sent to represent the town in the County
Council ; so that the body corporate is composed of twelve mem-
bers. The history of the early settlement up to the period of
incorporation belongs altogether to that of the township.
After the arrival of Peter Perry, in 1886, it was called Perry's
Vomers, and retained the appellation for some years. Mr. Perry
infused new life into the little village, and from his time it began
lo grow into a place of some note and importance. Houses, and
THE COUNTY TOWN OF WHITBY. 167
blocks of houses, were built, and town and corner lots became
more and more valuable, as population increased and new build-
ings accumulated. The harbour was improved ; so were the roads
northward leading into it ; warehouses were built at the wharf, and
its natural advantages and shipping facilities established Whitby
as a first-class grain market and shipping port. The erection of
the county buildings, and emerging from a mere village into the
dignity of a County Town, with its resident county ofi&cials, court-
house and gaol, made Whitby an important centre. The period of
inflation caused by the building of the Grand Trunk Eailway had
arrived. The fever of speculation in town and village lots was at
its height. And Whitby with its hopeful future ; its many great
natural advantages; its noble harbour; its splendid, well-settled
back country tributary to its market, and all its newly added
glories of a County Town became at once a point of attraction for
the business man seeking to establish himself in a rising locality^
and for the speculator at which to carry on his operations. In
Whitby, as at many other places at that time, the latter swarmed.
Almost every owner of desirable building sites within the corpor-
ation became a speculator himself or was tempted to sell to
speculators. Blocks of land were bought on speculation and
measured off and sold in town lots, at prices that would have gone
far to purchase improved farms. Merchants and tradesmen came
in, in the meantime, and established themselves in business, and
the mania of speculation was at its height when the collapse
came in 1857. Of the merchants and tradesmen who had
settled down numbers were caught in the meshes of the specu-
lators and remained crippled in their resources for years after-
wards. The speculators themselves, working as some of them did
upon imaginary values and paper capital, came to grief. It was
easy to buy (at the speculator's price) by making a first payment
and giving a mortgage at a high rate of interest for the balance.
The result was that most of the town property was under heavy
158 THE UFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH QOULD.
mortgage in one shape or another; that enterprise was checked,
and that the men of enterprise who were not wholly ruined were so
crippled in their resources as to be brought to a stand still with a
mountain of debt to face, hindering them and hampering them at
avery turn in all their future operations.
During the next ten years the growth of Whitby was slow and
gradual, but some private houses of superior pretensions were put
up — ^notably the residences of John Ham Perry, James Wallace,
Sheriff Beynolds, and a score of others; not one of which now
remain in the possession of the original owners or of their families.
Mr. Beynolds's residence, ''Trafalgar Castle," as he :9iras proud to
jobII it, has received large additions since it became the Ontario
Ladies' College, for which latter purpose it is now admirably
adapted. It is one of the best and most flourishing institutions of
the kind in the Province, or perhaps in the Dominion. Some good
stores and brick buildings have replaced the old frame structures
of thirty odd years ago ; the streets and sidewalks are in a better
■condition; some imposing church edifices, with ''spires pointing
the way to heaven " have been built ; there are very good school
buildings, including Collegiate Institute and Model School ; there
is a railway track through the town, and a railway station near
Dundas Street, and railway shops (without mechanics or work-
men), there is a fine town hall and a market in a central locality,
and there is a new elevator at the wharf, and there are of course
the county buildings, and altogether Whitby presents an improved
ai^earance. But Whitby, although better dressed, has not grown.
And it is far from being the stirring place of business of which
there was once so much promise. The people of the County Town
have tried to do their share. They have heavily taxed themselves
in order to secure the benefits of railway connection and improve
their business prospects. But success has not attended their
efforts. They were not in time. When they moved it was too
late. Their pushing neighbours to the east and to the west had
WHITBY-T-ADVERSE CIRCUMSTANCES. 159
already stretched out their lines of railway into the territory pro-
perly tributary to the County Town, and cut oflf the trade of the
north. Whitby had done much, and made many sacrifices to
secure this trade. Before the era of railways, the representatives
of the town voted steadily in the County Council for all appropri-
ations for the improvement of the roads in the north leading to the
town. It was good policy ; for though it increased the county rate
of the front taxpayers, it brought the grist to the town mill. And
in those days it was no unusual sight to see a string of farmers'
teams more than a mile in length extending from '' The Corners "
to the warehouses at the bay, bringing the produce of the farms of
the north to the Whitby market. Of course farmers and farmers'
wives then dealt with the town storekeepers and bought all their
chief supplies bom Whitby merchants. But this did not last long.
The outside railways carried oflf the trade of the north in other
directions, and the people of Whitby lost all the advantage of the
expenditure on roads which they found they had only helped to
make for the benefit of northern farmers'
All subsequent efforts to retrieve the loss of that trade by secur-
ing direct railway communication between the northern and southern
part of the county were unavailing. The influences of the Toronto
and Nipissing Bailway on the one side and of the Port Hope and .
Lindsay Bailway on the other were too strong for4ihe Whitby pro-
moters of a direct county line, and the result was, as stated else-
where in these pages, the present inadequate railway connection,
without any advantages of workshops, etc., or of a competing line
which Whitby gave its $80,000 to secure.
Adverse circumstances have hitherto told against Whitby and
Whitby men in the past. It is to be hoped that the Whitby men
of to-day will profit by the lesson of the past, and will be more for-
tunate in their eflforts to secure for the County Town of the county
of Ontario that position which its favourable location and undoubted
natural advantages should command.
160 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Several unsuccessful efforts were made to establish manufactures
in the town. Bonuses have been given and the burdens of the rate-
payers added to for the purpose. But the result has not been
satisfactory. It is very doubtful whether anything in the shape of
permanent, solvent induatries can be obtained by such means.
Very few of the prominent first residents of Whitby now sijrvive.
Ezra Annes, his eldest son, Henry; James Eowe, Johu Welsh, John
Sprowle, John Watson, Dr. Ham and his eldest son, John; Chester
Draper, Henry Hopkins and his son, Gedrge; Hugh J. Macdonell,
Daniel Cameron, Jas. H. Gerrie, J. 0. Doman, Henry Hannam,
Benjamin Yamold and his ton, Bobert; Alexander McPherson, for
long years postmaster, William Jeffrey, J. B. Armstrong, Jacob
Bryan, Levi Fairbanks, for many years Division Court Clerk,
Sheriff Beynolds, Henry Betts, Daniel Betts, Joshua Bichardson,
Alexander Boss, Bevd. J. T. Byrne and his son, James; Samuel
Cochrane and his son, S.. H., at his death County Attorney;
Colonel Wallace, and his brother, George ; John Hamer, Hutton
Starr, T. N. Scripture and a long roll of the men who early took
an active part in the doings of the county town have all passed
over to the majority. Others who figured conspicuously in town
affairs and as business men, such as Bobert E. Perry, Francis
Keller, Thomas Myers, Joel Bigelow, Christopher McDermott, J. M.
Lowes, James Hodgson, Carleton Lynde, H. Post, Wm. Thew, Wm.
McCabe, Thomas H. McMillan, Thomas Kirkland, W. H. Higgins,
John M. Lowes, Joseph Dickey, W. W. Caldwell, Francis Clarke,
N. W. Brown, ex-M.PP., John Bengough and his clever sons, James
Hamilton and others moved away to other localities, where some
have grown exceedingly prosperous, and most of them have bettered
their condition in life. There were a good many others who settled
in Whitby for a while, and after making more or less of a flourish,
"pulled up stakes" and sought "green fields and pastures new,"
but with whose names it is unnecessary to encumber this record.
Of the old stock there are very few remaining. They would be
PROMINENT BBSIDENTS. 161
included in the names of J. H. Perry, Wm. Laing, Dr. Gunn, Thos.
Dow, G. T. Smith, Wm. Blair, Major Harper, J. Hamer Greenwood,
James Campbell, Judge Burnham, Judge Dartnell, John Spurrell,
J. K. Gordon, E. H. Lawder, W. H. Billings, Thomas Huston the
town clerk, and perhaps half a dozen others of less prominence.
The "new-comers" who have settled down in the interval and
made Whitby their permanent home have been mostly of the
better class of people who take up their residence in country towns.
Among them are some enterprising and pubUc-spirited business
men (such as Mr. Charles King, owner of the tannery), whose good
business qualities and intelligence give a town a reputation.
Whitby has always preserved a high reputation for the hos-
pitable and social character of its inhabitants.
The valuation in 1886, for county purposes, was $786,550.
CHAPTEE XXIX.
Oshawa — Skae*s Comers— Pioneer settlers— Their descendants— First mail— First mill —
The old families — ^Bepresentatiye men— Manufactures— First incorporated village in
the county— Statistics.
Port Perry — Incorporated — First store — First sawmill — First start — G-rowth— Industries
—Fires— Statistics— Founders of village.
Cannington— Incorporated— Situation— Manufacturing facilities— Statistics.
OSHAWA was formerly known as Skae's Comers, after Mr.
Edward Skae had opened a store there. Before that time
several other names, after those of the old settlers, were given the
locality. But it has retained the old Indian appellation of Oshawa.
The Indian meaning of the word signifies Salmon Greek. The
names of the pioneer settlers have been already given in the
chapter on the settlement of the township of Whitby. All have
long since gone to "that bourne whence no traveller returns."
The descendants of quite a few of the first settlers are, however, to
be found; some of them occupying prominent positions, and most
of them enjoying a competence and living in houses and with
surroundings that would have astonished their forefathers and
have bewildered the Indians who raided poor Benjamin Wilson's
little hut and carried off his year's provisions.
Mr. Thomas Gonant is a worthy Canadian representative of his
ancestors, who with the Burks and Trulls of Darlington settled on
Barber's Creek in 1794. The Farewell brothers who "paddled their
own canoe" up the Creek from Oshawa harbour have numerous
representatives. Abraham Farewell, ex-M.PP., the head of the
family, still enjoys robust health and there are nephews engaged in
all the learned professions as well as on the farm. In this
OSHAWA. 163
connection it may be mentioned that the mother of Nelson Pickell,
of Oshawa, was claimed to be the first white woman bom in the
old township of Whitby. Mr. Thomas Dow, manager of the
Western Bank at Whitby, opened the first mail bag that came to
the Oshawa post office, whei\ a young clerk in Mr. Skae's store.
Very different is the Oshawa of to-day with its large manufac-
tm'ing industries and splendid buildings to that of the time when
Joseph Gorham built the first mill in South Oshawa. The old
families of what might be called the second period, the Skaes, the
Warrens, the Arklands and the Gibbses have scarcely a represen-
tative left in the town. Col. Grierson married a daughter of Mr.
J. B. Warren, and his children are the only direct representatives
of the Warrens of Oshawa. Mr. Wm. Warren of the tannery is a
nephew, and a son of old Mr. Wm. Warren, of Whitby. Oshawa
had the honour of giving the two county members to the Dominion
Parliament at the same time in the persons of the brothers, Hon.
T. N. Gibbs and W. H. Gibbs, the former a Cabinet Minister.
Neither is there a representative of Col. Fairbanks, once so
prominent and deservedly popular, in the town. Oshawa also gave
two other prominent gentlemen as representatives for South
Ontario — Dr. McGill in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and
Mr. F. W. Glen (who defeated Hon. T. N. Gibbs) in the Dominion
Parliament. Mr. Glen for more than twenty years carried on the
celebrated Hall Works, established by his father-in-law, Mr. Joseph
Hall. The extensive iron manufactures of all kinds in which he
engaged and the large employment given by him largely built up
the town and made the name of Oshawa known far and wide. So
did the celebrated agricultural implement manufactures of A. S.
Whiting & Co., still carried on by Mr. Hamlin. The malleable
works so profitably carried on by the Messrs. Cowan; the Stove
foundry, managed by Mr. Larke; the works of the Masson Manu-
facturing Company; those of Messrs. Coulthard & Scott; the
Dingle Works, and other branches carried on more or less exten-
164 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
sively still keep up the reputation of Oshawa as an important
manufacturing centre.
Oshawa was the first village incorporated in the county. It is
now a town, divided into four wards, and comprises an area of
2,400 acres. With its mayor, reeve, two deputy reeves, and three
councillors from each ward, it has a bulky corporate body of
sixteen members. The population is estimated at nearly 5,000.
The valuation of the county valuators in 1886, for equalization
purposes, was $1,060,550.
In 1852 the total population was 1,106; the value of real
property, £4,296, and of personal property, £1,868 currency.
Port Perry was incorporated as a village on the 1st January,
1872 ; the by-law for the purpose had been passed at the previous
June session of the County Council. From an insignificant hamlet
on the " banks of the melancholy Scugog," it has become a popu-
lous business centre, with well built stores and handsome public
and private buildings.
Peter Peny was the first who put up a small store at the place
about forty years ago, and from him Port Perry received its name.
The late Chester Draper, of Whitby, was employed by Mr. Perry as
clerk, and placed in charge of the store. Sawmills were subse-
quently erected at the head of the lake. The first sawmill was
put up by Samuel Hill. A large lumber business was carried on
for several years by the Messrs. Paxton and W. S. Sexton. The
building of the railway from Whitby to Port Perry gave the latter
place its first good start. Being the terminus, until the extension
to Lindsay, was a further help. With the construction of the road,
and Port Perry the terminus, town lots went up to a high figure,
and the owners of real estate in the village made quite a harvest.
In a few years the place grew up to its present proportions, with a
population of 2,000, with fine churches, schools, town hall, factories,
banks, two newspapers, and all the evidences and surroundings of
extended trade and industry. Port Perry is a large grain market.
PORT PERRY — CANNINGTON. 165
and good shipping point for timber and lumber brought up the
lake and river, and re-shipped by railway to Whitby and the front.
The village has suffered from two or three disastrous fires, but has
speedily recovered from their effects, through the enterprise of its
business men, and a still better class of buildings has taken the
place of those destroyed.
Port Perry has an area of over 500 acres, and is extending.
The valuation (for county purposes) in 1886 was $591,000. Mr.
Joseph Bigelow was the first reeve and representative of the village
in the County Council. The foundation and history of Port Perry
must always remain inseparably connected with the names of
Perry, Paxton, Bigelow and Sexton.
Cannington was the next village of the county that obtained
incorporation as a separate municipality. It was separated from
iihe township of Brock for municipal purposes in 1878. It is a
thriving village, * beautifully situated on the Beaver Eiver. It
possesses good manufacturing facilities, and is an important station
of the old Toronto and Nipissing, now forming part of the Midland
Hallway system in connection with the Grand Trunk.
The population, 1,100 ; valuation of real property, $320,000.
CHAPTER XXX.
Municipalities of Ontario in the United Counties— Oanses of separation from York and
Peel— First Provisional Council— First meeting— Provisional warden and clerk —
Interesting proceedings — Speeches of Joseph Geuld and others — Resolution in favour
of an appropriation for County buildings — Second meeting— No quorum — The struggle
for County existence— Determined action of Mr. Gould— His casting vote— A protest—
The straggle continued — Another meeting— Michael McDonagh — County treasurer —
By-law and resolution passed — Public meetings— Mr. Gould's action endorsed— Next
meeting — Proceedings— Recommendations for County offices— Names of candidates —
Proceedings in the courts— Friends of the County united by the oppressive action of
the United Counties* representatives— Site for county buildings chosen— Contract let —
Further abortive legal proceedings.
•
THE county of Ontario, under the Act 14 and 15 Victoria, cap. v*
(1861), consislijBd of the townships of Whitby, Pickerings
Uxbridge, Beach, Brock, Georgina, Scott, Thorah, and Mara and
Bama — ^the two latter one municipality, and the Island of Scugog
which formed part of the townships of Beach and Cartwright, and
was united to Beach. The county thus composed formed one of
the United Counties of York, Ontario and Peel.
In this union it was held by the representatives of Ontario
that their county was not getting fair play, and that in the
equalization of the assessment rolls the value of the Ontario
municipalities was raised, while the value of those of York were
lowered for assessment purposes. Hence the agitation for separa-
tion by Ontario.
The first Provisional Council was composed as follows : —
TOWNSHIPS. RBKVKS. DEPUTY RBEVES.
Whitby James Rowe James Dryden.
Pickering W. H. Michell Peter Taylor.
Reach and Scugog Thomas Paxton A. W. Ewers.
COUNTY ONTABIO — PROVISIONAL COUNCIL. . 167
TOWNSHIPS. RBBVBS. DEPUTY RBBVK8.
Erock Robert Sproule A. Carmichael.
Uxbridge Joseph Goiild
Scott James Galloway
Georgina James Bouchier
Thorah Chas. Robinson
Mara and Rama James McPherson
Oshawa Village T. K Gibfes
Mr, Bouchier, of Georgina, was appointed to preside as chair-
man until the provisional warden was elected. The first meeting
under the proclamation took place on Monday, 8rd May, 1852, and
was held in a frame schoolhouse near St. John's Church at the
Bay. Mr. Joseph Gould, of Uxbridge, was elected first provisional
warden of the new county, and Mr. William Powson, of Manchester,
in Beach, county clerk. The seat for the united townships of Mara
and Bama was claimed by M;r. Michael McDonagh, who contended
that Mr. McPherson had resigned, and that he (Mr. McDonagh) had
been elected. Both gentlemen produced certificates of election
from the township clerk. Mr. McPherson, however, took his seat
and voted during the proceedings, under protest from the adverse
claimant. A resolution in favour of appropriating the necessary
amouijit for the erection of the county buildings was the principal
business before the meeting. As the existence of the new county
hinged upon this appropriation being then made, a special interest
attaches to the proceedings which took place. Mr. Gould moved
"That the council do now proceed to appropriate at once the
amount necessary to erect the county buildings, the same to be
raised in sums so as to cover a term of twenty years."
He said that the time had now arrived for a separation from the
old county. The accumulating county business, which is now
literally choking; up every department of our county affairs, in this
huge county, has long cried for a division of the county of York,
and especially now when other counties, of not half its extent or
population, were cheerfully availing themselves of those district
divisions which of necessity forced themselves on the Government,
168 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
and were successfully working X)ut their own local concerns, un-
trammelled by an overwhelming centralizing influence, such as we
had to contend with in the city of Toronto. The time had arrived,
the general voice of the people now demanded a separation, and he
had always, and was always ready to bow to that voice, especially
when he heartily concurred in the justice of the demand. The
mainspring of every action is self-interest, and he trusted that no
man present was so insensible to the interests of his constituents
as to refuse to secure them now by the immediate erection of our
county buildings and a speedy separation. What could we avail
by delay ? Could we stave off the net work of taxation that is
now being prepared to be cast over us by the city of Toronto.
The county of York is not only erecting a court house, which
the adverse interests to this section have needlessly hurried on
the council in anticipation of the present event, but they con-
template further improvements and heavy expenditures, to avoid
which *is our solemn duty to our constituents. Why did they
hurry in this matter? The great and expensive improvements
that have been made in the past years render the county buildings
sufl&ciently convenient for many years to come, and after our
separation, more than sufficient ; but York and Peel wish to get a
bite out of us first, and the sooner we separate the. sooner will
we get rid of these debts of their contracting. (Cheers.) Any
opposition here now will be but adding additional power to the
efforts of York and Peel to take from us to the utmost farthing.
We cannot stave off separation indefinitely. It will ultimately
come; and what claim can we have hereafter, by arbitration or
otherwise, on the county of York for refunding our equitable share
of these contemplated assessments if we delay the hour ? Can we
ask them to refund a share of the tax that we have voluntarily
submitted to ? Certainly not with any shadow of justice on our side.
Let us proceed then at once and place ourselves out of danger, and
not remain at the further mercy of York ^nd Peel. (Cheers.)
SEPAEATION FBOM THE UNITED COUNTIES. 169
Mr. Michell moved, seconded by Mr. Gibbs, " That no appro-
priation be made until the question be referred to a direct vote of
ihe ratepayers of the county." He said that the people ought to
.^ve an expression of sentiment on the question. Should his
township be in favour of the appropriation he would not oppose it.
Mr. Gould holds up the bugbear of taxation, but the old county
never taxed us improperly, and he had no proof that they ever
would. He considered the expense of building our county build-
ings would be ^610,000, and the cost of transferring registration of
iitles, ^63,000; but notwithstanding this, if he could see how we
were to be benefited by a separation, he would not oppose it.
The people did not want it. Petitions had been circulated, but
how were they signed? Again, is this a proper time to involve
ihe county in heavy expenditure, when every kind of produce is so
low, and the people impoverished ? Other counties, it is said^
less populous and wealthy, have erected their buildings ; but they .
are not satisfied — they complain of expense and neglected roads.
When he was in favour of division, it was when we had not the
handling of our own money ; and when we heard a gentleman in
Toronto say that he hoped to see the grass grow in the streets of
Whitby, then he told Mr. Perry he would go for a division. Cir-
cumstances, however, have changed since then, and the same
necessity does not exist ; besides, the Government, acting on
fictitious petitions, have taken the matter out of the people's hands,
And he wished it restored to the people. Not till then would he
yield a compliance. The cry for division was but an ignis fatuus,
and the people would rise upon those that led them into the snare.
Mr. Gibbs thought the amendment was the best under existing
circumstances, and such as he expected Mr. Gould himself would
introduce, from the expressions he had often heard him make.
But that gentleman has changed his mind. He dreads a tax to be
levied by the old county; but how can he show that we will be
relieved from it ? It was well ascertained at the last meeting of
170 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
the conncil in Toronto that a tax would not be levied on York
and Peel without Ontario partaking of it, and it was resolved to
refund any amount raised from Ontario for improvements in the
old county when separation should take place, and he would there-
fore be in favour of letting the taxpayers decide the question.
Why this haste? What has changed Mr. Gould's mind? He
thought, surely, that the extension of the Division Court Act had
lessened the necessity of separation. He found that the expenses
of the new county would be about $2,000 per annum, and the
people are now complaining of taxes. True, we could not enjoy
municipal government without taxation, but the taxes for gaola
and court houses were not necessary for the good of the people — at
least, he would give the people the opportunity of saying whether
they were so or not, and then he would yield to their decision.
Mr. Ewers would oppose the amendment of Mr. Michell, because
that gentleman had not brought a single argument in favour of
delay. Mr. Gibbs says the Legislature will settle the amount to be
refunded by the old county, thus showing, even in his opinion, a
separation is not far distant ; and if not far distant, why not at
once, and before we are thoroughly fleeced by the old county?
Should the question of choosing the site for the county buildings be
left to the people, where should we not want them ? What would
Mr. Gibbs have us do, if not do as Oshawa once did : asked the
Government to shut up the road leading to Whitby harbour ?
(Hear, hear.) If the site had been chosen in a certain neighbour-
hood, Mr. Gibbs would not refuse ^610,000, or £20,000 if need be^
for the public buildings. (Cheers.) He would therefore vote for
the resolution.
Mr. Galloway opposed the resolution, because the petitions for
division were signed by names of persons who, he would not say
were unborn, but to his knowledge the names of suckling babies-
were attached to them.
Mr. Paxton said that in his belief the whole people were in
PROVISIONAL COUNCIL — DISCUSSION. 171
favour of the appropriation, and this being so, was it not their
duty, according to their oath, to consult their interests — not the
interests of this or that neighbourhood individually, but the whole
county <> We have contended for a division for six years, and had
we such obstructionists as Messrs. Gibbs and Michell, we might
have to contend many years. The selfishness of Mr. Michell led
him to favour a division when the back townships were unequally
assessed, and when they had to pay as much tax for an acre of
swamp as the front had to pay for an acre worth forty dollars^
but now that the assessment is equalized, and the front has to
bear an equal proportion with the rear in the cost, he turns about
and opposes it. (Cheers.)
Mr. Gibbs, in answer to Mr. Gould, said that as he had been
confined by illness, he could not learn whether the courthouse in
Toronto had been sold or not, and went on to show the expense of
carrying on the county business, which he estimated yearly at
^62,000.
Mr. Michell denied that the equalization of taxation was the
cause of his opposition now, and enquired the cause of Mr. Gould's
change of position.
Mr. Gould said he opposed a division formerly, on the ground
that Mr. Michell supported it — the unequal burdens on the back
townships by an arbitrary assessment law; and he supported it
now on the grounds that Mr. Michell opposes the appropriation —
because the burden is now equal. If Mr. Michell be such a stickler
for appeals to the people in everything that the people expect him
to act on, why not ask for an appeal to the people before he voted
for the assessment in Toronto for^the new buildings ? (Cheers.)
Mr. Taylor was astonished at the factious opposition of Mr,
Michell. He had nominated him, on the ground of his promise
not to oppose the appropriation, but he has wonderfully changed.
For himself, he had always been the same under every circum*
stance, and would now vote for the appropriation, not only because
172 THK LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
he believed it to be just and sound policy, but because he believed
the majority of his constituents thought likewise.
Mr. Dryden said that seven-eighths of the criminal cases of the
<50unties belonged to Toronto, and therefore if but one-third of the
expense were borne by us, the amount would be but trifling com-
pared to the estimates of Mr. Gibbs. That gentleman must be
fond of exaggerations. Mr. Dryden spoke at considerable length,
and believed Mr. Gibbs' opposition to the appropriation arose more
irom disappointment than anything else, for that gentleman knew
well that should an assessment be levied in one year for erecting
the buildings, it would not exceed a penny in the pound.
Mr. Michell rose to defend his constituency from the foul
aspersions that had been cast upon it by Mr. Gould and others.
He denied that he was influenced by selfish motives, either when
he opposed or advocated a division. He had circulated petitions
in Pickering, but with all his influence could not get ten signers.
Mr. Gould asked the reeves and deputies to canvass the con-
sistency of Mr. Michell. He tells us at one time, when be was in
favour of division, that four-fifths of Pickering were for division,
and again that he could not get ten signers to the petitions for that
object with all his influence. His arguments can no more hang
together than the consistency of his various movements, and he ♦
xegretted exceedingly the humiliating position that that gentleman
had placed himself in before a new county. Mr. Gould continued
fipeaking at great length, going fully into the different improve-
ments of the old county buildings, for which we have been taxed
different times ; the object of the old county in pushing forward
the present tax; and strongly urging the Council to make this
glorious effort to advance the interests of this section of the county
by voting the appropriation. He sat down amidst great cheering.
The question was then put, and the resolution to appropriate
ijarried by the vote of the warden.
The Council then adjourned, to meet again after the adjourn-
1 '
THE STRUGGLE FOR SEPARATION. 175
ment of the United Counties' Council at Toronto (provided that the
day be not Sunday, and if so, then the Monday following), in the
Free Church at Whitby Village. Mr. Hannam's residence, corner
of Brock and Mary Streets, was the old Free Church ; it was free
to all denominations, and was largely used for public meetings.
On the same evening the Provisional Council embarked for
Toronto on board the Admiral, to take their seats in the United
Counties' Council.
When the Provisional Council met again on Monday, 10th
May, there was no quorum, the members opposed to separation,,
numbering one-half the body, all absenting themselves from the
meeting, by preconcerted arrangement as was charged, in order
to prevent the transaction of business; and so block further
proceedings.
Thus was the county of Ontario organized on the 8rd of May,
1852. The passage of a resolution to raise the necessary funds for
the erection of the county buildings was their first important act.
For six years previously the friends of the new county had
struggled hard to give it existence. The difficulties in the way
were numerous and formidable, and had to be encountered ai
every step. There was a strong city influence of the bankers,
merchants, and others of Toronto opposed to separation from the
county of York, which, with the local jealousies and divisions then
raging, principally on account of the location of the county town
at Whitby, might well have deterred from the task men less-
courageous and determined than those who entered the early
struggle for county independence. The record gives the yeas and
nays on the vote as follows : Yeas — Messrs. Eowe, Paxton, Gould,.
Bobinson, Dryden, Taylor, Ewers — 7. Nays— Messrs. Michell,
Gibbs, Sproule, Galloway, Bouchier, McPherson, Carmichael — 7.
The double vote of Mr. Gould carried the day. Had he failed
his friends, or hesitated to exercise his right to give the casting
vote, as provisional warden, in favour of the appropriation at that
17.4 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
fiupreme moment, the separate existence of the county of Ontario
might have been indefinitely postponed, and "Whitby's chances of
being the future county town hopelessly jeopardized. The con-
struction of the Northern Eailway in 1858, touching Lake Simcoe,
and giving the northern townships a new front, would have lost
Thorah and Mara and Bama, and probably Brock.
Nor was the struggle yet ended. A protest had been entered
against what had been done, and a document drawn up and signed
by six of the protesters, withdrawing from further attendance on
the meetings of the Provisional Council. The ostensible reason
put forward for this course was, that they wanted the whole
question submitted to a vote of the ratepayers. This could, how-
ever, be only a pretence, for the ratepayers had been consulted at
the previous municipal elections, and had already instructed their
xepresentatives how to vote. Nevertheless, the Council, as consti-
tuted, had pronounced in favour of the by-law, which was imme-
diately published, to raise six thousand pounds for the purpose of
defraying the expenses of the erection of the county buildings.
The next meeting of the Provisional Council was held on
Tuesday, 1st June, "in the brick schoolhouse," Whitby. Nine
members were present on this occasion, viz.: — Messrs. Carmichael,
Dryden, Ewers, Gould, McDonagh, Paxton, Bobinson, Bowe, and
Taylor.
Mr. McDonagh had established his claim to the seat for Mara
and Bama to the satisfaction of the Provisional Council. He
madd a speech in favour of the new county, stating that he had
swam his horse across an arm of Lake Simcoe, in order to be
present to do justice. He was well received, and entertained by
the people of the town and the friends of the new county. Mr.
Carmichael explained his position with regard to signing the
protest, recanted, said, " he had come to perform his duty under
the law," and approved of the course which the Provisional Council
were pursuing.
APPOINTMENT OF COUNTY OFFICERS. 175
At this meeting William Paxton, jun., was appointed county
treasurer. The motion was moved by Mr. McDonagh, seconded
by Mr. Ewers. The following resolution was also passed; it is
here given to settle a question of fact : —
Moved by Mr. McDonagh, seconded by Mr. Ewers : '' That the provisional
warden be instructed to receive as good and sufficient securities the following
persons, viz. : James Dryden, Esq. , William Paxton, sen. , Thomas Paxton, Esq.,
and Mr. Oeorge Paxton, to the amount of £3,000, for the faithful performance
of the duties of Provisional Treasurer of the County of Ontario."— Carried.
A resolution was also passed requesting the Government to
appoint immediately a Begistrar and County Judge.
The by-law to raise the ^56,000 for building purposes was again
passed at this meeting, the legality of the previous action of the
members of the Council, who did not constitute a full quorum, being
doubtless regarded as open to question.
While the war of separation raged at this time, meetings were
held in the various municipalities, at which resolutions were passed
for and against, and in approval or disapproval of the action of their
representatives' at the County Council. Uxbridge especially passed
resolutions' heartily approving of the course of Mr. Joseph Gould.
In Pickering, Pet6r Taylor's course was condemned at a public
meeting, while that of W. H. Michell was approved. The town-
ship was at the time divided into wards. The ratepayers of Mr.
Taylor's Ward (No. 1) subsequently held a meeting, voting con-
fidence in him and denouncing Mr. Michell. '
At the next meeting, which was held in the Free Church on
Thursday, 24th June, the report of a cpmmittee appointed to draft
an address to the Government recommending parties for appoint-
ment to the several county offices, was presented. The recommen-
dations made were — for Sheriff, Ezra Annes ; for Eegistrar, John
Ham Perry ; for County Judge, Zacheus Burnham ; and for Clerk
of the Peace, Chester Draper. The report was amended by substi-
tuting the name of Charles Bobinson, of Thorah, for that of Ezra
176 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Annes, and was so adopted. An unsuccessful attempt was made,
through the interference of the Court of Chancery, to stop further
proceedings in the new county. The courts were also appealed to
to quash the by-law for raising funds for erecting the county build-
ings, and to quash a second by-law passed by the Provisional Council
for raising ^6887, to meet contingent expenses. In the latter the
opposition were successful, the by-law being quashed on technical
grounds. Peter Taylor's seat was attacked, on the ground that he
was ineligible, inasmuch as he was treasurer of the township of
Pickering, for which he sat as deputy reeve in the Provisional
Council. Mr. McDonagh's claim to the seat for Mara and Bama.
was disallowed in Toronto, and Mr. McPherson retained by the
United Cotmties' Council as the representative of the northern town- ^
ships. The proceedings against the new county came to nothing.
The representatives of York and Peel in the United Counties'"
Council, taking advantage of the differences between the Ontario
representatives, manipulated the assessment rolls to their own
advantage. In equalizing they took no less than $200,000 off their
own municipalities, and placed the amount upon the new county
then struggling into life. Reach was increased £62,000, Whitby,
^656,000, Uxbridge, ^613,000, Brock, ^620,000, and so on. Nor did
Oshawa escape ; its value was also largely increased. Mr. Gibbs-
took fire at this treatment, and joined with the friends of the new
county in resisting the injustice.
The site for the county buildings was another bone of contention.
Some half-dozen were laid before the building committee — one of
five acres, north of Dundas Street, belonging to the Perry estate,
being first selected. This was not agreeable to the residents at the
Bay, and, as a compromise, the site upon which the county
buildings now stand — two acres of the Worden estate — waft
accepted.
When the Provisional Council met on the 7th of June, the
by-law to raise £6,000 for county buildings was finally passed.
ABORTIVE LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. 177
and the site agreed upon approved. The contract was let to Mr.
James Wallace. After this therlB was a breathing spell. It was,
however, but of short duration. It was discovered that Oshawa,
as a municipality, was not rated highly enough on the aggregate
assessment of the county, upon which the rate was to be levied for
paying the debentures and interest, issued for the dB6,000, and
this it was believed would prove fatal to the legality of the by-law.
Oshawa was rated at £61,666 instead of ^992,500, the correct
amount. The representatives of Oshawa in fact, who had hitherto
fought against paying anything for erecting county buildings at
Whitby, now complained of the lightness of their taxes for that
purpose ! They had previously been taking advantage of the error
of under-valuation, and paying less county taxes than their just
proportion in the United Counties' Council. They now sought to
take advantage of their own wrong with the view of quashing the.
by-law ! Mr. G. H. Grierson got the credit of making the dis-
covery of this legal point. The courts were again resorted to ; but.
the attempt to quash the by-law utterly failed, the lame arguments,
of the relators in the case being scouted by the court.
CHAPTEE XXXI.
First meeting of Provisional Council, 1853— Members present— Proceedings— Mr. Gibbs
elected warden — Displaced— Captain Rowe elected— A retrospect — Claimants for the
County Town— A better understanding — Action of Georgina— Secedes— Mr. Hart-
man's conduct — Unjustifiable legislation— Remonstrance of Mr. Grould— Progress of
the County buildings — Laying the Comer stone — ^An account of the grand doings upon
that occasion — Testimony in favour of Mr. Gould's noble course— A letter from him
placed with the deposits under the Comer stone.
AT the first meeting of the Council for 1858, which was held
10th February, there were present: — From Whitby — James
Eowe, reeve; James Burns, deputy; Pickering — John Lumsden,
reeve; Peter Taylor, deputy; Reach — James French, reeve;
P. A. Hurd, deputy ; Brock — George Brabazon, reeve ; N. Bolster,
deputy ; Uxbridge — Joseph Gould, reeve ; Scott — James Galloway,
reeve; Georgina — John Boyd, reeve; Thorah — Donald Cameron,
reeve; Mara and Eama — James S. Garnett, reeve; Oshawa —
T. N. Gibbs, reeve.
Mr. Gibbs was elected provisional warden, the vote being taken
by ballot. Some members of the Council took umbrage at remarks
made by Mr. Gibbs on taking his. seat. He was understood to say
that his election to the wardenship showed that his course in the
past, in opposing the setting off of the new county, had been right,
and had been approved of. This was by no means the case with
some of the northern men, who voted for Mr. Gibbs because of his
personal fitness, and they resolved to let him see it by displacing
him, or rather, as was expressed at the time, to test the opinion of
the Council on the subject. Mr. Gibbs thereupon tendered his
resignation. James Bowe, Beeve of Whitby, was then elected to
FIGHT FOR THE WARDENSHIP. 179
the vacant chair by ^ihe easting vote of the township of Whitby,
as having the largest number of names on the assessment roll,
The vote stood six to six. Bolster, Brabazon, Gould, Lumsden,
Taylor and Eowe, voted yea; Burns, Boyd, Cameron, Gibbs,
Galloway and Kurd, voted nay. Garnett had disclaimed the seat
for Mara and Kama, and French, of Eeach, was inveigled oflf "to
dine with a friend," and kept out of the way until after the vote
was taken.
Looking back now, at this distance of time, at the proceedings
in connection with the organization of the new county, one is
amazed at the bitterness of feeling displayed, and the tenacity
of purpose with which every inch of ground was fought by both
sides. The press teemed with letters full of charges and counter-
charges, impeaching the motives and actions of individual mem-
bers; broad-sheets filled with earnest appeals, and full of fore-
bodings of future ruin, protests and earnest appeals to the rate-
payers against separation, were scattered broadcast throughout the
. country, and public meetings and demonstrations, of all kinds were
continuously held to keep up the excitement. The prize of the
county town was, however, the great stumbling block to union and
independence, for even those who opposed separation could not fail
to see how Ontario was being fleeced, session after session, by the
majority, in the union with York and Peel. To be the county town
was a prize worth fighting for, and perhaps no representative is to
be blamed for doing his best to secure it for his own locaUty. The
claimants, with Whitby, were Brooklin, Manchester, Uxbridge and
Oshawa. With the publication of the proclamation appointing
Whitby, all but Oshawa succumbed. The latter fought it out as
long as there was a hope or a chance, led on by Messrs. Gibbs, Fare-
well and Grierson. James Eowe's election to the wardenship, under
the circumstances, was a bitter pill to have to swallow. But, after
all, it appears to have had the wholesome effect of bringing about a
better understanding. At the very next meeting we find Mr. Gibbs
180 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
voting with the majority, side by side with Mr. Gould and Mr.
Taylor, against a resolution of the representative of Georgina,
" That no further action be taken in the construction of the county
buildings, but that it would be conducive to the interests of the
townships to remain in connection with the county of York."
Oshawa appears to have at last accepted the inevitable.
The work of the county buildings was allowed to go on without
further interruption, and all active opposition had subsided, at the
session of the Provisional Council held in March, '53. Georgina
was unrepresented at this session, having applied to the Legislature
for a special Act to be reunited to York. Mr. Hartman's presence
in Parliament secured the desired legislation from Mr. Hincks,
against the remonstrance of the county of Ontario. Georgina was
lopped off and annexed to York, and Mr. Hartman's seat was there-
by made more secure.
. Mr. Gould exerted himself to the utmost to prevent the departure
of the wayward child, Georgina. He soundly berated Mr. Hartman
for his conduct — an angry correspondence between them being the
only result. He protested against action being taken by the Gov-
ernment — writing friendly letters of remonstrance to Mr. Hincks on
the subject. In a letter under date of the 11th of March, 1855,
addressed to Hon. Francis Hincks, Inspector-General, he says : —
As provisional warden and as a county man, I protest most solemnly
against Georgina being detached ; I protect against the bill now before the
House, and for the reasons already explained to you, and of which I again
beg to remind you — that the whole of the county, except Georgina, are
opposed to it And finally, I beg of you to use your influence as a minister
to prevent the passage of the bill.
He concludes by telling Mr. Hincks that he has written Messrs.
Wright and Hartman on the subject.
But all remonstrances were to no purpose ; the deed was done,
and a most shameful piece of work it was.
A glance at the map will show that Georgina properly belonged
HIS CASTING VOTE. 181
to Ontario, and that attaching it to York was a piece of legislation
that could only have been permitted by a Government desirous of
serving a friend.
The county buildings progressed rapidly in the hands of Mr.
Wallace the contractor. On Thursday, the 80th June, the corner
stone was laid with imposing Masonic ceremonies. The day was a
red-letter day in the annals of the county, and the event is thus
recorded in the Reporter of the week following, in which the " heroic
fortitude of Joseph Gould '* is conspicuously referred to : —
According to the intimation in our last we now proceed to record
the event of the laying of the corner stone of the Court House of
the county of Ontario. It is not needed of us to enter into a recapi-
tulation of the almost overwhelming struggles of our public men in
the attainment of the great and important object of which the laying
of the chief corner stone on the 80th June, 1858, was the triumphant
consummation, nor of the heroic fortitude of Joseph Gould, of the
noble township of Uxbridge, who, amidst the whirlwind of rage and ,
disappointment of the enemies of this county, and every species of
abuse that malice could invent, with the firD(i and unwavering spirit
of a man who can be relied on in an emergency, braved the storm,
and by his casting vote on the 1st of June, 1852, according to the
provisions of the municipal law founded this county. He witnessed
on the 80th ult. the laying of the corner stone of the county
buildings, for which he laboured so incessantly, and the benefits of
which to this section of country we hope he will live many years to
enjoy. At no distant day we trust that both he and his co-labourers
in this work will witness the whole length of this county spanned
by the iron rail, and its fertile townships the thoroughfare of the
commercial traffic between two great lakes.
Pursuant to the request of the provisional warden, James Bowe,
Esq., and the contractor, James Wallace, Esq., the fraternity of
Ereemasons began to assemble at an early hour on Thursday, 80th
ult. The day was beautiful, and the town of Whitby presented a
gay appearance as every avenue leading to it poured in its line of
182 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
carriages filled with happy faces. Along the east front of the Court
House, an area was enclosed, and strong and substantial raised
seats at either end erected. In the centre was a raised dais covered
with carpet, appropriated to the oflScers of the Grand Lodge of
Freemasons of the Province of Canada, the provisional warden of
the county, the provisional council, the members for the county, the
bar, the clergy and' distinguished strangers. The arch that spanned
the opening to the area was surmounted by a large crown, foi^ned
of evergreens and roses, and under which was suspended, in letters
formed in evergreens the initials of our glorious Sovereign V.E.,
the whole surmounted by the Union Jack, and from various other
points flags were suspended. At about three o'clock the area began
to fill up, and at the time of the ceremony the seats presented an
interesting appearance, filled as they were with the youth and
beauty of the county. The Brooklin brass band being engaged for
the occasion, arrived at an early hour, preceding the brethren of
Mount Zion Lodge, Borelia; shortly after which the lodge at
Bowmanville arrived, and about two o'clock p.m. the steamer was
announced with the oflScers of the Grand Lodge and brethren from
the different lodges in Toronto, accompanied by the city band. The
Eight Worshipful Grand Master, Sir Allan Napier McNab, was
announced to officiate on the occasion but being suddenly attacked
with illness, and the Deputy Grand Master, Mr. Eidout, being
absent on Eailroad business at Quebec, the duties devolved on Bro.
Eichardson, Grand Secretary. The carriages conveying the grand
officers and brethren from the landing having arrived at the lodge
rooms of the Composite Lodge, the Provincial Grand Lodge was
opened in due and ancient form, after which the brethren,
being properly marshalled, proceeded in open lodge to the Court
House building. There were represented the —
Cadets of Temperance.
Sons of Temperance.
Bar.
Clergy.
LAYING THE CORNER STONK 183
Magistrates.
The Members for Ontario.
Freemasons.
Brethren in proper masonic clothing (i.c., black suit, with the exception of
the vest, which is white, white neck-cloth and gloves), and such
' _ Aprons and Ornaments as they were entitled to wear :
Two Tylers with Drawn Swords.
Music.
Brethren Members of Various Lodges, Two and Two.
A Cornucopia with Com, carried by a Maater.
Two Ewers with Wine and Oil, carried by Masters.
Grand Steward. Grand Steward.
Grand Pursuivant.
« Grand Organist.
Assistant Grand Director of Ceremonies.
Grand Director of Ceremonies.
Grand Superintendent of Works (Architect of the Building)
With the Plans and Inscription Plate.
Past Grand Sword Bearers.
Past Grand Deacons.
Past Grand Secretaries.
Grand Secretary with Book of Constitution on a Cushion.
Grand Registrar, with his Bag.
Grand Treasurer, with Phial containing Coins, etc.
Past Grand Wardens.
Visitors of Distinction.
The Corinthian Light carried by a Master.
The Column of the Junior Grand Warden carried by a Master Mason.
The Junior Grand Warden with the Plumb and Rule.
Banner of The Grand Lodge.
The Doric Light carried by a Master.
The Column of the Senior Grand Warden, carried by a Master Mason.
The Senior Grand Warden with the Level.
The Junior Grand Deacon.
Grand Steward — The Grand Chaplain with Bible on a
Cushion — Grand Steward.
The Deputy Grand Master, with the Square.
The Ionic Light, carried by a Past Master.
184 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
A Past Grand Warden, With the Mallet.
Grand Sword Bearer.
The Grand Master — Senior Grand Deacon.
Two Grand Stewards.
Grand Tyler.
Having arrived at the Buildings, and the acting Deputy Grand
Master, Bro. Bichardson, having taken his stand on the platform
assigned to him, pursuant to ancient custom 'addressed the great
assembly from all parts of the county in these words : —
Men, women and children, here assembled to-day to behold this cere-
mony, know all you, that we be lawful Masons, true to the laws of our
country, and established of old with peace and honour, in most countries, to
do good to our brethren, to build great buildings, and to fear God, who is
the Great Architect -of all things. We have among us secrets which may
not be revealed, and which no man has discovered, but these secrets are
lawful and honourable to know by Masons, who only have the keeping of
them to the end of time. Unless our craft were good and our calling
honourable, we should not have lasted so many centuries, nor should we
have had so many illustrious brothers. in our Order, ready to promote our
laws and further our interests. To-day we are assembled in the presence of
you, to lay the Foundation Stone of Buildings for the public use of this
new county, and promote harmony and brotherly love, till the world itself
shall end. So mote it be.
A prayer was then offered up by the Grand Chaplain, Eev.
Bro. Mayerhoffer, when amidst a strain of music from the band,
the Acting Grand Master descended, accompanied by his officers,
and approached the north-east corner. The stone being pre-
viously raised, the Acting Grand Master placed the deposits
underneath. (The deposits were : — Minutes of Provisional Council,
Toronto papers of Thursday, June 80th, Scobie's Almanac, Ontario
Reporter and Oshawa Freeman, a List of the Executive Govern-
ment, Members of both branches of the Legislature, of the Judi-
ciary, and other functionaries of the Province, last number of
Ccmadian Journal, various silver and copper moneys of the realm.
MASONIC CEREMONIES. 185
a copy of a letter of Joseph Gould, Esq., concerning the new
county.)
The following inscription is engrossed on parchment, and also
placed in the bottle, which was carefully embedded in pulverized
charcoal in the cavity : —
This
The Chief Comer Stone
Of the Court House and Public Ofl&ces
Of the County of Ontario,
was laid on
Thursday, the Thirtieth day of June,
in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three. '
In the seventeenth year of the Reign
of
Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria,
The Right Honourable the Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, K.T.,
being
Governor-General of British North America,
by
The Grand Lodge
of
Free and Accepted Masons of Canada West.
On the invitation and in the presence
Of the Municipal Council and the Inhabitants
of the said County.
The Provisional Mimicipal Council : — James Rowe, Esq., Warden ; Thomas
K Gibbs, Reeve of Oshawa ; James Bums, Deputy-Reeve of Whitby ;
John M. Lumsden, Reeve of Pickering ; Peter Taylor, Deputy-Reeve
of Pickering ; Thos. Paxton, Reeve of Reach and Scugog ; Abel W.
Ewers, Deputy-Reeve of Reach and Scugog; Nathaniel Bolster,
Deputy-Reeve of Brock ; George Brabazon, Reeve of Brock ; James
Galloway, Reeve of Scott ; Donald Cameron, Reeve of Thorah ;
Joseph Gould, Reeve of Uxbridge, Michael McDonagh, Reeve of
Mara and Rama ; William Powson, Clerk ; William Paxton, Treasurer.
Cumberland and Storm, Architects.
James Wallace, Contractor.
The mortar being spread, the stone was then slowly lowered to
its permanent resting place amidst the solemn and magnificent
186 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
strains of the National Anthem by both bands. The plumb, square
and level were then each respectively handed by the Chief Architect
to the Acting Grand Master, who after applying them pro-
nounced the stone " well formed, true and trusty." Three immense
cheers were then given for the Queen, and three for the county of
Ontario. The silver vessels containing the com, wine and oil were
then presented by the Grand Wardens, and were each successively
poured on the stone by the Acting Grand Master, saying : — '" May
the all- bounteous Author of Nature bless the inhabitants of this
place with all the necessaries, conveniences aud comforts of life ;
assist in the erection and completion of this building, protect the
workmen against every accident, and long preserve the structure
from decay ; and grant to us all, in needed supply, the com of
nourishment, the wine of refreshment, and the oil of joy I '^
"Amen ! So mote it be ! Amen ! "
The stone was then struck three times with the wMet, and the
ceremony was concluded amidst immense cheering from the vast
multitude. The procession was then re-formed, and proceeding
through the principal streets of Whitby, returned to the lodge room
at Scripture's, and the Masonic Lodge was closed.
Amos Wright, Esq., member for this county, made some encour-
aging remarks touching our railroad prospects from his place on
the platform, and was followed by the Eev. J. T. Byrne.
There was a grand dinner after the ceremony, at which every-
body was toasted and everybody's prosperity drank, as well as the
future prosperity of the new county. The presence of Mr. Gibba
and others who had taken part in opposing the setting off of the
county shows that all were now working amicably together.
CHAPTEE XXXII.
The fight for the County offices — Proclamation dissolving the union of Counties — The
County of Ontario constituted — Official appointments — New Commission of the
Peace— Sheriff Reynolds's appointment.
THE appointment of County officers caused the next commotion.
For the offices there was the usual scramble on such occasions,
and more than the usual excitement in the struggle to secure them.
The applicants were many and clamorous, each believing his own
merits and his personal and party claims to be the best. Judge
Burnham had been already appointed Associate Judge of the United
Counties of York, Peel and Ontario, in 1852, on the petition of the
Provisional Council, and had been previously Judge of the Division
Court. Mr. J. H. Perry received the appointment' of Eegistrar in
October, 1858. He was appointed under a special provision in the
statute respecting the junior counties of Ontario, Peel, Elgin and
Lambton. The " scrimmage " went on over the other offices,
and especially for the shrievalty was the contest hot and warm.
Mr. Ezra Annes was a prominent applicant ; Mr. John Campbell
had pretensions to it, as well as to the Begistry Office ; Mr. Charles
Bobinson was the nominee of the Provisional Council ; Mr. S. B.
Fairbanks had been recommended by the member for the county
(Mr. Wright), and also by Mr. Hartman. Mr. Wright was brought
to book for the latter recommendation, and was forced to withdraw
it at a public meeting, which also petitioned the Government
against the bestowal of the appointment on Mr. Fairbanks. Finally
delegates were appointed and a convention held in Beach, where
the merits of the respective candidates were discussed. The voting
188 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
was in favour of Mr. Charles Eobinson for Sheriff. There were ten
<5andidates for the office of Clerk of the Peace, the contest finally
settling down between Mr. Chester Draper and Mr. William Powson,
the latter carrying the day. Mr. Peter Taylor, of Pickering, was
Tecommended for the o^ee of Eegistrar, the convention being
-evidently in the dark as to the appointment of Mr. Perry having
been already made. There was afterwards a lull on the surface,
although, beneath it, applicants for office and their friends were
working like beavers to secure them during the remainder of 1858.
On the Ist of January, 1854, the following proclamation was
issued dissolving the union of counties, and erecting Ontario into
£b separate and independent county of the Province : —
> "William Rowan.
PROCLAMATIOK
Province of
Canada.
Victoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
And Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith, etc., etc., etc.
To all to whom these presents shall come — Greeting :
John Ross, ) Whbrbas, by an Act of the Pai-liament of Our Province
Attorney Genl. J of C6,nada, passed in the twelfth year of Our Reign,
Chaptered Seventy-eight, and intituled, "An Act for Abolishing the Terri-
torial Divisions of Upper Canada into Districts, and for providing for
Temporary Unions of Counties for Judicial and other purposes, and for
the future dissolution of such Unions as the increase of wealth and popu-
lation may require," certain provisions are made for the dissolution from
time to time of the different Unions of Counties by the Separation of the
Several Junior Counties as respects all matters both Judicial and Municipal,
and for all other purposes whatsoever, and which provisions are by the said
Act made applicable to the dissolution of such Unions in General. And
whereas, by another Act of Parliament of Our said Province, passed in the
Session thereof held in the fourteenth and fifteenth years of Our Reign,
intituled, " An Act to make certain Alterations in the Territorial Divisions
of Upper Canada," it is amongst other things in effect enacted, that so soon
as the Court House and Gaol in any one of the Counties of Elgin, Waterloo,
Ontario, Brant, Grey, Lambton, or Welland, shall have been erected and
PROCLAMATION OF THE COUNTY. 18^
completed at the County Town of such County according to the provisions
of the fifteenth section of the said first mentioned Act, and the other pro-
visions of the said fifteenth section shall have been complied with by any
one of such counties, and so soon as certain appointments mentioned in the
seventeenth section of the said first recited Act shall have been thereafter
made in any one of the said counties, it shall and may be lawful for the
Governor of Our said Province, in Council, to issue a Proclamation dissolv-
ing the union between 8iny one of such counties and the, county or counties^
to which it may be united. And whereas, a Court House and Gaol for the
said County of Ontario, one of the United Counties of York, Ontario and
Peel, in our said Proyince, have been erected and completed at Whitby, the
County Town of > the said county, according to the provisions of the said
fifteenth section of the said first mentioned Act and the other provisions of
the said fifteenth section have been complied with by the said county, and
the appointments mentioned in the said seventeenth section of the said Act
have been made : And whereas the Provisional Municipal Council of the
said county have, thereupon, by their petition to Our Administrator of the
Government of Our said Province in Council, Prayed that a Proclamation
might be issued by Our said Administrator of the Government in Council,
disuniting the said County of Ontario from the said Union : And whereas
it hath by Our said Administrator of the Government in Council been,
thereupon, thought expedient that such Proclamation shall be accordingly
issued, to bear teste on and to declare such separation upon, from and after
the thirtieth day of this present month of December: Now, therefore,
know ye, that "We, taking the premises in Our Koyal Consideration and fully
approving of the Resolution so come to by Our said Administrator of the
Government in Council in that behalf have thought fit to issue this, Our
Royal Proclamation for dissolving the said Union. And we do accordingly,
in pursuance of the provisions of the said Acts of Parliament, hereby declare
that upon, from and after the said Thirtieth day of December instant,
the said Union of the said United Counties of York, Peel and Ontario, shall
be and the same is hereby absolutely dissolved, and that from thenceforth
the said County of Ontario shall be disunited from the said Counties of
York and Peel, and have a separate and independent organization of its own
as to all matters Judicial and Municipal, as well as for all other purposes
whatsoever. And we do further declare, that the Provisional Municipal
Council of the said County of Ontario shall, upon the day aforesaid, lapse
and be absolutely dissolved, and that from thenceforth none of the Courts
190 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
nor Officers of the said Union shall as such have any jurisdiction or authority
whatever in or over the said County of Ontario ; anything in their respective
commissions, or in any Act of Parliament, either of the Province of Canada
or late Province of Upper Canada, to the contrary thereof in anywise
notwithstanding.
And we do further, in pursuance of the said first mentioned Act of
Parliament, hereby further declare, that the said remaining Counties of
York and Peel shall, upon, from and after the said Thirtieth day of
December instant, constitute and form a Union of Counties under the said
Acts, by and under the name and style of the United Counties of York
and Peel, and shall continue so to form such last mentioned Union until
the same shall be in like manner dissolved in due form of law. And know
ye, that we have commanded and ordained, and by these presents do com-
mand and ordain that all Magistrates and other Officers holding commissions
from us, or by our authority or otherwise howsoever of, in or for the said
United Counties of York, Ontario and Peel, except only such of Our
Justices of the Peace for the said 'United Counties as shall be now resident
in the County of Ontario, shall, in Our name, or otherwise according to law,
continue to exercise the duties of their respective offices in and for the said
United Counties of York and Peel as if they had been appointed in and for
such last mentioned Union, until our Royal Pleasure shall be further made
known therein, or the authority of such officers in that behalf shall be
otherwise determined according to law. Of all and singular which premises
all Judges, Justices, SherifiFs, Magistrates, Constables and Officers of the
said United Counties of York, Ontario and Peel, and all Our loving subjects
of the said Counties, as well sis of all others whom it doth or may in any-
wise concern, are hereby required to take notice and to govern themselves
accordingly.
In Testimony Whereof, we have caused these Our letters to be made
Patent, and the Great Seal of Our said Province of Canada to be here-
unto affixed. Witness Our Trusty and Well beloved William Rowan,
Esq., C,B., Administrator of the Government of our said Province, and
Lieutenant-General Commanding Our Forces therein, etc., etc., etc., at
Quebec, in our said Province, this Thirtieth day of December, in the
Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Fifty-three, and
in the Seventeenth Year of Our Reign.
By Command,
P. J. 0. Chauveau, Secretary,
COUNTY APPOINTMENTS. 191
SimultaneouBly with the issue of the proclamation of December,
1858, the official Gazette contained the following appointments:
Z. Bumham, Esq., to be Judge of the County and Surrogate Courts
of the county of Ontario; Nelson Gilbert Eeynolds, Esq., to be
Sheriff, and Bernard Frey Ball, Esq., barrister-at-law, to be Clerk
of the Peace.
At the same time Joseph Clark, Joseph E. Thompson, Wm.
McMuUen and Eobert W. Clarke, M.D., were appointed County
Coroners.
The following commission of the peace also issued — J. B. Warren,
W. Bagshaw, M. Cowan, M. McDonagh, A. Bagshaw, W. Allison,
A. Campbell, E. McMillan, J. H. Thompson, A. Hurd, J. Campbell,
C. Eobinson, Wm. Dunbar, J. Dryden, J. Lomax, J. Eeekie, P.
Whitney, E. Campbell, G. Bostwick, L. Mackey, S. Mason, E.
Birrell, W. F. Moore, A. Spears, F. Green, W. Don, J. Hunter,
W. H. Gibbs, J. Foote, A. Fullerton, G. W. Post, H. Major, T. P.
White, J. Clerke, W. H. Michell, P. Taylor, J. Vail, J. Churchill,
I. B. Carpenter, J. Nichol, J. Burns, J. Campbell, C. Campbell,
A. Farewell, E. Annes, J. H. Perry, C. H. Lynde, J. S. M. Wilcox,
E. J. Gunn, J. Hepburn, J. Harnden, jun., J. Eadcliffe, G. Brabazon,
C. Gibbs, M. Cowan, jun., E. Way, M. Gillespie, T. Paxton, W.
Powson, E. Wells, J. Burnham, E. Lund, G. Currie, J. K. Vernon,
L. Card, J. McPherson, J. S. Gamett, G. Smith, G. Proctor,
K. Cameron, W. McCaskill, D. Cameron, J. Gould, E. Spears,
J. Wideman, W. Eandall.
On the 21st Mr. J. V. Ham was appointed Clerk of the County
Court and Eegistrar of the Surrogate Court for the county.
Mr. Eeynolds, the new sheriff, was a stranger residing in
Belleville. He had no claim whatever to the office, and was
appointed through the influence of Hon. John Eoss. As might be
expected, the setting aside of the claims of county men and giving
the office to an outsider was not received with satisfaction.
CHAPTEE XXXIII.
1854 — First meeting of the new County Council— Members present— Proceedings — Mr,
Gibbs elected warden — County officials appointed— Names and dates — Opening of
the courthouse — First sessions of the peace — Compliment to Mr. Gibbs — First-
assizes — Compliments all around — The Bailway question — Influential meeting-
Resolutions passed— Railway charter obtained— Directors— Steps taken to build »
line from Whitby to Georgian Bay — Sykes and Co.'s offer to build the road— The
question at the municipal elections— By-law before the County Council discussed-
Mr. Abraham Farewell's advocacy— Defeat of the by-laws — Its disa^trou8 effects-
Offer of Hon. George Brown— Surveys— Vain appeals to the County Council- Causes-
of hostility to the project— Action of the town of Whitby — County by-law submitted
— Defeated— The EAilway agitation kept up— Other lines projected and extended-
EAilway campaigns— Celebration of the opening of the Toronto and Nipissing.
THE first meeting of the new County Council, now an indepen-
dent county de jure and de facto, was held on Monday, 23rd
January, 1854, at the new courthouse in Whitby. The following
gentlemen were the Beeves and Deputy-Eeeves of the several
municipalities: — ^Brock, John Hall Thompson and John Hart;
Mara and Bama, Thomas McDermott ; Pickering, John M. Lumsden
and Peter Taylor ; Beach and Scugog, Thomas Paxton and Bobert
Wells ; Scott, Jas. K. Vernon ; Thorah, Neil McDougall ; Uxbridge,
Wm. Hamilton ; Whitby, John Ham Perry and Abraham Farewell ;
Oshawa, T. N. Gibbs. Mr. Gibbs was elected Warden. Mr. H. J,
Macdonell was at the same time appointed County Clerk.
Mr. John Shier, P.L.S., was appointed County Engineer.
On the death of Mr. Ball, in 1856, Mr. Macdonell received the
appointment of Clerk of the Peace, and filled the office up to his
death, in 1877, when it fell to Mr. J. E. Farewell as County
Attorney. Previous to that Mr. W. H. Tremayne was appointed
County Attorney, in 1858 ; and after him Mr. S. & Cochrane, in
THE COUNTY ORGANIZED. 193
1868, on whose death, in 1872, Mr. Farewell was appointed. Judge
DartnelFs appointment as Junior County Judge took place in 1878.
Mr. Shier was appointed County Clerk on the death of Mr.
Macdonell, and Mr. Farewell on the death of Mr. Shier. Mr. Wm.
Laing was appointed County Treasurer on the death of Mr. Peter
Taylor, who succeeded Mr. Paxton in the ofl&ce. Mr. Jas. B. Laing,
the present incumbent, was promoted from assistant treasurer to
his father's position in 1882.
The new courthouse was opened on Tuesday, 4th April — the
first sessions of the peace being on that and the following day by
his Honor, Judge Burnham : Mr. Donald McKay, of Pickering, was
foreman of the first grand jury. His Honor, in the course of an
elaborate and able charge, referred to the difi&culties that had to be
encountered in securing separation from York, and the encouraging
prospect before the new county.
Mr. Gibbs appears to have made a very successful Warden
during his year of oflSce. A very practical address delivered by
him, on the state of the county finances and general business, is;
reported in full in the proceedings of the following June session,,
and a complimentary resolution is also passed him for his services.
Mr. Gibbs made advances of money at the time for carrying on the
county's business, and generally identified himself with the county's
interest and future prosperity, now that the question of the county
town was settled beyond recall. At the meeting of the council,
22nd January, 1855, he was re-elected Warden. And at the June
session following we find the following resolution passed at the
close of the proceedings : —
"Mr. McDougall, seconded by Mr. Hewitt, moves — That the
members of this Council cannot separate without first expressing
their warmest and sincere thanks to the Warden for the able and
impartial manner in which he has always acted in presiding over
this Council ; and it is the sincere wish of every member of this
Council that this county will have the benefit of his valuable and
indefatigable labours as Warden for many years to come."
194 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
The first Court of Assize for the county was opened by Mr.
Justice Bums on Monday, 10th April, 1854. There was only one
criminal charge (a case of larceny) and three records for trial. The
late Judge Morrison attended as Solicitor-General; Carelton Lynde
was foreman of the Grand Jury.
In their presentment, Sheriff Beynolds is praised for his efficiency,
and it is added — "Our Sheriff, though a stranger, merits the appro-
bation of all for the foresight and judgment displayed in the arrange-
ments made for conc^ucting the assizes ; and although we may feel
disposed to condemn the principle involved in the Government
appointment, we have no reason to find fault with the man." The
appointment of an outsider as sheriff, contrary to the voice of the peo-
ple of the county, as expressed at public meeting, was naturally dis-
tasteful, and especially so to the resident applicants for the shrievalty.
Mr. Sheriff Eeynolds's conduct, however, although "a stranger" was
not long in securing for him the good opinion of the community.
The other officials of the court, and especially the high constable, Mr.
Seller, get a favourable word. The ladies are not omitted ; they
were invited to reserved seats in court; a dinner was given at
Scripture's hotel, and there was general complaisance and rejoicing
all around. Thenceforward the county pursued " the even tenor of
its way." Bailroads and Boad and Bridge appropriations were
ihe important questions up for discussion at several meetings.
The project of a railway from Whitby to Georgian Bay had been
agitated long before the separation of the county. With the inau-
guration of the new county the special agitation of the question
commenced. Now, said the men in advance of the slow growth of
public opinion respecting railways, in that day, that we have the
county question settled, the next thing to be secured to the pro-
gressive welfare of the county is a railroad from Port Whitby to
Georgian Bay ; and if we put our shoulders to the wheel with a wiU,
this great achievement can lEtlso be accomplished. A preliminary
meeting was held on the 18th November, 1852, in Whitby, at which
COUNTY RA.ILWAY PROJECT. . 195
James Bowe presided, and John Ham Perry aoted as secretary.
A committee to forward the project was appointed, consisting of Dr.
Gmm, Messrs. James Wallace, J. H. Perry, E. Annes, Hugh
Fraser, Lewis Houck, E. H. Lawder, James Eowe andL. H. Scho-
field. A public meeting was next got up, the requisition calling it
being signed by the leading men of the town and townships.
The meeting was largely attended, James Bowe occupied the
chair, and H. J. Macdonell acted as secretary. We are told that
"the wealth and intelligence of the township" — ^then including
the town of Whitby and East Whitby — " were well represented."
The following resolutions passed : —
Moved by Mr. Wm. Laing, and seconded by Mr. T. Dow :
Resolved^ — ** That this meeting views with pleasure and satisfac-
tion the probability. of shortly having through this beautiful Pro-
vince a through system of railroads, which in addition to their
being the great civilizers and benefactors of mankind, are well
calculated to draw out the industry and enterprise of a people and
unfold the riches and treasures of a county."
Moved by Mr. Ezra Annes, and seconded by Mr. Jas. Hodgson :
Resolved, — " That the position of the western part of Upper
Canada is such, situated between and bounded by Lakes Ontario,
Erie and Huron, it naturally can, with prudent and judicious
arrangements command the great carrying trade of the far west to
the Atlantic cities, and vice veraa'^
Moved by Mr. John H. Perry, and seconded by Dr* Foote :
Resolved, — " That the tract of country fron^ Port Whitby, on
Lake Ontario, to Sturgeon Bay, on Lake Huron, offers many and
important advantages for the construction of a railroad, over all
other projected routes between those lakes — viz., while, for instance,
the Toronto, Simcoe and Huron Bailroad, which stands next in
favourableness of route to this proposed line, will lessen the distance
between Mackinaw on the west, and New York and Boston on the
east, about 810 miles, the Port Whitby and Huron Boad by narrows
19,6 . THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Lake Simcoe, will again decrease the distance some forty miles
below the Toronto and Huron route — a suflQcient consideration to
be able always to compete successfully with rival lines, and, in
addition to having natural harbours at both terminuses, no exca-
vating, embankment or bridging of account will be required, and
will open up an extent of country which for fertility of soil,
healthiness of climate and natural advantages is not surpassed in
Canada."
Moved by Mr. Wallace, and seconded by Mr. Hopkins :
Resolved, — " That immediate steps be taken to obtain, at the
adjourned session of Parliament, a charter to incorporate a company
with a capital of £ , to construct a line of railroad from Port
Whitby to Sturgeon Bay, or some other suitable point on Lake
Huron."
Moved by Mr. E. H. Lawder, and seconded by Mr. McPherson :
Resolved, — " That a committee of thirteen be appointed, to con-
sist of Dr. Alliston, James Wallace, J. H. Perry, Wm. Laing, James
Eowe, John Welsh, Dr. E. J. Gunn, E. Annes, Wm. Gordon, James
Hodgson, and John Shier, whose duty it shall be to carry out the
above resolution, and perform and transact all other business and
matters requisite for the speedy prosecution of this important work."
Moved by Z. Bumham, Esq., and seconded by Mr. Annes : .
Resolved, — " That the co-operation of Amos Wright, Esq., and
Joseph Hartman, Esq., M.PP.'s for the third and fourth ridings of
York, is respectfully requested to aid and assist the above committee
to obtain a charter for the proposed road, and carry out the views
of this meeting."
Moved by Dr. Gunn, and seconded by Mr. Wallace :
Resolved, — " That a subscription be now entered into for the
purpose of meeting the expenses of obtaining a charter and other
disbursements necessarily arising out of the foregoing resolutions,
to be collected by the aforesaid committee and paid over to the
treasurer by them appointed, whose duty it shall be to pay out such
CHARTER GRANTED — PUBLIC MEETINGS. 197
money on the order of the chairman of the said committee, comiter-
signed by their secretary."
A su];»scription was then entered into and upwards of one
hundred pounds subscribed by parties attending the meeting, for
the purpose of paying preliminary expenses, etc.
Meetings were held in town and county during the next few
months at a lively rate, at all of which the propriety of constructing
the railway was fully discussed, and approved of. Mr. A. J. Eobin-
son and Mr. John Shier made preliminary surveys of portions of
the route and estimates of cost — ^the latter being set down at ^£4,000
per mile.
In April, 1853, the first railway charter was granted. It was to
incorporate *' The Port Whitby and Lake Huron Eailway Company."
The corporators named in the charter are Joseph Gould, Peter
Taylor, Henry Daniels, James Eowe, Wm. Laing, Ezra Annes,
James Wallace, John .Shier and R. J. Gunn. Capital d£250,000
divided into 25,000 shares of £10 each. At the first meeting of
the provisional directors, held 15th May following, Ezra Annes was
elected President; W. Laing, Vice-President; John H. Perry,
Secretary and Treasurer ; and John Shier, Engineer.
Meetings were immediately held and surveys pushed forward,
and the directors appear to have gone to work with vigour to bring
the merits of the undertaking prominently before the public. A
preliminary survey as far as Manchester was made, and the route
found quite favourable. The hopefulness of the project is spoken of
as follows : ''In fact there are no engineering difiSculties to contend
with on the whole line. The whole country, from the southern
terminus to the Georgian Bay, cannot be excelled in the Province
in its natural advantages for the easy and cheap construction of a
jrailway to connect the two great lakes, Ontario and Huron. Our
peculiar position in relation to Lakes Scugog and Simcoe also is
such that no line of road of the same length in the Western
Province can command the trade of the same extent of country as
198 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
the proposed northern line from this point. Take Port Whitby as
the starting-point — for twenty-four miles north the country is rich
and flourishing, laps the head of Lake Seugog, which ^11 be a
feeder to the road, drawing the trade and traffic from the north-east
(of a distance from sixty to one hundred miles) in this direction.
Another section of twenty-two miles will bring us to Simcoe, there
to compete for the trade bordering on that lake. And a third
section of thirty miles, also running through a portion of country
unsurpassed for its fertility of soil, and we are at the Georgian Bay,
in direct communication with the far west, and the rich and
valuable mines of Lake Superior. The road once built, it would be
the shortest, cheapest and no doubt the favourite route of travel from
the Atlantic cities to the west and vice versa, and, irrespective of
its local advantages from the through trade and travel alone, it
would become the leading and favourite road of the Province."
The agitation went on and meetings continued to be held, one
of the results being that even at that early day the ratepayers of
the township of Mariposa agreed to take £20,000 stock, provided
the road ran through that township. They had offers of a road
then from Peterborough across the county, but they looked to
Whitby as their natural outlet. In November, 1853, the Company
had an offer from Sykes & Go. to build the road from lake to lake
— an offer so entirely favourable as should have recommended its
instant acceptance.
The offer was as follows : —
"I am directed by Messrs. J. Sykes & Co. to say that they
will build the Port Whitby and Lake Huron Eailway in first-class
manner, and furnish the required rolling stock and make arrange-
ments for the stock to be taken up in England on the following
conditions :
'' 1st. That municipal aid to the extent of £8,000 sterling per
mile be loaned to constitute a first charge upon the road.
** 2nd. That sufficient stock be taken within the district to
FAVOURABLE TENDERS. 199
p^chase right of way, office (your own) expenses, including
Engineer, Solicitor, Secretary, and if any such is appointed, the
salary of a paid Director (during the construction of the road), and
any other incidental expenses connected with your own acts.
" The road shall be equal to any road in the Province and
they will guarantee to build it within reasonable time, paying
interest upon the bonds during construction, and at a reasonable
price, and will be prepared to go over the road and give tender as
soon as you have the municipalities pledged to the undertaking.
" Your obedient servant,
"W.C.Evans."
The acceptance of this offer would have placed the county in an
excellent position. If the road earned enough to pay interest on
£8,000 a mile, it would not cost the county a shilling. While the
road was in progress of construction the interest would be paid by
the contractors, and to secure principal and interest a first
mortgage would be given on the line. A large county meeting was
held at Epsom on the 15th December, at which resolutions were
passed approving of the liberality of the offer of Sykes & Co., and
pledging those present, individually and collectively, to adopt the
best means in their power to procure the desired loan upon the
credit of the county.
The municipal elections in the following January mainly turned
upon the railroad question. The two parties, Bailway and Anti-
Bailway, were very evenly balanced in the Council. At the first
meeting of the County Council, in January, 1854, Mr. J. H. Perry
brought up the question. He moved for leave to introduce a
by-law to loan the credit of the county to the amount of £ ,
for the purpose of constructing a railway from Port Whitby to
Lake Huron. A discussion ensued. Mr. Perry stated that he only
desired to pass the by-law through a first reading and print it for
the information of the people. Mr. Thompson, of Brock, moved ixx
200 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
amendment that it was inexpedient to print such a by-law.
Messrs. Lmnsden and Taylor, from Pickering, opposed the intro-
duction of the Bill altogether, having been pledged to do so by
their township. Mr. Hamilton, of Uxbridge, opposed the first
move being made, because he thought "a good farmer should
prevent the first seed of a poisonous weed from getting into his
field." To which Mr. Wells replied that '* the Eeeve of Uxbridge
stated what was not good farming in fact, for land could not become
rich without becoming manured, and he would not withhold manure
for fear of its containing a poisonous weed.'' Such are specimens
of the arguments then used.
Mr. A. Farewell warmly espoused the railway cause from the
start, and sacrificed his popularity in his own section to what he
rightly regarded as the interest of the county as a whole. What,
he said, it was proposed to do was to take the initiatory steps,
by laying information before, the county as to the amount to be
guaranteed, the nature of the security required, the terms of
disbursement as the works proceed, and other matters which it was
desirable the people of the county should know.
He wished to show the county that the proposition of Sykes &
Co. would secure the road, and cost the county nothing. The
question on amendment being put, the yeas and nays stood as
follows : Hamilton, Hart, Lumsden, McDermott, Taylor and
Thompson — six for ; Farewell, McDougall, Paxton, Perry, Vernon
and Wells — six against and in favour of submitting the by-law.
The Warden, Mr. Gibbs, voted with the yeas, for the amendment,
which he declared carried. This first check to the enterprise was
disastrous in its consequences ; it not only prevented the Company
from taking steps which would enable them to avail themselves of
the favourable offer of Sykes & Co., but by putting back the project
gave Port Hope and the railway promoters to the east and west the
wished- for opportunity of striking in vigorously and cutting off the
trade which properly belonged to, and naturally would flow through
RAILWAY BY-LAW SUBMITTED. 201
-the length of the county to the county town and port of Whitby.
Subsequently Hon. George Brown made an offer on behalf of a
railway contracting firm, to construct the road from point to point
at £4,500 per mile, but that, too, fell through. Surveys had been
made, and especially an exhaustive survey, costing hundreds of
pounds, by Mr. Shanly. The County Council was appealed to
a«ain and again, in vain, no substantial encouragement could be
obtained from the county, as a corporation. Bailways were then
new to Canada ; their advantages were not understood ; many hon-
estly believed that a railway would not benefit the county, while
the representatives from the east and west opposed it because they
conceived the centre of the county and the county town would only
1)6 benefited, and that to the detriment of their own localities.
Hence their active hostility from the very inception of the scheme*
The agitation for the next few years is one of constant meetings,
discussions, amended charters, and, worst of all, local squabbles
and personal differences between the promoters themselves.
The town of Whitby had courageously come forward and voted
for a by-law taking £75,000 stock ; the. directors had worried and
worked themselves sick, and spent no small amount of money out
of their own purses in placing the feasibility of the scheme and all
the facts before the public, but still little headway had been made.
Once more, at a special session of the County Council on 10th
November, 1857, convened for that purpose, the railway question
was brought forward. After a lengthy discussion, a by-law was
passed authorizing the Warden to subscribe for four thousand
shares, or £100,000, in the capital stock of company. The repre-
sentatives of Pickering, Oshawa, Brock, Uxbridge and Scott voted
against the measure ; while it was sustained by the representatives
of Mara and Bama, Thorah, Beach, Scugog, Whitby and Town of
Whitby. The by-law was submitted to a vote of the ratepayers, to
he taken on 16th December following. The result of the vote in
ihe different localities was the rejection of the by-law. The defeat
202 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
of the by-law in the comity was overwhehning. Still the promoters
lost neither courage nor confidence in the cherished enterprise*
Still the railway continued to be the question of questions in the
county. It entered into all municipal contests, and many of the
best representatives were defeated at the polls because of their
railway sympathies — because they were able to see farther ahead
as to the benefits to be derived from railways than were the bulk of
their neighbours. The great depression of '67 and '58 by which
the county was overtaken, and which paralyzed so many other
enterprises, kept the railway question in the background for some
time. The great mistake of the county municipalities, in rejecting-
a proposition which would give them a railway from lake to lake —
making the county of Ontario the grand highway for the trade of
the west and north — was seized upon by the rival communities to
the east and west to extend their railway operations. Lines run-
ning across the county were projected and charters obtained ; the
Midland extended, and the Toronto and Nipissing built, Uxbridge
and Brock giving bonuses of $50,000 each to the latter, and the
township of Thorah $50,000 to the Midland, and a large portion of
the trade of the county was thus diverted from its natural channeL
In these adverse circumstances, it was seen that the larger and
more comprehensive scheme of a railway from Whitby to Georgian
Bay could not be immediately accomplished ; but that if any por-
tion of the trade of the county were to be retained, and in fact the
county itself saved from being dismembered, prompt action was
necessary — something had to be done by the central portion of the
county to secure railway connection with the front.
The history of the railway campaigns and the adventures of
those engaged in them at this time would fill pages. John Ham
Perry, James Eowe, Sheriff Eeynolds, Chester Draper and others in
the front, backed up by Thomas Paxton, Joseph Bigelow, W. S»
Sexton, J. B. Campbell, James Dryden, and that tried and staunch
friend of the county for so many years, Charles Eobinson, in the
OPENING OF THE TORONTO AND NIPISSING RAILWAY. 203
north, never wearied in their exertions, and worked night and day
in promoting the cause they had undertaken; nor were their purser
made any heavier by the very considerable personal expenses to
which they were subjected. Mr. Gould did all he could in favour
of the county line, and paid a large share of the expenses of the
preliminary survey. That failing, he took up the cause of the pro-
moters of the Nipissing line.' He took stock to the amount of
$10,000, and secured all the benefits possible to be obtained for
Uxbridge by railway connection with Toronto.
The Nipissing line to Uxbridge was formally opened on the
14th of September, 1871. The following account of the celebration
of the occasion is taken from the Uxbridge Journal of the ensuing
week : —
FORMAL OPENING OF THE TORONTO AND NIPISSING RAILROAD.
On Thursday last, the 14th inst., the Narrow Gauge Eailway,
known as the Toronto and Nipissing road, was formally opened
with considerable ^clat. According to previous announcement, the
excursion train arrived at this station at one o'clock, with aboui
four hundred visitors on board, comprising a number of specially^
invited distinguished guests — ^members of the Ontario Cabinet, city
aldermen, the Eailway Board of Management and others. These
were met by the leading men of our village, and, headed by the
band of the 10th Eoyals, which had accompanied the party from
Toronto, were escorted to the drill-shed, where a handsome repast
awaited them. Along the line of railway the various stations were
tastefully festooned with evergreens and appropriate mottoes. The
Uxbridge station was elaborately decorated with an arch of ever-
greens and the motto on the building, "Onward to Fort Garry.""
Five other arches were erected in the village, displaying with
appropriate devices the following mottoes: "Space Conquered;*''
"Labor Omnia Vincit;" "The Old Times have Vanished;"
"Who'd have Thought It;" and "Welcome to Uxbridge." Our
merchants and others seemed to vie with each other in aiding to
204 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
ihe beautifying of the place. Union Jacks and St. George's crosses
floated from almost every building, while streamers crossed the
streets from house to house. The printing-ofl^e was decorated
with evergreens, interspersed with which were the following mot-
toes: "Cead Mille Failthe," and "Broad Gauge Principles but
Harrow Gauge Eailways for us."
Arrived at the drill-shed, the party were not long in introducing
lihemselves to the excellent substantial which had been provided
— a keen relish for which we have no doubt had been iBngendered
Toy the morning's ride — and to which ample justice was done.
The cloth having been removed, the chairman, Mr. John Shed-
den, stated that he had received letters from many of the most
prominent citizens of Canada, all of whom expressed their wishes
for the success of the Toronto and Nipissing Bailway, and their
regret at ijot 'being able to be present at the banquet. He then
proposed " The Queen," which was duly honoured by the company.
Song — "God Save the Queen."
The next toast from the chair was "The Governor-General,"
which was received with all the honours, after which followed
•"The Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario."
The chairman then gave the toast of " The Dominion Govern-
ment," and in doing so he said that he was sorry there was not a
fuller representation of that Cabinet, but he was glad to see that
it was worthily represented in the person of the Hon. J. C. Aikins.
Mr. Aikins responded, saying that he knew how gratified every
member of the Government would have been to be present on the
occasion, but they could not neglect public affairs to attend the
present meeting, however much they might feel interested in it.
He thoroughly believed in the narrow gauge railways, and con-
sidered that the country needed them very much. The Govern-
ment had now a railway scheme of their own in progress — he
lalluded to the Pacific Bailway — so that all parts of the country
vfTOuld be accessible to each other, and the people of the North-
BANQUET — SPEECHES. 20&
West brought into direct communication with us. Twenty years
ago it might be said that there were not ten miles of railway in
Canada, and now there were over three thousand miles. Great as
the progress of the country had been in times past, he believed
that it would be still greater in the future ; and that it might be
so, every encouragement should be given to emigration by the
Dominion Government, in order that the waste places of the land
might be brought under cultivation. He was much pleased with
what he had seen in connection with the Nipissitig line, and it had
his best wishes for its prosperity.
The chairman, in a few prefatory remarks, gave the toast of
" The Ontario Government and Legislature."
Hon. M. 0. Cameron, who was warmly received, stated that no
matter what might be the political feelings of those comprising the
meeting, he was sure that all of them would agree that enterprises
such as that the establishment of which they had now assembled
to commemorate the members of the Government had always cordi-
ally supported. The progress of the country had been very great
for the past few years, and though he did not claim for the Govern-
ment that to them the credit for this progress was altogether due,.
yet he would say that in a great measure this prosperity was due
to the efforts they had made to promote the advancement of the
people. They had established facilities for more general edu-
cation amongst the people, and had in every manner taken
advantage of all the means which presented themselves to aid
in developing the country. He could say sincerely on behalf of
his colleagues that each of them was desirous of assisting to the
utmost th(B progress of the Province, and when the people felt con-
vinced that others more competent than the members of the
present Administration to administer the affairs of the country
would be found they would cheerfully retire and give place to their
successors. He thanked the company for the reception of the toast,,
and resumed his seat amid loud cheers.
206 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Messrs. Paxton M.PP., and Coyne, M.PP., also responded on
behalf of the Legislature.
Mr. George Laidlaw, who was greeted with loud cheers, then pro-
posed " Success to the Toronto and Nipissing Eailway." He alluded
to the difficulties which had to be overcome before the railway could
be built, but these had all been conquered by energy and persever-
ance, and from the appearance of things, everything in connection
with the road was run in good working order, and its promoters felt
6very confidence in it, that its career would fully anticipate their
earnest anticipations.
Mr. Shedden responded to the toast, and said so far everything
in connection with the railway had worked satisfactorily, notwith-
standing the numerous difficulties that had to be met and overcome
before the line could be built. He felt much pleasure in congratu-
lating the shareholders and all interested in any way in the success
of the Nipissing road that things were now so far advanced that
there was no question that the enterprise would prove all that was
anticipated by its friends.
Mr. Wm. Gooderham, jun., also responded to the toast to the
same effect as the preceding speaker, stating that no one could help
feeling thoroughly satisfied with the manner in which the railway
had been pushed forward to its present state of completion.
Mr. T. G. Ghisholm, being called for, also made a few remarks.
He said that the great thing the company had to depend upon was
the Government and the municipalities, who he thought should
liberally support the Nipissing road. The road would soon be in
thorough working order to Coboconk, and then it would speak for
itself. In the meantime the line was in a very satisfactory con-
dition, and he trusted that all the anticipations of the shareholders
would be realized fully.
Mr. Joseph Gould, Uxbridge, in responding to the toast, also
urged upon the Government the great desirability for assistance on
their part and that of the municipalities to the narrow gauge rail-
TOASTSi AND SPEECHES. 207
xoads, for the benefits which these roads conferred upon the country
were unquestioned. The Government would fail in its duty if it did
not do all in its power to forward enterprises such as these.
The toast of " The Bar and Bench of Ontario " was next pro-
posed and responded to by Judge Hagarty, who made a brief but
el&quent reply. After expressing his cordial approval of the narrow
gauge lines of railway, and the pleasure he felt at being present at
ihe ceremony of the formal opening of the Nipissing line to Uxbridge,
he referred to the magnificence of the country which these railroads,
tended to open up and improve. In one of the novels of the great
«,nd good Walter Scott, whose centenary had lately been celebrated
in all portions of the civilized world, one of that worthy's heroes
was represented as coming in sight of the beautiful city of Edin-
burg, nestled under the crags, and with the picturesque waters of
ihe Forth in the distance, and overpowered by natural emotion,
asking himself where was the coward who would not dare to fight
for such a land. He (the speaker) had some time ago stood on the
heights of Queenston, by Brock's monument, and never had he seen
a fairer view of a more beautiful landscape. He had also witnessed
the magnificent scenery on the St. Lawrence, and the same thought
tis that given expression to by Scott's hero came into his mind —
*^ Where is the coward who would not dare to fight for such a land ? "
(Applause.) We had a great destiny before us, and it depended
upon ourselves to improve the opportunities which were placed
before us to make Canada one of the foremost nations of the earth.
Let us work so that when our eyes close in death our children might
liave as good a heritage as could be bestowed upon them — a smiling
ajid prosperous land, over which the Union Jack would wave to
gladden their sight. Pounds, shillings and pence were not the only
-considerations to be thought of ; and he hoped that by mere mer.-
cenary motives none would be led to forget the glorious heritage
handed down to' them, and seek to sever their connection with Great
Britain, for wherever its flag had gone Christian liberty and all the
208 THE LIFE AND TIMES O* JOSEPH GOULD.
blessings of civilization had followed. The chains had fallen off
slaves wherever the meteor flag of England had appeared, and in
its place came progress and improvement. May our children and
grandchildren live under the protecting folds of the Union Jack —
God bless it !
Judge Duggan also responded in a few well-timed remarks.
Hon. Mr. McDougall then proposed "The Commercial and
Banking Interests of Canada.'* He referred in pleasing terms to
the position in which the people of Uxbridge and surrounding
country now found themselves in regard to the railway which had
just been built. It was only a few years since he and his friend
near him (Hon. M. C. Cameron) had contested the representation
of North Ontario, and each had defeated the other on two different
occasions, and he could bear witness to the great improvements-
visible in that section since he canvassed there. In regard to the
constitution under which we were now happily living, he might say,
as one who had a share in the framing of the new system, that it
was intended by its framers that the local Governments should be
more municipal in their nature than political — ^that the heat of
party spirit and strife should not be carried into these assemblies,
but that all local questions should be discussed in a free but unpre-
judiced manner, leaving more strictly political warfare to be con-
tested in the Dominion Parliament. If the people think they would
be better off in having party politics in their Local Houses, all well
and good. Speaking individually as a taxpayer and a citizen, he
would say that, looking back to the legislation of the past four years,,
there was nothing in it with which he could find fault [applause] ;
and in particular could he say that he cordially agreed with the
railway policy of the cabinet. He referred to the fact that he had
suggested the appointment of Mr. Sandfield Macdonald to his
present office, and concluded a very pleasing address by referring to
the banking and commercial interests of the country.
Mr. Wm. Gooderham, sen., Mr. B. W. Elliot, Mr. A. B»
MORE BAILWAT SPEECHES. 209
McMaster, and Mr. J. D. Merrick responded. The last-named
gentleman stated that, however mYich some persons might feel
against the Grand Trunk Bailway, that institution had dealt with
the narrow gauge railways in a most liberal spirit, and without the
hearty co-operation of the directors of that road the new lines of
railway would not be in so prosperous a condition as they were at
the present time. He therefore had much pleasure in proposing
the toast of " The Eailway Interests of Canada/* coupling with it
the Grand Trunk Eailway.
Mr. Aquila Walsh, in responding, drew attention to the fact
that the money invested in the Grand Trunk Eailway was a good
investment to the Government, and that that road had proved of
incalculable benefit to the people of Canada. For the railway with
which he was connected — the Intercolonial — he could say that
everything was progressing satisfactorily in its building, and that
before long it would be completed and the people would then
witness the cheapest and best railway in Canada. The whole
structures connected with the line were to be of wood, in order that
it might be built with the greatest economy, and that it might also
be successful as a commercial undertaking. Steel rails and iron
wedges were to be used altogether in the construction of the rail-
way, so that in every respect it would be, when completed, the best
road in the Dominion. The Parliament of the country had acted
liberally towards railways, and there would be nothing lost by them
in continuing the policy they had hitherto adopted.
Mr. Chester Draper also responded. He said that the word
'* Canada" now composed a large territory, extending from the
Atlantic to the Pacific — far different from what Canada literally was
a few years ago — and to develop and settle this vast region enter-
prises like the present they were now engaged in celebrating were
needed in every direction before our resources could be thoroughly
developed.
Mr. Bellingham, of Montreal, being called upon by the chair-
210 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
man, also replied to the toast. He said that he had come to this
province on the present occasion to witness the working of the
narrow gauge railways, and he could say that he had been much,
gratified with what he had witnessed. They had experimented with
wooden railways in Quebec, but after repeated trials they had not
been found to work well, and he could not therefore recommend
them to the people of Ontario. The Government of Quebec had
dealt liberally with railway enterprises, having made a grant of
10,000 acres in aid of a new line in that province. He had been
forty-six years in Canada, and he had lived to see it become &
great and prosperous country, with every indication of continued
advancement.
Mr. Sweetnam said he had a toast to propose which he was
sure would be heartily received. He referred to those whom he
might term for the present "Our American Cousins," who had
greatly benefited this country, and had shown extraordinary enter-
prise in opening and extending railways.
Col. Shaw thanked the company for the kind manner in which
the toast had been drunk. He alluded to the time when, not more
than forty years ago, but a small railway was in operation in his
native country, and now the land was intersected in every direction
by railways — from the north and east to the far south and west.
After a few further remarks, eloquently expressed, the speaker
concluded by expressing his earnest hope that Canada and the
United States might ever remain in peaceful relations to each
other, and that both countries might go on conquering and to con-
quer in the highways of peace.
"The Corporation of Toronto" was next proposed, the names
of Aldermen Harman and Dickey being coupled with it. The former
gentleman regretted the absence of the mayor, who had missed the
opportunity of making a reply to the toast proposed in such a
handsome manner. He (the speaker) referred to the vast strides
Toronto is now making, the value of its real property eight years
RAILWAY SPEECHES CONTINUED. 211
ago being $20,000,000, whUe now it was $30,000,000. Recognizing
fully this fact, who could estimate what further progress would be
made in the next decade ? He heartily congratulated the Nipissing
Company on the success which attended their efforts, and it would
always he with a feeling of gratification that his name as the then
Mayor of Toronto was signed to the debentures issued by the cor-
poration in behalf of the Nipissing Eailway.
Alderman Dickey could but say that he felt highly gratified
at the completion of the railway to Uxbridge. Even the most rabid
opponent of the road was now convinced of its value to the country.
Captain Taylor made a few remarks in reference to his personal
labours when the railway was being inaugurated.
Mr. Gould proposed the health of the father of the narrow gauge
railways in Canada — Mr. George Laidlaw.
The toast was drunk with great enthusiasm ; and in response^
Mr. Laidlaw said it was the proudest moment of his life, but he
would say that, without the aid of many' of those whom he saw
about him, all his efforts would have been futile. To the Hon..
M. C. Cameron, who had so warmly assisted in getting the Bill
of Incorporation through the House of Assembly, and through the
vote of whose Premier the measure was at length passed ; to the
merchants of Toronto-^to such firms as John Macdonald & Co.,
McMaster Bros., Gordon, McKay & Co., and others, the thanks of
the community through which the Nipissing Eailway passed were
largely due ; also to the members of the Toronto Corporation and
the rural municipalities who had pushed the enterprise forward by
liberal grants of money. These formed the bridge which had car-
ried the railway over safely. On account of the present late hour
he would not detain the company, but would again thank them
most sincerely for their kind reception of the toast.
The next toast was that of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Eail-
way, which was responded to by Hon. Mr. McMurrich in a few
well-chosen remarks.
S12 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOlHiD.
Mr. J. G. Worts gave " The Municipalities Along the Line of
the Bailway." Responded to by Hon. David Eeesor.
One or two other volunteer toasts followed, and the meeting
broke up.
The visitors then repaired to the cars in waiting at the station,
and thus ended the ceremonies in connection with the first three-
feet six-inch gauge railway in the Dominion.
CHAPTEE XXXIV.
New railway charter— Whitby to Port Perry— Directors— Stock— Subsoriptiona —
Favourable contract — ^DlssenedoDS — A new contract entered into— The terms— Turning'
the first sod by H. R. H. Prince Arthur — More grand doings— The ceremony — Ix>yal
and enthusiastic welcome of the Prince— Addresses of the Town and County Councils
—Replies of the Prince and Govemor-Greneral — Progress of the work — Change of
contractors — Squabbling and bad management— Impending ruin the result— James
Holden to the rescue— Completion of the line to Port Perry^The latter place boomed
and built up.
HAYING, after fifteen years' agitation, failed to secure the greater
scheme of a railway to the Georgian Bay, a railway from
Whitby to Port Perry, as the first link in the chain, was determined
upon, a charter was obtained, and the following directors appointed
in March, 1868:— A. Farewell, Thos. Paxton, M.PP., Joseph
Bigelow, Charles Marsh, W. S. Sexton, Edward Major, Dr. Poote,
Dr. Gunn, James Holden, Chester Draper, Sheriflf Eeynolds. Mr.
Bigelow was elected president, and subsequently Mr. Draper, and
after him Mr. Dryden. Of the capital, $260,000, the charter pro-
vided that $100,000 should be bona fide subscribed and ten per cent,
paid thereon, before the company could go into operation, and that
the original subscribers or their assigns should never be released
from their liability until the whole of the stock was paid up — a
stringent provision contained in no other charter in the history of
Canadian railway legislation. After considerable difficulty the
necessary amount was obtained, ten per cent, paid in, and the
company organized. Three gentlemen, Messrs. Sexton, Paxton
and Bigelow, of Port Perry, subscribed $10,000 each, and subscrip-
tions were obtained of from $5,000 and $8,000 downwards in
Whitby. The corporation of the town of Whitby gave a bonus of
214 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
$50,000, and afterwards subscribed |10,000 stock ; Whitby town-
ship, $15,000 ; from the township of Eeach, $80,000 ; and Scugog
Island, $2,500. Tenders were asked for and a favourable contract
entered into with Messrs. Starratt and Kesteven. But dissensions
immediately afterwards sprang up at the board ; it was also found
that the contractors were not men of means, and they were got rid
of. Mr. J. H. Dumble stepped in, after a time, and the contract
was awarded to him at $290,000 and $40,000 stock, the latter a
fruitful source of much trouble afterwards. The first sod was
turned on Wednesday, 6th October, 1869, by His Eoyal Highness
Prince Arthur, with great ceremony, when the following proceedings
liook place, the occasion being made a grand holiday in Whitby.
The proceedings are thus chronicled : —
\
VISIT OF H.B.H. PRINCE ARTHUR.
The Prince and party arrived at the Grand Trunk Station
precisely at twenty minutes past ten o'clock. The special train
numbered five cars and one baggage-waggon. The engine was
tastefully decorated, as was also the station and the surrounding
buildings. Thousands awaited the arrival of the Prince's party,
and hailed the coming in of the train with loud acclamations. The
party at once alighted, and presentations were made by the Mayor
of the members of the Town Council and others, to both the
Governor-General and the Prince. The party alighted on the south
side of the station, arches being extended across the track, and a
platform ; the passage-way over being handsomely carpeted.
Immediately on arrival the party entered carriages which were
in readiness awaiting at the G. T. B. station, and proceeded at a
brisk pace through the town. The carriages of the members of the
Corporation and Warden headed the procession ; next came that of
His Excellency the Governor-General, accompanied by Mr. Turville,
his private secretary, Mr. Gerrie the Mayor, and Mrs. Howland.
The Prince's carriage, with Lady Young, Col. Elphinston and the
BBCEPTION OF PRINCE ARTHUB AT WHITBY. 215
Sheriff; and after these Lieutenant-Governor Howland, Sir John A.
Macdonald, Hon. John Sandfield Macdonald and Miss Macdonald,
Mr. Potter, of the Grand Trunk Eailway, Mr. Brydges, Mr. King,
of the Bank of Montreal, Mr. Justice Morrison, Judge Duggan,
Mayor Harman, of Toronto, Mr. White, of Hamilton, Mr. John A.
Donaldson, Emigration Agent, and others.
Along the line of procession crowds awaited and cheered the
Prince. No fewer than about one hundred carriages and many
equestrians waited at the station, and accompanied the procession
from thence to the town. The town-bells rang out, cannon belched
forth, the bands played martial airs, and the Prince's party received
a right loyal and hearty greeting from the loyal people of the Town
of Whitby. Everywhere arches and decorations were visible ; flags,
banners and streamers fluttered in the breeze ; and Whitby pre-
sented one of such holiday appearances as —
When Royal Mary, blythe of mood,
Kept holiday in Holyrood.
On the arrival at the grounds, where the ceremony of breaking
the first sod was to take place, the Prince and party were greeted
with loud acclamations from between five and six thousand of Her
Majesty's assembled lieges, one of the most interesting features of
ihe reception being the greeting, the National Anthem, which was
sung by the school children of the town, who were marshalled und«r
their respective teachers on a roomy platform specially arranged
for their occupation on the occasion. Platforms were also erected
for the Prince and party, the town and county councils, and in-
Tited guests.
As we have just said, there were between five and six thousand
persons present, and they did not include about 180 officers and
men of the 84th Battalion, under Colonel Fairbanks, who mustered
on the occasion and received the Prince as a guard of honour, and
assisted materially throughout in preserving the best of good order.
The Mayor, after a short space of time, during which invited
21&' THB LIFfi AND TtHES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
guests (and some who were not), obtained the Prince's and Governor-'
General's platform, delivered the following address : —
"To Sis Excellency the Right Hon. Sir John Young, Baronet,
K.C.B., Governor-General of Canada, etc., etc:
" May it please Your Excellency —
" The Mayor and Corporation, on behalf of the Town of Whitby,
most cordially embrace this opportunity of tendering to Your Excel-
lency a hearty welcome to this section of Canada. It is with no
ordinal^ feelings of loyalty and attachment to the Grown and Con-
stitution of our country that we approach Your Excellency as the
representative o[ Her Most Gracious Majesty.
" We feel a just pride in acknowledging the wisdom and con-
sideration of Her Majesty's Government in selecting as Governor-
General of the Dominion of Canada one whose distinguished abilities
have done so much for other portions of the British Empire.
We confidently trust that your administration of the Government
will secure lasting prosperity a>nd happiness to the people ot, this
Pominion, and additional glory to the British Empire, as well as
increased honour to Your Excellency.
" We sincerely hope that Lady Young and yourself may derive
much pleasure from your journey through the Province, and our
earnest desire and prayer is that Heaven's best blessings may
attend you both.
" Jambs H. Gbrrie, Mayor.'*
To which His Excellency replied : —
" To the Mayor and Corporation of the Town of Whitby:
" Mr. Mayor and Gentlemen —
*' I appreciate at their proper value the warm feelings of loyalty
to the Crown and attachment to the Constitution happily existing
in Canada^- which prompt you to approach me, as the representa-
ADDRESSES PRESENTED. 217
tive of the Boyal Authority, with a hearty welcome to the prettily
situated and thriving Town of Whitby.
" I am aided in the discharge of my duties by able statesmen,
the choice of the people, and possessing the confidence of Parlia-
ment. I trust that by their sage counsels my administration of
affairs may be guided to good purpose, so as to merit approbation
and promote the moral and material welfare of the country. Lady
Young and I have derived much pleasure from our journey through
the Province of Ontario, and unite in warmly thanking you for
the earnestness with which you implore that blessings may
***'"^°«- "JohnToukg."
The Mayor next proceeded to that portion of the platform occu-
pied by His Boyal Highness, and read the following address to the
Prince : —
" To His Royal Highness Prince Arthur William Patrick, K.O.:
" May it please Your Highness —
" We, the Mayor and Corporation of the Town of Whitby, beg
most respectfully to approach Your Eoyal Highness on the occasion
of your visit to this portion of Canada.
" We hail the presence in our Dominion of a scion of the illus-
trious House of Brunswick as a fresh token of the kind and queenly
consideration of our dearly beloved Sovereign, and beg your Boyal
Highness to accept the assurance of our veneration for and devoted
attachment to the person of our gracious Queen, whose benign
sway has been fraught with untold blessings, not only to the great
empire over which she reigns but to the remotest comer of the
world.
"We sincerely trust that the stay of Your Boyal Highness
in Canada may prove as agreeable to yourself as it is gratifying
to us.
'' James H. Gerbie, Mayor.'*
218 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
To which His Boyal Highness replied in an audible and pleasing
Toice : —
^' To the Mayor and Corporation of Whitby:
** Gentlemen —
" My visit to this town, associated as it is with an undertaking
which I trust will increase the prosperity of this county, cannot be
otherwise than most agreeable to my feelings.
" For your welcome to myself, I feel, I assure you, sincere grati-
tude, but it is still more satisfactory to me to witness your affec-
tionate attachment and loyalty to the Queen, who has the welfare
of her people sincerely at heart. " Arthub."
The Warden was next presented to His Excellency, and read the
Address of the County Council : —
■" To the Right Honourable Sir John Youngs K.CB.f etc., etc., etc.,
Governor-General of Canada :
" May it please Your Excellency^
" We, the Warden and Councillors of the Corporation of the
County of Ontario, bid Your Excellency a hearty welcome to the
confines of this flourishing county, and hope that at some future
day Your Excellency will be able to pay a more lengthened visit to
a portion of the Province second to none in material prosperity and
enterprise.
** Such undertakings as have this day been happily inaugqrated
are at once the sign and cause of progress, and indicate that the
self-reliance and energy which distinguishes the country we are
proud to call our Mother-land are not wanting in her sons under
other skies and circumstances.
" We take this opportunity of expressing to Your Excellency our
gratification that, in nominating you to your high office^ the choice
of our gracious Sovereign has fallen upon one whose ripe statesman-
ship, large experience and enlightened views will aid in securing
COBPORATION ADDRESSES. 219
<;oncord in the councils and stability in the institutions of our
Dominion.
" We desire to assure Your Excellency, on behalf of the inhabi-
iants of this portion of the Province, of our unwavering loyalty to
our Sovereign, and devoted attachment to the institutions we have
inherited from the land of our forefathers.
" Whatever shape our alliance with that country may hereafter
take, we crave no other lot than to continue to form a part of the
great Empire upon which the sun never sets ; to share her glories,
and, if possible, contribute to her renown.
" We would ask Your Excellency to convey to Lady Young our
expression of respect towards her, and we venture to hope that her
Ladyship may retain pleasing recollections of this your first visit to
the County of Ontario.
" Joshua Wright, Warden.
" County Council Chambers,
** Whitby, October, 1869."
The Governor-General replied : —
^* To the Warden and Councillors of the Corporation of the County of
Ontario :
" Mr. Warden and Gentlemen —
*' I thank you very cordially for the words of hearty welcome
vrith which you greet my arrival amongst you, and I have pleasure
in assuring you of my entire reliance on your loyalty to the Queen,
and your attachment to those British institutions which have been
so happily established in Canada.
" The purpose for which we are assembled here to-day is one of
great importance. No works are of greater general utility than
ihose which facilitate and extend the means of communication.
They give a stimulus to industry by adding value to its products.
Without such aids civilization cannot advance ; with them,' the
220 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
prosperity of the conntry and the comforts of daily life are materia
ally enhanced.
'' I am glad, therefore, to have the opportmiity of being present
on this interesting occasion, and Lady Toung joins me in wishipg
you all possible success, not merely in your present, but in your
future undertakings. a j^^ Young."
The Warden next approached the Prince, to whom he was pre-
sented by the Mayor, and delivered the following address : —
" To His Royal Highness Prince Arthur William Patrick^ K.O.:
" May it please Your Eoyal Highness —
" We, the Warden and Councillors of the Corporation of the
County of Ontario, beg to express our appreciation of the high
honour conferred upon us, in being permitted for a second time to
receive a visit from a scion of your Boyal House.
^' We are again enabled to avail ourselves of the opportunity of
expressing, on behalf of ourselves and the inhabitants of this popu-
lous and prosperous county, our devoted loyalty to our Most Gracious
Sovereign, your royal mother, our deep sense of the blessings we
enjoy under her wise and beneficent rule, our undying attachment
to the form of constitutional government established in our land,
and our earnest desire that our new Dominion, in increased terri-
tory, wealth and power, may ever form a part of a great confederate
British Empire, bound together by the ties of patriotism, mutual
interest and mutual support. « Joshua Wright, Warden.
" County Council Chambers,
" Whitby, October, 1869."
To which the Prince replied : —
" To the Warden and CoundUors of the Corporation of the Cownty of
Ontario :
" Gentlemen —
'' I thank you for your address, and heartily appreciate the
"TUBNING THE FIRST SOD." 221
sentiments of loyal devotion to your Sovereign, and attachment to
ihe institutions of her Empire, which you have just expressed.
" I regret that my present visit, like the one of my brother, the
Prince of Wales, does, unfortunately, not admit of a long stay
tunongst you ; but I am glad that, notwithstanding the shortness
of the time, my visit here is associated with a work of public utility,
which I trust may prove a source of increasing prosperity to this
neighbourhood. "Arthur."
The addresses were all well read by the Mayor and Warden, and
were replied to in audible and distinct tones by His Excellency and
His Boyal Highness, and with what appeared to be much earnest-
ness. The proceedings were listened to throughout with great
attention.
His Boyal Highness next descended from the platform, accom-
panied by the Governor-General, Mr. Bigelow, President of the
Whitby and Port Perry Eailway, and Mr. Dumble, the contractor,
and went through the ceremony of " turning the firftt sod."
A handsome silver spade, and a bird's-eye maple wheelbarrow,
specially prepared for the occasion (and now in possession of the
author), were brought into requisition, and the Prince, with much
ease and deliberation, performed the ceremony of " turning the first
sod " of the Whitby and Port Perry Bailway amidst ringing shouts
of applause.
The auspicious proceedings with which the turning of the first
sod was inaugurated did not help the road along.
The work proceeded more or less satisfactorily, under Mr.
Dumble, with a board of directors representing antagonistic per-
sonal interests over which individual members never ceased squab-
bling. Mr. Dumble sold out to Mr. English, from Toronto, who
carried on the work a stage further, and quarrelled in tu{n with the
directors, who were ultimately left to finish the road themselves,
and with a number of lawsuits on their hands. They succeeded
222 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
admirably in '' running the whole thing into the ground/' to use an
expressive phrase ; in hopelessly involving the Company and placing
the members of the board, who had made themselves personally
liable for obligations in carrying on the work, and in defending
and maintaining lawsuits, in a position to be overwhelmed with loss
of their private property. It was at this crisis that Mr. James
Holden cpime to the front. And, certainly, if men had ever reason
to be thankful for a timely rescue, they were the directors of the
Whitby and Port Perry Bailway at that time. Mr. Holden had
already shown his public spirit by subscribing and paying up
$3,000 stock; and, although an active member of the board,
became utterly disgusted with the mismanagement and selfish-
ness of some of his co-directors. He succeeded, however, as
has been remarked, at the critical moment, when absolute ruin
stared all concerned in the face, in enlisting as his copartners in
the scheme for buying out the bankrupt coucern Messrs. Austin^
Fulton and Michie, of Toronto, the result being the speedy com-
pletion and equipment of the line to Port Perry. Matters soon
changed for the better under the new regime. The line was freed
from debt, the involved directors relieved from the pecuniary
embarrassments which encompassed them, caused by their connec-
tion with the undertaking, and the whistle of the locomotive was
shortly heard along the line, with trains running regularly, con-
veying freight and passengers. Whitby took a fresh start on the
road to prosperity. Property was enhanced in value, and Port
Perry was built up, from an insignificant village at the head of Lake
Scugog, to the dimensions of an important town, where quarter-acre
lots became as valuable as one hundred acre farms had been a few
years before in the same neighbourhood.
CHAPTER XXXV.
Extenuon to Lindsay— Connection with the Victoria Railway— Great expectations-
Municipal bonuses— Whitby leads the way — Government aid— Line opened to
Lindsay— Amalgamation with the Midland— Swallowed up in the Grand Trunk—
The Ontario Central— Other railway projects— The C. P. R. — Present railway line*
and connections within the county.
VAEIOUS efforts continued to be made for the extension of the
line northward, and the construction of the branch to Uxbridge
and several plans, all embracing promised bonuses from the muni-
cipalities immediately interested, devised, but they came to nothing.
At length Mr. Holden, allowing other propositions for extension to
remain in abeyance for the time, bent all his energies on carrying
the line to Lindsayt He expected that connection with the Victoria
Bailway at that point would secure to the Whitby line a large pro-
portion of the traffic coming over the former ; or, in other words,
that the Whitby liiie must be the main outlet for the volume of
traffic coming over the Victoria road ; that that connection once
secured, every mile built of the Victoria would in reality be an exten-
sion of the Whitby line northward ; and further, that the Whitby line
would be in a position to compete successfully with the Midland for
the trade to the front. The town of Whitby at once came forward
and backed him up with a further bonus of $20,000 ; Port Perry
followed suit for a like amount ; the co-operation of the leading
men of Lindsay, Ops and Mariposa was secured, and a bonus of
$85,000 was obtained by grouping these municipalities, and also,
subsequently. Government aid to the extent of $2,000 per mile. In
the summer of 76 the contract was let. In the hands of Messrs.
Gibson and Dixon, the contractors, the work was vigorously prose-
224 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
cuted, and on the 81st July following the line to Lindsay was
formally opened. After a long struggle of a quarter of a century,
railway communication between the port of Whitby and the far
North was at last secured, although not in the direction originally
contemplated, through the centre of th^ county.
Not long afterwards the road became amalgamated with the
Midland ; the Midland became part of the Grand Trunk system ;
and the municipalities that gave the bonuses lost the benefits of a
competing line, for which they gave their money. The Ontario
Central Bailway, projected by the late Mr. Chester Draper, con-
necting Whitby Harbour with Nottawasaga Bay, and the charter
of which was allowed to lapse at his death ; the projected Toronto
and Ottawa Bailway^ to aid which Beach, Port Perry, Pickering and
Scugog, grouped, passed a by-law granting a bonus of $90,000,
next occupied the public mind for a while. The scheme resulted in
the Ontario and Quebec line, now forming part of the C. P. B.
system, and which runs across the county. The Toronto and
Nipissing narrow gauge was converted into a brgad gauge line, and
now also forms part of the Midland system of the Grand Trunk.
A connecting link from the Manilla Junction, by Wick, unites the
old Nipissing and Whitby lines in the present system. The Whitby,
Port Perry and Lindsay, north ; the Toronto and Nipissing, through
Uxbridge and Brock; the Midland, through Thorah and Mara;
and the Northern, crossing at the Narrows, and running through a
portion of Mara and Bama to Gravenhurst; and the C. P. B.,
already mentioned, form the railway lines and railway connections
within the county.
CHAPTEK XXXVI.*
Visit of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales to the County —A memorable event— Special
session of the County Council— Votes for the reception— Interesting proceedings —
Appropriation — ^A gala day — Great rejoicing— Immense crowds— The decorations—
The addresses— The replies, etc., etc., etc. «
VISIT OF H. R. H. THE PRINCE OF WALES.
THE visit of the Prince of Wales to the county, in 1860, was a
memorable event. His Boyal Highness was presented with
addresses by the County Council and Town Council, and was receivedl
with great demonstrations of loyalty and enthusiasm. We give the-
proceedings, as a matter of historical record, from the Chronicle of
that day.
Extracts of a special session of the County Council, held Septem-
ber 4 and 5, to consider the propriety of giving a grant
towards receiving the Prince of Wales at Whitby on the 7th
September, 1860, as reported in the Whitby Chronicle of
September 8, 1860 :—
Tuesday, September 4, 1860.
A special session of tUe County Council was held, on call of the
Warden, at the Courthouse, on Tuesday. It was five o'clock p.m.
before the Warden took his seat. The roll having been called over
the following reeves and deputies answered to their names: —
Messrs. Brown, Bartlett, Eowe, Smith, White (Pickering), White
(Whitby), Wright. Absent, Messrs. Pirt, Sangster and Wixson.
The Warden said that in calling the Council together specially
*Tlii8 chapter is taken out of its proper chronological order so as to avoid
mftlring a break in the complete railway narrative of the County.
226 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
it was necessary for him to state that he did so in consequence
of the visit of His Boyal Highness the Prince of Wales — ^the
heir apparent to the great empire of which we formed a part
— to this comitry. A visit, he said, from such a person was
unprecedented in the history of Canada, and he had no doubt
of the good it would produce. To have the future ruler of the
realm, to which we were so nearly allied, amongst us, and carry
back with him a personal knowledge of our unbounded resources
and unparalleled progress, would be productive of the best results
in the future. He believed that^ every one must admire the virtues
of Her Majesty our Queen, who was deserving of all the respect
and esteem that her loyal subjects could show towards a good
and virtuous sovereign. And when Her Majesty had graciously
accepted our invitation — although not honouring us with her own
royal presence — ^by sending the Heir Apparent to the Throne, and
^hen the Prince had placed himself at our disposal it was due to
'Our Sovereign and to ourselves that we should express our deep
sense of the unexampled honour conferred upon us. Under these
-circumstances, he (the Warden) had no hesitancy in calling the
Council together, that the county of Ontario, with every other part
of the Province through which His Boyal Highness passed, might
take the opportunity to give expression to those sentiments of
welcome which, he felt quite sure, were entertained by every rate-
payer of the county. The Warden further stated that he had
^deferred calling the Council together until so late a period because
no requisition had been placed in his hands, but that having
received a resolution, passed at a public meeting most respectably
attended from all parts of the county, he felt that he could no
longer hesitate ; and he believed there was still sufficient time to
take the necessary steps for giving expression to the deep sense of
loyal esteem which they all felt.
Mr. Hewett did not know whether all gentlemen in the Council
were in the same position as himself; but he did not exactly com-
SPECIAL SESSION — COUNTY COUNCIL. 227
prebend the nature of the business that it was necessary for the
Council to transact in this matter. He quite agreed in the pro-
priety of the remarks of the Warden as to giving the Prince a
becoming reception, and of doing everything in a proper sense.
Such a circumstance as the heir of the British Grown visiting this
country never having taken place before, the honour was deserving
every effort. But he was not exactly aware of the way in which
the Council was called upon to operate. 'Everything was crude
at present, but he had no doubt, when they understood things, the
Council would do their duty. He asked Captain Eowe to explain
what had taken place already in relation to the reception of the
Prince at Whitby.
Mr. Campbell was not prepared to do anything until he saw
his way clearly.
Captain Eowe explained very briefly and explicitly what all
our readers know already; that the town had invited the Prince
to stop at Whitby, and had appropriated $300 for the presenting
of an address; that a requisition to the Sheriff to call a public
meeting of the ratepayers of the county had been got up; the
meeting called, and an address adopted, which the Sheriff had
been appointed to present on behalf of the county, and which the
Prince had also agreed to receive at Whitby; and that it was
expected the County Council would grant a sum equal to the
small amount voted by the town towards the reception ; that the
Prince was expected here some time on Friday — about mid-day.
Mr. Batcliffe believed in the necessity of doing something, but
he believed the Warden was the chief elected magistrate of the
county, and the proper person to present the address on behalf of
the county; that, as the matter had been taken out of the War-
den's hands, he (Mr. E.) did not think it would be proper to have
anything more to do with it, and would therefore go for no appro-
priation.
Mr. White felt a good deal embarrassed at the awkward position
228 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
in which the Council was placed, and scarcely knew what to do ;
he expected the Warden, in his address, would have told them
precisely what action was necessary.
Mr. Smith said he considered that the Warden stated expressly
the purport of the meeting in his address. He, however, found
fault with the way in which matters stood; considered that the
Warden was the proper person to present the address, and stated
that, unless some arrangement was come to, he was not disposed
to vote for an appropriation.
Mr. Wright saw no reason why an address could not be pre-
sented on behalf of the Warden and Corporation.
After some further observations, a resolution, moved by Mr.
Hewett and seconded by Mr. Smith, was carried, appointing a
committee of five, consisting of Messrs. Batcliffe, Smith, White
(Pickering), Campbell and the mover, to confer with the Sheriff
and the Executive Committee, to get explanations, and to report
to the Council that evening.
The Warden then left the chair until eight o'clock. In the
evening the Council resumed, and the special committee reported
an interview with the Sheriff and the Executive Committee of the
Town and County for the Prince's reception. The report gave a
rhmn4 of certain facts, and recommended that no appropriation
be granted, inasmuch as an address would be then too late to be
presented, and that the Council had no power to make the appro-
priation for presenting an address on behalf of the Warden and
Corporation of the county. The report was adopted.
Council adjourned until ten o'clock next day.
Wednesday, September 5.
The Council did not meet until after eleven o'clock. There
were present Messrs. Bowe, Bobinson, Smith, Bartlett, Brown,
Hewett, Wright, White (Pickering), White (Whitby), Hart, Mc-
Gregor and Gamble — ^twelve.
A resolution, moved by Mr. Wright and seconded by Mr. Smith,
APPROPRIATION FOR THE PRINCE's RECEPTION. g29
to reconsider the report adopted the previous evening, on the ground
that the report was adopted through error, inasmuch as it was
stated therein that an address would be too late, and such now
appearing to be not the case, was carried without dissent.
The. report was amended in committee, and, on motion of Mr.
Wright, the Warden and Messrs. Hewett, White (Pickering), Smith,
and the mover, appointed to draft an address.
Messrs. White (Pickering) and Gamble opposed and voted
.against the amendment.
The Warden left the chair at two o'clock, and the Council
resumed at three o'clock, when an address was reported, and the
Warden, with Messrs. Hart and Bobinson, appointed a special
committee to wait on His Excellency the Governor-General's Sec-
retary, at Belleville, the next day, to ascertain whether the address
would be received.
On motion of Mr. Bobinson, seconded by Mr. Smith, a sum of
$300 was appropriated towards the reception, and the Warden and
the County Engineer appointed to see to the expenditure. The
Warden was appointed to present the address, accompanied by
the Council.
Friday last, the 7th September, will long be remembered as a
great and important day in the annals of the good town of Whitby.
On that day Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the heir to the British
throne, honoured Whitby with his illustrious jpresence, and received
the addresses, congratulations and warm and enthusiastic plaudits
of Her Majesty's lieges of the county of Ontario. From an early
hour in the morning a continual stream of teams, buggies and
vehicles of every description, filled with men and women, dressed
in their best holiday attire, kept pouring in from the country.
Every avenue approaching the town, from the north, east and
west, was thronged with equestrians and pedestrians making their
way to see and welcome the Prince ; and on the south the harbour
contributed its share to the spectacle, no less than eight steam-
230 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
boats freighted with passengers having steamed in to witness the
embarkation. Alongside the wharf, with the Prince's steamer, the
.Kingston, were the Zimmerman^ the Maple Leaf, and the propeller
J, L. Tucker; outside the harbour five other steamers were in sight,
decorated with flags from stem to stem. The town presented a
most gay and lively appearance; flags streamed from every house-
top and from all the public buildings. Not a particle of the town
was there which did not exhibit decorations of some kind ; people
everywhere, vied with each other in the variety and costliness of
the display. The Mayor and Sheriff had received telegrams an-
nouncing the time of arrival of the Prince as between the hours
of twelve and two o'clock, and before the latter hour fully twelve
thousand persons had assembled at the railway station and at the
wharf, and on the route between these two points. At the north
side of the station a lofty pavilion, thirty-six feet by twenty-four^
richly decorated, was erected. Over the pavilion were the letters
**A* E." entwined of evergreens, and in large, bold letters the
words "God Save the Queen." A rich carpet of crimson cloth
covered the space inside the pavilion, and from thence to the
Prince's car extended a novel and tasteful carpet, ornamented with
maple leaves, the handiwork of the ladies of Whitby. The railway
station was covered with flags, ensigns, Union Jacks, St. George's
crosses, and streamers of every kind, and one immense royal ensign
floating from a flagstaff on the most easterly point of the station.
The sight from every point was a grand one, and well worthy to
meet the view of a Eoyal Prince. The multitude was immense —
on every side nothing but a living ocean of human beings. Upwards
of three thousand persons were provided with seats immediately in
front of the pavilion, for which the small charge ojf twenty cents
each was made. In waiting on the pavilion to receive the Prince
were H. J. Macdonell, Esq., Mayor of Whitby, attended by the
Town Clerk, Mr. Huston, and the following members of the Town
Council : — James Eowe, J. H. Perry, William Lang, B. J. Gunii»
WHO WERE PRESENT. 231
M.D., C. Draper, C. Lynde, N. W. Brown, James Cameron, Ira
Vail, N. G. Beynolds, Esq., Sheriff of the County, attended by his
Secretary, Mr. C. Nourse; John Hall Thompson, Esq., Warden of
the County, and the following members of the County Council : —
Mr. White, Deputy-Beeve of Whitby; John Eatcliffe and William
Bartlett, Eeeve and Deputy-Beeve of East Whitby; T. P. White
and Josiah Wixson, jun., Beeve and Deputy-Beeve of Pickering;
Joshua Wright and H. McGregor, Beeve and Deputy-Beeve of
Beach; J. Gamble, Beeve of Scugog; W. Smith, Beeve of Uxbridge;
Charles Bobinson, Beeve of Thorah ; D. G. Hewett, Beeve of Mara
and Bama ; and John Hart, Deputy-Beeve of Brock ; the members
of the Oshawa Corporation, consisting of J. Hislop, Esq., Beeve;
James Carmichael, G. H. Gilchrist and J. Dickey; Z. Burnham,
Esq., County Judge; W. H. Tremayne, Esq., County Attorney; J.
Shier, Esq., County Engineer; Wm. Paxton, County Treasurer;
Hon. 0. Mowat, the member for South Ontario; and J. Gould,
Esq., member for North Ontario; Lieut.-Col. McPherson, First
Battalion Ontario Militia; J. B. Warren, Esq., Manager of the
Ontario Bank at Oshawa; N. G. Ham, Esq., Barrister; James
Dryden, Esq., G. Wallace, Esq., A. Farewell, Esq., Philip St. John,
Esq. (King of Brock), David Spalding, Esq., Bev. J. Pentland, Bev.
Eugene O'Keefe, Bev. Mr. Warner, Bev. J. T. Byrne, Bev. Mr.
Wickson, Bev. Mr. Taylor, Bev. Mr. Law, and the following mem-
bers of the press: — ^W. H. Higgins, of the Whitby Chronicle; E.
Oliver and James Holden, of the Prince Albert papers ; W. H. Orr,
of the Vindicator. The Whitby Highland Bifle Company, commanded
by Captain Wallace, and the Oshawa Fire Brigade (Chief McElroy)
were drawn up in front of the pavilion.
Precisely q,t twenty-five minutes to four o'clock the train con-
taining the Prince of Wales and suite came in sight, and the
arrival was greeted by the firing of cannon and the most vociferous
cheering from the multitude. Immediately afterwards the Prince
and royal party alighted, and were conducted by the Mayor, Sheriff
232 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
and Warden to the pavilion, where the Prince was again londly
cheered.
The County address was presented by the Sheriff first as follows :
" To His Boyal Highness Albert Edward^ Prince of Wales :
" May it please Your Eoyal Highness —
" We, the inhabitants of the county of Ontfwio, in the Province
of Canada, beg to approach Your Eoyal Highness to express our
heartfelt gratitude for the opportunity afforded us at this time of
greeting Your Eoyal Highness with a hearty welcome, and of
expressing our unswerving loyalty and devoted attachment to the
throne and person of our Most Gracious Sovereign the Queen, to
whom we also hereby express our deep sense of obligation for her
gracious condescension in readily acceding to the invitation from
our representatives in Parliament to visit in person, or by repre-
sentation on the part of some member of the Eoyal Family, this
very important part of her empire.
" The auspicious visit of Your Eoyal Highness we regard as an
event of great national importance to this country, and one which
we feel confident will have the happiest effect in deepening and
perpetuating that devoted allegiance and attachment felt by us to
be due not more on account of the manifold blessings we enjoy
under that benign government, than for the eminent virtues which
adorn your illustrious mother, and by which, we hope Your Eoyal
Highness, to whom we proudly look as the future Sovereign of these
realms, will ever in like manner be distinguished.
**We earnestly hope that the visit of Your Eoyal Highness will
not only be agreeable to you as it is gratifying to us, but will
increase the interest already so long and warmly manifested on the
part of the Queen and Government of Great Britain towards this
important appendage of the British Empire.
" We beg further to express our ardent desire, and hope that
when Your Eoyal Highness may leave us for your native shores, you
ADDEESS TO THE PRINCE OF WALES. 233
may enjoy unbroken health and comfort, and by a gracious Pro-
vidence be safely restored to the bosom of your illustrious family.''
To which H. E. H. replied : —
" Oentlemen —
" I thank you sincerely for the address which you have pre-
sented to me.
"In the Queen's name I acknowledge the expressions of your
loyalty to her crown and person, and for myself I am grateful to
you for the welcome to your neighbourhood."
The Warden followed with ^he address of the County Council,
which read : —
^* To His Royal Highness Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, Duke of
Cdrnwall, etc., etc.:
" May it please Your Eoyal Highness —
" We, the Warden and Council of the Corporation of Ontario, in
Council assembled, beg respectfully to congratulate Your Eoyal
Highness upon your safe arrival in this county, and at the same
time we desire to convey to Your Eoyal Highness the assurance of
our respect for and our attachment to our beloved Queen.
" That many advantages will arise from Your Eoyal Highness's
visit to this country, we have every reason to hope ; and trust that
it may aflford pleasure to Your Eoyal Highness, and a more inti-
mate knowledge of the resources of Canada than could otherwise be
acquired.
** We heartily welcome Your Eoyal Highness to the loyal county
of Ontario, and desire respectfully to convey through Your Eoyal
Highness the high esteem in which we hold the many virtues of
your Eoyal mother, our Queen ; that she may be long preserved a
pattern to other rulers is our earnest prayer."
The reply to the address of the Warden and County Council was
precisely the same as that given to the Sheriff.
234 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
The Mayor next proceeded to read the town address, which ran : —
"To His Boyal Highness Albert Edward, Prince ofWoXes, etc., etc.:
" May it Please Your Eoyal Highness —
"We, the Mayor, Corporation and Citizens of the town of
Whitby, in the county of Ontario, most humbly beg leave to
approach Your Eoyal Highness, to express the great pride which
we, in common with others of our fellow-subjects in the Province,
feel at the presence of Your Eoyal Highness in this extensive and,
we may proudly add, important portion of Her Most Gracious
Majesty's Dominion.
" We offer to Your Eoyal Highness a most loyal and heartfelt
welcome, and we trust that the evidence of civilization and advance-
ment which have greeted Your Eoyal Highness's progress thus far
have not induced^Your Eoyal Highness to deem the pioneers of the
land, or their descendants, wanting in the energy and intelligence
characteristic of the race from which they sprung, or undeserving
of the incomparable honour which Your Eoyal Highness now confers
upon them.
" We p>ray Your Eoyal Highness to be pleased to convey to our
Sovereign our fervent feelings of loyalty and attachment to Her
Majesty's crown and person, and our grateful appreciation of the
inestimable blessings of freedom and prosperity which, in common
with all Her Majesty's subjects, we enjoy under the benign rule of
our good and gracious Queen."
To which the Prince replied : —
" Gentlemen —
" I thank you sincerely for the address you have presented me
in the Queen's name.
" I acknowledge the expressions of your loyalty to Her Majesty's
crown and person ; and for myself, I am grateful to you for this
welcome to your town."
The Prince handed the several addresses as received to the
RECEPTION OF THE PBINCE OF WALES. 235^
Duke of Newcastle, who stood at his left hand, the Governor-
General being at his right.
Three cheers were next proposed by the Sheriff for the
Queen, three for the Prince Consort, and three for the Prince of
Wales.
Three splendid bands, brought from Bowmanville, Oshawa and
Prince Albert, and which had kept the crowd in good humour while
waiting all the morning, struck up "God Save the Queen," the
cannons commenced blazing away, and the Prince, amidst all
rejoicing, accompanied by the Governor-General, descended and
entered the handsome carriage of John Ham Perry, Esq., which
had been placed at the Mayor's disposal, and in a few minutes the
Eoyal party reached the wharf. The Oshawa Fire Company and
the Etighland Eifle Volunteer Company followed at a long distance
behind, the carriages having been driven at so rapid a rate that it
was impossible for those on foot to keep up with them. An immense
crowd lined the streets, and accompanied the carriages to the wharf*
Ample accommodation had been provided for the Prince's suite by
the Executive Committee, and the grand sight as a whole was noi
excelled at any similar demonstration in the Province. The streets
along the route were somewhat dusty, and this, together with the
desire to reach Toronto before nightfall, hastened the procession of
the Eoyal cortege.
At fifteen minutes past four o'clock His Eoyal Highness reached
the wharf, and at once went on board the steamer Kingston, which
in a few seconds steamed out of the harbour for Toronto, the
immense crowd vociferously cheering until the steamer got far out-
side the pier. The sight along the wharf, which is more than half
a mile in length, running out into the lake, beggars all description.
It was one living mass of men, women and children, carriages and
horses, huddled together so compactly that with every surge of the
ocean of heads one wondered how hundreds escaped being precipi-
tated into the water which bounded each side. However, no acci-
236 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
dent happened. Everything went off smoothly and pleasantly and
''merry as a marriage bell." The good order maintained by the
marshals of the procession was admirable.
The Mayor and Sheriff, both of whom followed in the Prince's
retinue to the wharf, accompanied the Eoyal party to Toronto.
The steamboats and the train, which was sent off from the Grand
Trunk station on the departure of the Prince, were loaded with
passengers, all anxious to witness the disembarkation at Toronto,
l)ut only those, we believe, who were fortunate enough to get on
1)oard the cars were in time for the purpose. Altogether the visit
of His Eoyal Highness to Whitby was under the most favourable
auspices. The weather was delightful, the arrangements complete
and satisfactory, and the people joyously pleased and enthusiastic
io behold their Prince ; and in the latter respect we are very happy
to state that so well were all the arrangements carried out, we have
not heard of a single disappointment — all were gratified with the
sight of the future heir of the British Empire.
The only thing to give the people of Whitby any cause of regret
in connection with the Prince's visit is that time did not permit His
Boyal Highness to visit their handsome and well-decorated town.
The town proper, as almost every one knows, is fully a mile and a
half from the railway station and harbour, so that it was impossible
for His Boyal Highness or those in his train to see the preparations
made there to receive them, in case it were possible to prolong his
stay by driving through the town. At the railway station and at
the wharf, however, we venture to say that enough was to be seen
to demonstrate satisfactorily the loyalty, enthusiasm and hospitality
with which the people of \^hitby and the county of Ontario desired
to welcome their Prince. We have already mentioned part of the
display at the railway station. In addition to this, there was
erected north of the station, on the junction of the street approach-
ing from the base line, a very handsome and well-decorated arch,
with the words "Welcome, One and All," over the arch, in the
THE DECORATIONS. 23T
centre, between the letters "A. E.," wreathed in evergreens and
surmounted by shields bearing the Prince of Wales's plumes.
Next to the display at the station was a splendid arch erected
on the approach from Brock Street to the harbour. This was a
superb structure, built in the Gothic style, with extended wings,
surmounted by flags, banners and streamers of every variety and
colour, representing the signals used by the Boyal Navy. Over
each wing were suspended shields emblazoned with the Eoyal arm&
and the Prince's plume, and painted in gorgeous colours. This
arch appeared almost a permanent structure, being strongly built
of lumber, and covered in the most tasteful manner with evergreens.-
Immediately west of the arch a point jutted out into the water
beside the warehouse of Messrs. James Bowe & Co., through whose
kindness seats were erected for the accommodation of about six
hundred children, trained and schooled to sing the '^ National
Anthem" during the approach and embarkation of the Prince,
Over the large warehouses of this company there were some very
appropriate devices, of a small ship at one side, and a huge sheaf
of wheat and agricultural productions at the other, and extended
between them the words, "Agriculture and Commerce." ' From the
roofs of the buildings and high above floated from the elevators
innumerable flags of every kind, presenting a gay and very animated
appearance. Large ensigns. Union Jacks, and other coloured flags
were unfurled over the residences of Messrs. Bowe, Watson and
Warren, and from, with scarcely an exception, every house and
building at the bay, most of which were also decorated with ever-
greens, and contained handsome mottoes and devices. But it was
up the town the gayest of the gay appearances m^slb presented.
Brock Street, from Pollard's hotel to the Market, was one con-
tinued arch of evergreens. Almost every merchant's store had its
arch or its grove of evergreens opposite, as had likewise the several
hotels ; and flags in profusion floated from every housetop. The
mos.t extensive arch, however, was that put up at the " Comers/*
238 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
•which was extended in the shape of a crown over the entire area
from Black^s hotel to Laing's store, and thence again to the other
side of Dundas Street to Bain's and the comer opposite on Brock
Street. This arch was quite a splendid aflfair, and was very much
Admired. It was richly and profusely decorated with flags ; and
from its centre were run up on flagstaffs ensigns and Union Jacks,
^hich waved gaily in the breeze. Prom Crocker's hotel to Ham-
ilton & Boberts' store another handsome arch spanned the street,
heavily decorated, and surmounted by a large sheaf of wheat, from
the centre of which flags were run up. Extended across Brock
Street, from the Chronicle office to Zwickey's harness-shop, was a
very beautifully designed arch, or rather a succession of arches,
for the broad sidewalk at each side was covered by arches, and
two arches spanned the street itself. From the centre an immense
flagstaff, between fifty and sixty feet in height, arose, from which
a large Union Jack fluttered, and the arch was also decked out
with gay colours of various designs. From two large poles at
^ach side of the street immense pumpkins were suspended, and
from the centre pole a sheaf of wheat ; and these poles and the
other portions of the arch were again decorated with com, fruit
and vegetables, and garlands of flowers. This was intended for
the agricultural arch. At the residence of Mr. J. H. Perry a
tasteful arch was erected over the gate entrance. It was sur-
mounted by a hpndsome shield, bearing the plume of the Prince
of Wales, and decorated" with small flags. Handsome flags, large
and small, also swayed from Mr. Perry's residence, and the fence
fiurrounding his pleasure-grounds was al&o overspread with gay
St. George's crosses. Splendid flags were unfurled from the towers
and roof of the Sheriffs new mansion, and from his present resi-
dence, which was very tastefully decorated. The residences of the
Mayor and other prominent citizens presented a similarly gay
appearance, and in fact — without entering into the tedium of enu-
merating each separately — there was scarcely in the whole town.
REJOICINGS. 239
from the county buildings downwards (and if we except our own
precious market building), a house on a prominent point from
which similar demonstrations of joy and welcome were not ex-
tended. On Brock Street, at the entrance to Mr. Francis Clarke's
<3ottage, a pretty arch was placed, which we had nearly omitted to
notice ; and across the street, at the base-line south of the railway
bridge, an arch partly constructed was left unfinished, through,
Tve are grieved to state, an accident happening to one of the work-
men — a young man named Wallis — ^whose arm was broken by the
fall. This is the only accident of any kind which we are called
upon to report.
In the evening a bonfire was lit in the town, and the rejoicings
iept up until a late hour. As our space will not permit our sup-
plying a more extended statement, we have only to add that all
the arrangements were as complete as it was possible they could
be, taking everything into account; that the several committees,
und their chairmen and secretaries, deserve the people's thanks
for carrying out their wishes as they have done; and in particular,
Messrs. James Bowe & Go. have earned for themselves all praise
for the immense exertions made by them at the harbour in making
everything appear to such advantage.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Koads — Harbours — ^Proposed canal — Early want of County roads — The leading County
highways— Government sale of roads and harbours — 1852— Whitby, Lake Scugog,
Simcoe and Huron Road Company— Simcoe Street and the Nonquon— Old Brock
Road— Appropriations— 1860, $20,000— County bridges— Appropriations for — Whitby
Harbour improvements — 1833 — John Welsh — Want of early shipping facilities— 1842
— ^Windsor Road Co.— Warehouses built— Purchase of the road and harbour— Seized
and sold in 1863 by Government — Mr. Gould and Mr. Draper become the purchasers
—1876 — ^Road surrendered to the County — Death of Mr. Draper — ^Refusal of the
town to purchase the harbour — A golden opportunity lost — Proposed canal — County
grant for survey— Report of engineer. *
THE county of Ontario now possesses very good gravel roads
throughout its extent. Through the townships in the front
the roads may be said to be of an excellent character, and in the
north they are fast improving. The Township Councils are quite
liberal in their appropriations to this end. In the early years of
settlement the want of good roads, or in fact of any roads, good or
bad, was one of the greatest discouragements the settler had to
encounter. In the course of time bridle-paths through the dense
forests gave way to blazed lines and corduroy clearings cut through
the woods. Constant yearly expenditures of money and labour,
with the increase of population and settlement, brought about the
desirable state of things in the way of good and permanent high-
ways, which, thanks also to the excellent provisions of the Muni-
cipal Act, we now find in existence in every direction. The Gov-
ernment laid out the main or Centre Boad through the centre of the
county, from Port Whitby to the Narrows Bridge. There was alsa
then laid out a leading road — the old Brock Boad — to the west
through Pickering, north, and the road from Oshawa, known as
ROAD APPROPRIATIONS. 241
Simcoe Street. At the time of the sale of the roads and harbours
in Upper Canada by the Government, in 1852, the Whitby, Lake
Scugog, Simcoe and Huron Eoad Company became the purchasers
of the Centre Eoad and Whitby Harbour. The Company spent
$30,000 in improving the road as far as Manchester, making it
one of the best travelled roads in the Province. They also spent
$15,000 on the harbour. Simcoe Street and the Nonquon roads
leading to Oshawa and harbour, and the western roads were
improved by private companies, and by grants from time to time
from the County and Township Councils. In 1860, after much
discussion over a general scheme for improving the main county
roads to the north, and when the railway scheme had been allowed
to rest for a time, a by-law was passed by the County Council
appropriating $20,000 for the purpose. Of this amount there was
given to Simcoe Street $2,000; the Centre Eoad, north of Man-
chester, $8,000; and to the Brock, or Western Eoad, $5,000. Scu-
gog Bridge, the Narrows Bridge, the Talbot Bridge, the bridge^
across the Black Eiver, between Scott and Georgina, and smaller
bridges and pieces of road in various localities, and especially in
Mara and Eama, had previously, and during this and following
years, had considerable sums voted for improvements. The bridges
specially named have, since the setting off of the county and being
assumed as county works, been a source of considerable annual
expense, and have annually drawn largely upon the county revenue
to keep them in repair.
Each of the three harbours has a history of its own. Whitby,
originally called Windsor Harbour, and still marked as such upon
old maps, was improved by the Government in 1843 and 1844;
piers were built, a good deal of dredging done, and a considerable
sum of money expended. As early as 1833 Mr. John Welsh had
built a storehouse and tramway for shipping wheat and flour, which
w:as done in scows, being taken out through the mud a long way
beyond the present breakwater. Mr. Welsh had also opened a
242 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
general store, and did a large business for years afterwards. He
was a native of Clones, County Monaghan, Ireland, and few men in
his day were better liked or mpre respected in any locality. He
died in 1860. The Windsor warehouse (since pulled down) was
built in 1842, Messrs. Perry, Cochrane, Campbell, NichoU and
Mitchell forming a company, known as the Windsor Warehouse
Company, for the purpose. Mr. John Watson, another Irishman,
a native of the County Dublin, retained the various positions of
Manager, Director, Secretary and Treasurer of the Company for
seven years. He had been with Mr. Welsh for two years pre-
viously. Mr. James Eowe, better known afterwards as " Captain
Bowe,'* another warm-hearted Irishman, from the Queen's County,
had in the interval, in partnership with Mr. James Cotton, obtained
the contract for dredging the harbour, with other Government works.
After the building of the piers, Messrs. Watson, Welsh and Eowe
-entered into partnership, purchased two lots of the Goreham pro-
perty on the beach, and built the present warehouses, where busi-
ness was afterwards carried on for so many years and with so much
success by them under the name of James Eowe & Co. In 1852
the Whitby, Lake Scugog, Simcoe and Huron Eoad Company,
already mentioned, was formed by the three partners, who pur-
chased the road and the harbour from the Government. The Com-
pany spent large/ sums in improving the road and harbour, and
paid some $54,000 to the Government. Like other companies who
iad purchased works of the kind from the Government, which
became depreciated in value after the construction of the Grand
Trunk Eailway, the company fell into arrear, and were dispossessed,
their property seized under a writ of extent, and the road and har-
bour re-sold under the Sandfield Macdonald Government, in 1868.
Messrs. Joseph Gould and Chester Draper became the purchasers.
After two years these gentlemen severed the joint connection, Mr.
Draper taking the harbour and Mr. Gould the road. The road was
surrendered in the summer of 1876 to the county under the statute.
WHITBY HARBOUR. 243
Mr. Draper died in December of the same year, and the property
of the harbour afterwards passed into the hands of its present
owners. A special Act was obtained to enable the town to pur-
chase the Jiarbour property, which could have been obtained on
most advantageous terms. The ratepayers were consulted, and
the offer voted down. This was another opportunity lost. Whitby
would have been immensely benefited by the ownership of its har-
bour. Its possession would not only have netted the town a large
certain annual revenue, but it would have enabled the Corporation
to make terms with the railway companies, which could not fail to
have enured to the lasting benefit of the people of Whitby. As
in many other matters, the ratepayers were led away by foolish
talk. They were talked and argued out of their right senses by
noisy individuals in refusing the ownership and control of their
own harbour, and in rejecting a source of revenue that would have
very much lightened the burden of taxation, and perhaps secured
the cancellation of the entire railway debt.
Large sums of public and private funds have been expended in
improving the harbours of Pickering and Oshawa. Both are also
in the hands of private companies. A canal route through the
county from Georgian Bay to Lake Ontario is another project to
which public attention has been for a long time directed. In view
of the importance of its advantages, the County Council, at the
June session of 1868, made an appropriation of $600 for the pur-
pose of ascertaining by a survey the practicability of a route
through the county. The survey was entrusted to Mr. T. C. Keefer,
C. E., who made the following report : —
"** To Silas B. Fairbanks, Esq., Oshawa, Chairman of the Standing
Committee on Roads and Bridges, County Council of the
county of Ontario :
" Sir, — I have the honour to report that, in compliance with your
instructions, I have emmined the counti^ between the townships of
244 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Whitby and Thorah, in the county of Ontario, as well as the valleys
of the Scugog, Sturgeon and Balsam Lakes, and the Talbot Portage
Eoute, in order to determine the practicability of constructing a
canal between Lake Simcoe and Lake Ontario by the route of Lake
Scugog.
" The practicability of connecting Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron
is assumed ; and I have no reason to doubt that this may be done,
either by the natural route of the Severn Eiver, or by the Nottawa-
saga — so that if Lake Simcoe can be connected with Lake Ontario,
via Scugog, a route for a Georgian Bay Canal may be had, which
will be as direct as any other, and at the same time be in com-
munication with the inland waters or the Trent navigation.
" The renewed importance which has been given to a Georgian
Bay Canal, since the diversion of a western trade from the Missis-
sippi to the Great Lakes, has induced your county authorities to
undertake this examination, in order to bring forward the merits
of the Scugog route, in competition with the only one hitherto
agitated, that by the valleys of the Holland and Humber Eivers
west of Toronto.
"Before proceeding to give the result of my examination, I will
refer to the question of a canal between Lakes Huron and Ontario
generally, in order to show that the two routes above mentioned
are the only direct ones which offer any inducements for consider-
ation.
"The object sought by the Georgian Bay Canal, in contra-
distinction to the Welland route, via Lake Erie, on the one hand,
and the Ottawa route, via Lake Nipiseing, on the other, is to afford
a navigation which will avoid the detour and extra insurance of
Lakes Erie and St. Clair — the Detroit and St. Clair Bivers, and
especially the shoals known as the * St. Clair Flats ' ; and at the
same time give a route not only to Montreal, but from Chicago to
New York, via Oswego, which the Ottawa route could not do. The
height and breadth of the dividing ridges between Huron and
GEORGIAN BAY CANAL PROJECT. 245
Ontario make it impracticable to use the waters of the former as a
feeder, and thus obtain the minimum lockage, as is the case between
Erie and Ontario on the route of the Welland Canal. A higher
intermediate level must therefore be resorted to ; but there is a
shortening of the route between Chicago and Oswego of two hundred
and fifty miles, to be set off against the increased lockage required
on the Georgian Bay route.
" The range within which a canal route between Huron and
Ontario can be sought for is limited to the valley of Lake Simcoe,
which is common to every route ; and, as already mentioned, this
lake may be entered from Lake Huron, either from the mouth of
the Nottawasaga'or Severn Eivers ; but the range by which com-
munication between Lake Simcoe and Lake Ontario is possible is
much wider, extending from the Humber Valley, west of Toronto,
to the mouth of the Trent, in the Bay of Quints.
"As the extreme eastern outlet, although the natural one,
embraces a length of navigation of over two hundred miles between
Huron and Ontario, in addition to the maximum lockage, it cannot
come into competition with either of- the other routes in point of
distance ; and the question then arises whether the difficulties in
overcoming the natural barriers between Simcoe jand Ontario, on
any direct route, would force a resort to the circuitous one of the
inland waters.
" To this it may be said that there is evidently a limit within
which the route of the Georgian Bay Canal may be lengthened,
because, with the inevitable excess of lockage, a direct route is the
only one which could, on commercial grounds alone, be advocated
in competition with the enlargement of the Welland Canal — a
oanal which has the advantage not only of the minimum lockage
and cost, but also of accommodating the trade of Lake Erie, as well
as that of Huron, Michigan and Superior.
" In a military point of view there would be an advantage in
favour of a Georgian Bay route (besides the local benefits conferred)
246 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
' over any enlargement of the Welland, or of a second canal on that
route ; and if the St. Clair Flats may be regarded as a permanent
obstacle to navigation, the commercial superiority of such a route
for the trade of Huron, Michigan and Superior would be very
decided. As a mere military work, the extreme eastern route
already mentioned, by the Trent and Bay of Quints, might be pre-
ferred; but if commercial considerations prevail the question of
route will be limited to the townships of York and Whitby. In
these comparisons the question of cost is omitted : the surveys
which have been made not having been carried far enough to give
the data for arriving at the probable cost upon any of the routes,
although enough is known, to show that any direct navigation
between the Georgian Bay and Ontario niust be a costly under-
taking in proportion to its length.
" The old surveyed route, via the Trent and Bay of Quints, would
evade the formidable ridges south of Lake Simcoe, but, from the
extent of shoal water and rock which would be encountered upon
the route, the cost for a deep water navigation, such as is now
demanded by the exigencies of through commerce, would probably
be as great a total (though not so great per mile) as upon the
shorter routes. ^
" With these preliminary remarks, I will now describe the natural
obstacles to direct navigation between Lakes Simcoe and Ontario,
to follow which it is necessary to bear in mind that Lake Huron is
340 and Lake Simcoe 475 feet above the level of Ontario.
"The peninsula of Eastern Canada, from the banks of the
Niagara River, the natural outlet for the waters of the Upper Lakes,
rises gradually from an elevation of about 360 feet. Ontario, at the
Great Western Eailway near the Suspension Bridge, to 550 feet, on
the line of the Hamilton and Port Dover Railway, and 750 feet on
that of the Great Western, between Hamilton and the Grand River,
where the high land, sweeping round to the north-east, an elevation
of over 1,000 feet above Ontario, is encountered at the summit of
OBSTACLES TO DIRECT NAVIGATION. 247
the Grand Trunk Eailway in Esquesing, between Toronto and
Guelph. Here the elevated plateau bears off nearly due north,
running into Lake Huron above Collingwood, with a precipitous
escarpment on the eastern face — a fall of between 300 and 400 feet
taking place rapidly in that direction. From the face of this escarp-
ment a lowejf ridge (at about the general level of 700 feet above
Ontario) sets out from a point about midway between the head of
Lakes Huron and Ontario, having its summit north of Toronto, at
a point half way between Ontario and Simcoe, but approaching the
former as it proceeds eastward until it reaches the township of
Whitby, where the summit, whicB*had set out at Caledon, the third
township back from Lake Ontario, enters the north-east comer of
Whitby, a township fronting on that lake. Before reaching this
point, however, the ridge attains its highest elevation (about 900
feet) in Uxbridge, from whence a broad * spin ' strikes out to the
north-east) the angle between the main line and spur being occupied
by Lake Scugog. This spur, separating Scugog valley from that of
Lake Simcoe, extends at a very uniform elevation (with one remark-
able break) up to Balsam Lake, where it falls off. The main line
of the ridge between Scugog and Ontario has a summit of about
800 feet above Ontario, but here the ridge attains its narrowest
dimensions, being * drawn up,' as it were, the breadth on the top
being from 200 to 800 yards. At a level one hundred feet below the
summit, the breadth through is less than half a milef. The spur
between Scugog and Simcoe valleys has a tolerably uniform summit
of 750 feet above Ontario, but it has great breadth, the high ground
approaching near to Lakes Simcoe and Scugog. The spur is nearly
cut through, on a direct line between Beaverton on Lake Simcoe,
and Port Perry on Lake Scugog, by the valleys of the Beaver and
Nonquon streams, on which route a uarrow ridge, giving a summit
of about 650 feet above Ontario, is found, which extends only half
a mile, after which this is reduced to 630 and under.
'' ^cugog Lake stands about 575 feet above Lake Ontario ; so
248 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
that the highest ground between it and Simcoe would be about 76
feet above the level of the former, while the extreme summit of the
ridge between it and Ontario would be 212 feet above Scugog Lake
on the lowest, but 234 feet on the shortest route. The hilly country
between Scugog and Simcoe ; the difficulty of following the timbered
and swampy valleys, and the circuit required by reason of so many
road allowances being closed, make repeated levelling necessary to
ensure exactness. I think, however the above figures will not be
seriously altered by a more careful survey. The first question
which presents itself in projecting a canal between Simcoe and
Ontario, via Scugog, is a supply of water.
" Scugog Lake could not be depended upon for this purpose, and
a supply either independent of it or auxiliary to it must be sought.
This can only be obtained from that portion of the Trent waters
which lie above the Scugog level.
*' If Lake Scugog be made the feeder an auxiliary supply must be
thrown into it; and this can only be done either by bringing
Sturgeon Lake to the same level with Scugog (abolishing the dam
at Lindsay), and sending a portion of the waters which pass Bob-
caygeon dam at Port Perry; or by bringing down a feeder from
Cameron Lake and throwing it into the Scugog, above the dam at
Lindsay.
" To effect this it is probable it would be found advisable to lower
Scugog Lake, say one-third, and raise Sturgeon Lake two-thirds of
the difference between them. But in order to make Scugog a
feeder, it would be desirable in view of the summit to be overcome
between it and Simcoe and Ontario, to raise rather than lower its
level, as every foot which could be put upon it would seriously
diminish the cost of the summit cuttings.
" It is impossible without a careful survey to express any opinion
as to the effect of raising Scugog Lake above its present level any
definite number of feet. If it be raised at all, or even maintained
upon its present level, it would be necessary — as there is no proba-
RECOMMENDATIONS. 249
"bility that Sturgeon Lake could in that case be brought to the same
level with it — ^to resort to the more expensive plan of bringing down
a feeder from Cameron's Lake. There would be the disadvantage
that as Cameron's Lake is over fifteen feet higher than Scugog Lake,
the whole benefit which could be derived from such an expensive
feeder would not be obtained unless Scugog Lake could be raised
ten feet more — a proposition, I take it, which could not be enter-
tained.
"In view of the formidable character of the cutting between
Scugog and Ontario, and the great length of the summit one between
Scugog and Simcoe it would very much diminish the difficulty and
<50st of these, which are the keys to the undertaking, if a feeder at
least as much higher than Scugog as the depth of the proposed
navigation could be procured, by which these cuttings could be
reduced in length and depth, and through drainage in both direc-
tions be secured. Moreover it would be desirable that the schemes
should be carried out without affecting the physical features of the
country to the extent which would be done by serious alterations in
the level of Sturgeon and Scugog Lakes.
" The plan which therefore appears to me the most feasible would
be, to make Balsam Lake or Gull Eiver the feeder, the waters of
which could be had at an elevation of nearly 600 feet above Ontario,
and to throw a sufficient quantity of these into Talbot Biver, and
conduct them by a feeder towards Cannington, in Brock, near which
it would strike the line of the proposed navigation. With a feeder
si a level, say, 13 feet above Scugog, the length of the cutting
between Scugog and Simcoe would be still a long one, say nine
miles, averaging 25 feet, with the exception of the half mile of
summit, where the cutting would reach 70 feet. If Gull Eiver can
be tapped above the level of Balsam Lake, the height of the ridge
or spur before described, between the east branch of the Beaver .
Creek and the head water of Talbot Biver, is such that it should
carry a feeder on a higher level than Balsam Lake, and thus attain
250 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
a greater command of the ridge between Simcoe and Scugog. Of
course every foot added to the height of feeder would add two to the
lockage of the route, but, within certain limits, this would be pre-
ferable to long, deep cuttings in the bottoms of valleys which have
high banks, or in swamps.
" With respect to the supply of water which could be afforded
from Gull Biver, or Balsam Lake, I am of opinion that it could be
materially increased by impounding the flood waters in the lakes
which are the sources of this stream, nor do I doubt that a survey
would show a further supply could be added by diverting the waters
from the sources of such streams as the Muskoka, Madawaska,.
Petawawa, or Burnt Eiver, or some of these. I have generally
found that the chains of lakes which occupy the 'height of
land ' are divided often by low and narrow barriers, and that water
may be turned from the higher into the lower without serious
difficulty.
"If the feeder be maintained on a level above the Scugog Lake,
the canal need not enter this lake at all (except by locks for the
purpose of branch navigation), unless the lake were raised to the
level of the canal by a dam at its outlet, which would not probably
be entertained. Instead of this the Nonquon Yall^ might be
dammed across at the junction of the north and south branches on
the 18th line of Beach, and the canal be continued in the South
Branch Valley as far as the 10th concession, when it could be taken
out to the shore of Scugog Lake, and thence by the valley of Cedar
Greek to the Pine Bidges.
'' No steps were taken to ascertain the character of the summit
cutting between Scugog and Simcoe, in the Nonquon and Beaver
Creek Valleys and intervening ridges, but as I believe no rock has
been discovered in Brock or Beach, it may be assumed to be earth
excavation. As to the more lofty elevation southward of Scugog, it
would be difficult to surmise what would be found at the bottom of
ROUTE — ^LOCKA.GE. 251
an excavation of 200 feet and over, in its deepest portion, and
several miles in extent. As shown on the top the ridge is a hard
clay, overlaid in some places with sand. It may be that the core
of the ridge is rock, which material is found near the Ontario level
at Port Hope and Toronto, and again at Lindsay, on the Scugog
Eiver.
" In a cutting of such depth, and in a district devoid of stone^
rock would be the most desirable material to encounter, as it would
be a guarantee against slides, and give the minimum quantity to be
removed ; while, if of a useful quality, its value to the work would
be considerable.
" If the Severn route were adopted, between Lake Simcoe and
Lake Huron, the Georgian Bay Canal route, via Scugog, would be
between five and ten miles shorter than the one via Humber and
Holland Bivers; but if tl^e Nottawasaga route be taken between
Simcoe and Huron there would be about the same difference the
other way.
" If the Severn route be found preferable, it would not be neces-
sary to enter Lake Simcoe at all ; and this may then prove the
better course. It would be better for the canal if it had a con-
tinuous towing-path (like the Welland) from Huron to Ontario, as-
both these lakes are well adapted for sailing craft. Since the feeder
« will leave the Talbot Biver valley, it may be found practicable to
continue upon it a& the main line of the canal, and descend from
thence to Lake Couchiching or Severn Bridge; or the canal maybe
kept above the lake level from -the shore near Beaverton to the same
points, and thus avoid the cost of a harbour, dredging, towage, etc.,
which are involved by entering the lake.
" The total lockage on this route would be very heavy, amounting
to 840 feet, or about 600 feet greater than that upon the Welland
Canal. The lockage upon the Holland and Humber Bivers route,,
with Lake Simcoe as the feeder, would be 280 feet less than this^
252 THE LIFE AND TIMES OP JOSEPH GOULD.
as that lake is 100 feet lower than Scugog, and 115 feet lower than
the proposed summit or feeder level of a canal through the county
of Ontario ; but the obstacles are so great to any route with a
feeder so low as Lake Simcoe that I am of opinion the extra lockage
would be preferred to attempting the long, deep cutting between
the Holland and Humber Eivers. I have shown a section of ridge
<5ompared with the one south of Lake Scugog, by which the
difference in the two undertakings will be shown at a glance."
CHAPTEE XXXVm.
Educational interoBts — Growth of education in the County— A retrospect of the past —
Statistics— Public Schools— Separate Schools— High Schools of the county — County
Model School— Ontario Ladies* College— Demill College— Pickering College — Founda-
tion of the High Schools — Brief sketches— Indian School, etc.
IN treating of the portion of the historical sketch having refer-
ence to education in the county of Ontario, there is little to he
said in a general way in reference to the rise and growth of our
present system of education that might not with equal justice be
affirmed of almost every other county in the Province. The begin-
ning was entirely insignificant, but the issue has been, except to
eye-witnesses, amazing beyond credibility. The oak has indeed
sprung from the acorn, and its boughs cover all the land. Inas-
much, however, as there is, perhaps with increasing years,
increasing danger that our young people, judging from the smiling
scenes- of prosperity, both material and educational, that greet them
on all hands, may imagine that the present state of things ha&
been continual, or may through sheer inability to believe, regard *
the tales of the hardships in the pursuit of knowledge that fell ta
the lot of our pioneers as the dreams of distempered imaginations
worthy to be reckoned with the adventures of Sinbad or the
exploits of Munchausen, it may be well to put upon record some
authentic facts of these olden times, as described by the few
ancients that still connect us with the primeval forest, and to
revive those memories which are fast becoming lost in the
multiplied experiences and* ever-shifting panorama of these modern
days. There are people still living whose memory can carry them
254 THE LIFE AND TIMES OP JOSEPH GOULD.
to the time when there was not a schoolhouse in the connty of
Ontario. There are many who can recollect when schoolhouses
were few and far between, when the machinery of education was of
the rudest description, and when the highest ambition of parents
was that their children might be able to read and write. There are
hundreds who can remember when the literary attainments of the
teacher were gauged . by his own appraisal of them, when an
itinerant system of boarding supplemented his scanty wages, when
" healths five fathoms deep " and mighty potations were thought
no discredit to him, nor were supposed to obscure his mental vision
nor mar his usefulness ; when a prime requisite for success in his
work was not so much the ability to impart knowledge as to inflict
innumerable punishments of the most fantastic complexion for the
most trifling offences, and to subdue backwoods lawlessness to
some system of transatlantic civilization. In these primitive times
the schoolhouse was constructed of logs frequently unhewn, and it
contained but a single room. The furniture was of the rudest
description, consisting chiefly of long pieces of deal supported by
pins inserted in the wall used for desks, in front of which extended
huge pieces of square timber supported by legs of uneven length,
whose unaccommodating unparity afforded more opportunities to
the pupils of determining the centre of gravity than practising the
art of caligraphy. Utterly blank were the walls, except indeed
where some adventurous youth had carved his name, or with bold
design had traced in carbon the well known visage of " the master."
Maps, charts and all the other triumphs of Caxton's art that now
adorn the walls of the humblest schoolhouse in the land were then
unknown, and we doubt not many middle-aged men and women
oan recall their first impressions when they beheld unrolled before
their admiring gaze a map of this stately planet, which they heard
for the first time had been bowling around the sun for thousands of
years. Like many dwelling-houses of -the time,, the schoolhouse
was heated by means of an immense fire-place, upon whose ample
PROGRESS OF EDUCATION. , 255
heaxth blazed tremendous logs cut from the adjacent woods — a
system that served the double purpose of heating and ventilation.
Of fresh air, indeed, there was no lack, for after a few years'
occupation this building disclosed many holes and crevices through
which wind or rain found an easy entrance, and through which the
youngsters, tired with their unaccustomed toil, might espy the
progress of the world without. Tradition tells us that the first
«tove in any schoolhouse in the county was made from an old
potash-kettle, two accidental holes — one in the bottom and the
other in the side — suggesting to some ingenious patron of learning
ihe stoking-hole and the flue. Turned bottom up and furnished
with a chimney, what need to state that it became the admiration
of all the country-side. Bude and destitute conveniences as these
first schoolhouses were, they nevertheless cost the early settlers
much patient labour and no little self-sacrifice. Often the burden
of completing them fell upon two or three public-spirited men of
the section, and often too, extreme difficulty was experienced in
raising sufficient means wherewith to pay the teacher.
These striking memorials of backwoods times are fast disappear-
ing, and giving place to elegant and commodious structures which
dot the landscape in every direction, and which are no less the
pride than the ornament of the whole country. May they all soon
disappear, and may not antiquarian zeal nor blighting parsimony
prevent them being replaced by schoolhouses more in accord with
the progress of education and the necessities of the times ! Time
and space, will not permit us to go into any detail as to the various
steps by which the means of education, from its rude and unpro-
mising beginning have attained to their present happy condition ;
it must suffice to mention results.
According to the report of the Minister of Education, laid before
the House at the last session of the Legislature (1887), the school
population of the county numbered 12,291 ; the total number of
pupils attending the Public Schools was 10,417 — 6,698 boys and
256 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
4,819 girls. The total receipts for Public School purposes were-
$80,475.90; of which amount $59,848.28 were raised by municipal
school grants and assessments. There were 146 Public School
teachers employed who received salaries aggregating $52,451.18^
These figures do not include the towns of Whitby and Oshawa.
The school population of Oshawa was 1,634; total number
attending the Public Schools, 975 — 490 boys and 485 girls. Total
receipts for Public School purposes, $6,725.44; and the amount
paid for teachers' salaries,. $4,749. 16.
The number of pupils attending the Public Schools of Whitby
was 677—372 boys and 305 girls. Total receipts, $5,993.85; and
the amount paid for teachers' salaries, $4,540.
There is only one Eoman Catholic Separate School in the
county, at Mara; the total amount received for which is $590.20^
and the amount paid to teacher, $396.
Mr. J. P. Foley, J.P., of Brechin, already mentioned in these
pages for his munificence in connection with the township of Mara,
has largely aided in the erection of the school building.
There is also a Eoman Catholic Separate School at Oshawa,
and one at Whitby. The total receipts of the former are $687.70;
amount paid to teacher, $400. The total receipts of the Whitby
Separate School are $649.03; amount paid to teacher, $475.
There are four High Schools in the county — Oshawa, Port
Perry, Uxbridge, and Whitby Collegiate Institute.
The total receipts for Oshawa High School were $8,828; amount
paid f6r teachers' salaries, $2,766.
Port Perry, receipts, $3,848.49; amount paid for teachers*
salaries, $2,868.
Uxbridge High School, total receipts, $3,332.27; amount paid
for teachers' salaries, $8,115.
Mr. Gould built the first Grammar School in Uxbridge about
1856; it was a frame building, and was erected at his own ex-
pense.
COUNTY SCHOOLS. ^ 257
Whitby Collegiate Institute, total receipts, $5,495.48; amount
paid for teachers' salaries, $4,943.
The number of pupils in attendance were —
Oshawa High School 164
Port Perry High School 114
Uxbridge " 101
Whitby Collegiate Institute 161
Total 540
This is stated to be the largest number of High School pupils
of any county in the Province.
There are also two first-class Model Schools, one at Whitby and
one at Port Perry. Last year the number of student-teachers on
the Whitby roll was 26 — 14 males and 12 females. All the males
and eleven females passed the final examination. Port Perry School
makes an equally good exhibit.
• The Indian School at Eama is favourably reported on by the
County Inspector, Mr. James McBrien. The building is very com-
fortable, and has ample accommodation, and the equipment is
good. At his last visit (1886) there were but twenty-two pupils
present ; but there were twice that number of school age. Fair pro-
gress was being made in reading, writing, spelling and geography.
Through the exertions of this efficient County Inspector much
interest is now taken in planting trees on the school grounds. As
many as* 2,252 had been planted out on last Arbour Day (1886),
averaging about twenty trees for every school section in the county,
and the work was still progressing.
Some of the best schoolhouses in the county are to be found
in Whitby, Oshaw^, Port Perry and Uxbridge, and in Pickering.
Prior to the year 1871 the inspection of the Public Schools was
conducted chiefly by resident clergymen, appointed to the duty of
examining schools by the County Councils, and not a little of the
progress of education, not only in this county but throughout the
Province, is due to the untiring energy of many of these men.
258 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Among many men of note in this county^ whose personal efforts
in early times contributed much to the advancement of the schools,
was the Rev. Dr. Thornton.
In the year 18.71 many important changes took place. All the
Public Schools were made free, trustees were compelled to provide
adequate school accommodation, and the County Inspector, Mr.
McBrien, was appointed. The County Board of Examiners was
constituted, and several other changes in school matters took place
which are common to all counties.
The facilities for higher education in the county are of the
most satisfactory character. There are, as stated above, four High
Schools, called County High Schools, and two Model Schools for
the training of both sexes for various grades of Public School
Teachers' Certificates, and for preparing candidates for the Uni-
versities and for entering the learned professions generally. These
schools are conveniently situated, and are all exercising a very
great influence in their respective communities, and contributing
very largely to the growth of knowledge and culture throughout
Ihe county.
Whitby School was established 1846
Uxbridge " " 1856
Oshawa " *• 1865
Port Perry " « 1868
"Formerly there was a High School in the village of Cannington
and one in Beaverton, but both were closed for lack of funds. The
schools are supported equally by the Government, Legislative and
the County grants being made in aid of them, according to a sys-
tem depending partly upon the average attendances of the pupils
and partly upon their proficiency in the subjects of a curriculum
uniform for the Province, the number of teachers employed, and
the equipment and buildings.
In addition to these High Schools there are also private insti-
HIGH SCHOOLS. 259
tutions: (1) The Ontario Ladies' College at Whitby, (2) the Demill
Ladies' College at Oshawa, and (3) the Quaker School at Pickering
(now closed, but expected to be again re-opened).
A mere list of these places for higher education is sufficient to
indicate the immense progress that has been made.
The Whitby High School (now the Collegiate Institute) has a
standing of over forty years, and was long known as the Senior
County Grammar School. It was founded in 1846 by the liberality
and public spirit of Peter Perry, Samuel Cochrane (the veteran of
1812) and Ezra Annes, to whom the county of Ontario in general,
and the town of Whitby in particular, must ever owe the deepest
gratitude.
The school was opened with Mr. James Hodgson, late Inspector
of Public Schools of South York, as head master.
The successors of Mr. Hodgson in office were William McCabe,
LL.B-, Thomas Kirkland, M.A., S. Arthur Marling, M.A., .George
H. Eobinson, M.A., and the present head master, L. E. Embree,
M.A. Under the direction of these well-known masters the school
has attained to a more than Provincial fame ; its pupils are being
drawn from all parts of the Dominion, and its alumni found in
every quarter of the globe. The old school was built two stories
high, only one flat of which, how^ver, was occupied or even finished;
but the rapid success of the school soon laid under requisition both
flats, and for some years the new improvement sufficed. But in
1872 the pressure for more accommodation became so great that
the "Board of Trustees determined t6 erect a structure commen-
surate with the prospects of the school and adapted to the modem
ideas of education. The present beautiful and commodious struc-
ture was erected in 1873, and now stands amongst the most elegant
and commodious schoolhouses in the Province.
The Port Perry High School was opened in 1868, Notwith-
standing the disadvantages of an unsuitable building and a want
of necessary apparatus, it sent forth many scholars, who have
260 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
shown by their subsequent success that their training was thorough
and substantial.
In 1878 the Board of Trustees determined to erect school build-
ings in some degree corresponding to the enterprise and prosperity
of the village, and, as the result of this determination, we have the
present handsome and commodious High and Public Schoolhouse.
The schools of Oshawa and Uxbridge have been equally suc-
cessful, and both towns have shown commendable liberality in
providing educational facilities for the rising generation.
In this connection the long services of Dr. Bascom' and Bev.
Mr. Gockburn in the cause of education deserve especial mention.
For more than a quarter of a century the worthy Doctor has acted
in the capacity of Secretary of the Uxbridge Board. Eev. Mr.
Gockburn has for a period of fourteen years filled the office of
chairman, and was also a member of the Board of Examiners of
the county for several years.
CHAPTER XXXIX.
Farming^-Stook-breeding— Position of the Farmerg— First County Agricultural'Society—
Officers— North Ontario County Society— Prizes in *53 and *86— Volunteer Companies
—Formation of 34th Battalion— County Wardens— Parliamentary Representatives —
The County Press.
IN improved methods of agriculture, as well as in stock-breeding,
the farmers of the county of Ontario stand foremost in the
Province. The farms are generally well tilled and well stocked,
and most farmers of the county have, now, comfortable dwellings,
good horses and modern farm implements ; large roomy bams ;
fine oi'chards and gardens, and every farm convenience, as well as
the means of comfort and enjoyment. The front townships have
often been described as the ''Garden of Canada," and at the present
day many of the townships north are little, if any, behind them.
Tears of persevering toil and praiseworthy self-denial have brought
about this improved state of things for the successors of the early
settlers, who, bare and ill-provided, entered the bush, and through
struggles and hardships, of which their descendants know little,
conquered such smiling homes from the Canadian forest. The Agri-
cultural Societies have done their share towards the great progress
that has been made, and the Farmers' Clubs are now helping them
on in the grand work.
Mr. Gould, as has already been gleaned from these pages, early
in life took a deep interest in farming, and that interest was con-
tinued up to his death. At one time he worked between six and
seven hundred acres. He was always advising his farming friends
to work the land better and graze more stock.
The first County Agricultural Society was formed in February,
262 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH QOULD.
1858. The officers were: — Ebenezer Birfell, president; John
Eitson, 1st vice-president ; Samuel Widdefield, 2nd vice-president ;
John Ham Perry, secretary ; John Corbett, treasurer. Directors —
Joseph Pierson, John Gierke, John Shier, J. C. Stirling, A. Farewell,
Adam Spears and William Boynton. Before that time there were
township societies, which held small fairs, sometimes united in
order to make a better show. Those of Whitby and Pickering were
held at Oshawa, Duffin's Creek, Greenwood and Whitby alternately.
Cattle fairs were also held at Ashburn, Columbus and Greenwood.
In 1855 the North Biding set up as a separate County Agricul-
tural Society. Both societies have since grown and flourished.
The amount awarded in prizes at the first county show, held in
Whitby, in September, 1858, was £56 ($224). This was for the
whole county. The amounts awarded in prizes by the South Ontario
County Agricultural Society for several years past, average $2,500
per annum. And at a fair held at Port Perry in the nortklast year
sums amounting to over $5,000 were given in prizes. These are
indications of the progress which agriculture has made in the county
of Ontario.
The 34th Battalion, now commanded by Col. M. O'Donovan, i&
the County regiment of volunteers, with headquarters at Whitby.
In 1858, under Baron de Botenburg, the then Adjutant-General
of Canada, the first company of volunteers was raised by Captain
James Wallace. During the Trent affair companies were formed
in Oshawa, Greenwood, Uxbridge, Beaverton, Brooklin, Cannington,
Port Perry, Columbus and Whitby, which were incorporated inta
the 84th. The battalion was commanded by Col. Fairbanks up to
the time of his death, and afterwards by Col. Wallace, and for a
short time by Col. Warren, of Oshawa. On Col. Wallace's leaving
Canada, the command fell to Col. O'Donovan.
Officers and men have been always prompt to the call of duty^
and both the County Council and the local municipalities of the com-
panies have always given substantial recognition of their services*
COUNTY WARDENS — PARLIAMENTAKY REPRESENTATIVES. 263
COUNTY WARDENS.
The following are the names of the gentlemen who have filled
the Warden's chair, and the year of their election :—
1853
1864.... I
1865
1866
1857
1858
1859......
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
Joseph Gould.
T. N. Gibbs.
James Rowe.
T. N. Gibbs.
J. H. Thompson.
J. H. Thompson.
D. G. Hewett.
Chas. Robinson.
J. H. Thompson.
T. P. White.
Wm. Smith.
John Ratcliflf.
J. H. Thompson.
J. H. Thompson.
Calvin Campbell.
J. H. Perry.
J. B. Bickell.
Josh. Wright.
1870 W. S. Sexton.
1871 Geo. Wheler.
1872 W.H. Gibbs.
1873 James 0. Guy.
1874 Philip McRae.
1875 Geo. Smith.
1876 John Miller.
1877 Yeoman Gibson.
1878 Malcom Gillespie.
1879 James Graham.
1880 James McPherson.
1881 Geo. F. Bruce.
1882 Peter Christie.
1883 Isaac J. Gould.
1884 J. L. Smith. .
1885 Henry Gordon.
1886 Chas. Gould.
1887 Joseph Monkhouse.
HEPBESENTATrVES IN PARLIAMENT.
The connty of Ontario was represented in the Canadian Parlia-
ment from the setting off of the county up to the confederation of
the Provinces as follows : —
North Ontario
South Ontario
. . 1854 to 1861 Joseph Gould.
. . 1861 to 1863 Hon. Sir M. C. Cameron.
. . 1863 to 1864 Hon. Wm. McDougall.
. . 1864 to 1867 Hon. Sir M. C. Cameron.
. . 1854 to 1857 Jno. M. Lumsden.
. .1857 to 1866 Hon. 0. Mowat.
. . 1866 to 1867 .Hon. T. N. Gibbs.
264 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Since Confederation the members have been, for the House of
Commons : — •
North Ontario. .1867 to 1872 Jno. Hall Thompson.
" " 1872 to 1874 ...;. . W. H. Gibbs.
" " 1874 to 1876 Adam Gordon.
" 1876 to 1878 W. H. Gibbs.
1878 to 1882 Geo. Wheler.
" '* 1882 to 1887 A. P. Cockbum.
" " 1887 to F. Madm, the sitting member.
South Ontario .. 1867 to 1874 Hon. T. K Gibbs.
" " 1874 to 1876 Hon. Malcolm Cameron.
" " 1876 to 1878 Hon. T. N. Gibbs.
*' " 1878 to 1887 , F. W. Glen.
* " From 1887 William Smith, the sitting member.
For the Provincial Legislature : —
North Ontario. . 1867 to 1879 Thomas Paxton.
" , •* 1879 to 1883 Frank Madill.
" " . From 1883 Isaac J. Gould, the sitting member.
South Ontario .. 1867 to 1871 Dr. McGill.
" " 1871 to 1875 Ab. Farewell.
« " 1875 to 1879 N. W. Brown.
" " 1879 to John Dryden, the sitting meinber.
Of newspapers the county of Ontario would certainly appear to
have its fair share. There are no fewer than fourteen now published
within the county.
The Tribune and the Friendly Moralist were the earliest ven-
tures. They were brought out in Oshawa in 1848 and 1849. They
were followed by the Freeman and Reformer y in 1850 — small sheets
which had only a short existence. The Whitby Freemmi j&rst
appeared in 1850, and was replaced by the Whitby Reporter for a
few months, published by J. S. Sprowle. It then became the Ontario
Reporter, a sheet of somewhat respectable dimensions, published hj
COUNTY NEWSPAPERS. 265
Messrs. Perry and Dornan, and was afterwards published up to 1857
l)y J, 0. Dornan alone. The Whitby Commonwealth was started
in the town in 1855. The publication of the Whitby Chronicle
was commenced in 1856, and was continued to its twenty-eighth
jear by W. H. Higgins. A semi-weekly edition of the Chronicle
was also published, together with the weekly, from March, 1859,
to September, 1860, and dropped after eighteen months' trial.
In 1888 the ofl&ce was purchased by Messrs. J. S. Eobertson
and Brothers, who after an experience of two years, sold out
io the present proprietors, Messrs. Henderson and Graham. Mr.
John Stanton, who entered the Chronicle office in the early part
of the year 1857, is still foreman, having been over thirty years in
ihe same office. The Commonwealth and Reporter were followed by
ihe Ontario Times ^ the Watchman^ the Press — all of which, after
fihort intervals, disappeared, leaving the field to the Chronicle. The
Gazette next took the place of the Chronicle's old rivals. It has
gone through a great and varied number of changes of editors and
proprietors, and has been in the hands of the present publisher,
Mr. Newton, between two and three years. The Vindicator has been
continuously published at Oshawa since 1854., It was established
by Messrs. Luke & Orr. After Mr. Orr's retirement, a quarter
of a century ago, the firm became Luke & Larke. Mr. Luke and
Mr. Larke both retired from the printing business, and sold out
to the present publisher, Mr. Carswell. The Reformer was first
published in 1870 by Mr. W. E. Climie ; and was continued, upon
his retirement, by Messrs. Luke and Larke, who afterwards sold
out to Mr. Mundy, the present proprietor. The Oshawa Journal
was started in Oshawa in 1861 by W. H. Higgins, but was given
up, the Chronicle requiring his undivided attention. The publica-
tion of a paper called the Ncyrth Star was attempted in Brooklin in
1855 ; but there were only a few numbers printed. Some ten years
«,go Mr. James Cuttle gave Brooklin a printing office, and he pub-
lishes a small sheet called the Times. The Pickering News was
266 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
established by W. H. Higgins in 1882, and in 1883 the office waff
sold to the present proprietor, Mr. Ackerman.
In North Ontario the first newspaper attempt was made in 1855
by WilliaBti Hillam, who published the Packet for a couple of years.
In 1857 Mr. James Holden commenced the publication of the
Observer at Prince Albert. Shortly afterwards Mr. Oliver, who had
been Mr. Holden's editor, published the Review at the same place,,
but the latter journal only lasted a short time. Messrs. Baird &
Parsons afterwards purchased the Observer, and removed the plant
to Port Perry, where the Observer still flourishes. Several attempts
were made to publish a newspaper at Uxbridge previous to the
establishment of the Journal and Guardian, but they were all unsuc-
cessful. Mr. Mundy kept the Advocate going for a while, but it had
to succumb for want of support, and the Standard was afterwards
established by him at Port Perry, with better appreciation. A
third paper, the Times, has now been placed at Uxbridge. It has
been brought out as a party organ, and will have to be kept up as
such, or by some other means than those which the legitimate
business of the place affords. Indeed one printing office and one
paper, instead of three, would be all-sufficient to meet the require-
ments of a town of the size of Uxbridge, and afford a printer a
chance of making a decent living. Cannington has had a news-
paper for fifteen or sixteen years. The Gleaner was first published
by Mr. Currie. Beaverton has now its Express, and Sunderland
has, or had for a short time, its newspaper and printing press.
While the usefulness and benefits of the newspaper press are unde-
niable, it is very questionable whether the multiplication of so many
little sheets within such narrow limits can be altogether beneficial^
or indeed serve any good purpose.
CHAPTEB XL.
Mr. Gould urged to enter Parliament, 1854— Candidate for North Ontario— The nomina-
tion — The other candidates— A Tory stronghold —Ogle R. Go wan— The speeches — Mr.
Gould's election address— The vote— Gould elected— Quarrel between Messrs. Gibbar
and Gowan.
MB. GOULD had been long urged by his political friends to allow
himself to be brought forward as a candidate for a seat in
Parliament. When Ontario was erected into a new county, com-
prising two constituencies, he was regarded on all sides as '^ the
coming man " for the representation of the North Biding. On the-
defeat of the Hincks-Morin Government, in June, 1854, and the
dissolution and general election which quickly followed, Mr. Gould
was at once brought prominently into the field to contest the North
Biding in the Beform interest — ^being selected as the standard-
bearer at the party convention.
The nomination took place at Yroomanton, in the township of
Brock, on Monday, July 27, the new sheriff of the county, Mr^
N. G. Beynolds, being the returning officer. The following were
the gentlemen nominated, and the ** show of hands " for each,,
which it was then the practice to take at nominations : —
Allan Macdonald, Toronto, moved by Col. Cameron, and seconded
by John Campbell, of Thorah — show of hands — 5.
John Hall Thompson, Brock, moved by Henry Gorman, seconded
by Wm. Cowan — show of hands — 7-
Archibald George McLean, of Toronto, was also moved by Col.
Cameron, and seconded by Lachlan Davidson, and his show of
hands was 6.
Abraham Farewell, of Harmony, was moved by Bobert Wells^
268 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
ftnd seconded by Aaron Boss, of Beach, and declined the nomin-
ation.
T. N. Gibbs, of Oshawa, moved by George Brabazon, Brock,
seconded by Donald Cameron, Beaverton — show of hands — 8,
Ogle B. Gowan, Toronto, moved by Thomas Bolster, and
seconded by Joseph Johnson, of Uxbridge — show of hands —
<about) 100.
Joseph Gould, of Uxbridge, moved by George Currie, of Prince
Albert, seconded by Joseph Bigelow, of Port Perry — show of hands
—between 80 and 90.
John Ham Perry, of Whitby, and Nathaniel Bolster, of Brock,
were also nominated, but declined, and no show of hands was called
ior them.
The show of hands was declared in favour of Mr. Gowan. A
poll was demanded on behalf of Messrs. Gould, Gibbs, Thompson,
McLean and Macdonald.
The nomination being held in the centre of the Tory stronghold
of Brock was not expected to result otherwise than in favour of the
Tory candidate, Mr. Gowan. The latter declared upon the hustings
ihat he had his choice of seven constituencies open to him, but that
his preferences were given to North Ontario. He desired to be the
first representative of the new constituency. Mr. Gowan was a
leading Orangeman, and as there was a large Orange vote in the
North Biding — the brethren swarming in Brock — he felt very con-
fident of capturing the new constituency. He raised the cry of
^' loyalty," and taunted the Eeformers with being " annexationists "
a,nd "rebels," and these were the main grounds on which he
appealed to the electors for their suffrages. The real questions at
issue — the settlement of the Seignorial Tenure and Clergy Eeserves
— ^he evaded.
In the speeches made by the other candidates and their movers
and seconders the railway question largely entered.
Mr. Gould made a telling speech upon this occasion. After
ELECTION ADDRESS. 269
refuting some charges that had been brought against him, and
which were circulated through anonymous fly-sheets distributed
at the meeting, as to the sale of the county debentures, he turned
the tables on Mr. Gowan by "showing up" the Tories who had
signed the annexation manifesto; referring to their treatment of
Lord Elgin, the Queen's representative, whom they pelted with
rotten eggs, and to \he benefits of Besponsible Government, which
had been secured by those who had been branded as " rebels." He
was able to refer to his own record and services as a County man^
and convinced the electors present that they were listening to a
friend who had their interests at heart.
The polling days were fixed for the 81st July and 1st of August,
and all parties went to work with a will. Meanwhile Mr. Gould
issued the following address : —
To the Independent Electors of the North Riding of the County of
Ontario :
Gentlemen, — ^Having been solicited by a convention of the
Eeformers of this Biding, and also by the principal Eeformers of
the townships of Scott and Brock (those townships not being repre-
sented at the convention], to allow myself to be put in nomination,
at the coming election, I now beg most respectfully to announce
that I shall, in accordance with the wishes of my friends thu&
expressed, offer myself as a candidate for your suffrages to place
me as your representative in Parliament.
Gentlemen, I do not think it necessary for me to enter into any
lengthened explanation of my political views ; I am not a stranger
among you, having lived among you all my life, and having been
most prominently engaged in every political contest for the last
twenty years, and having voted for a professed Beformer at every
election during that time. And also having been a member of our
District and County Council for the last twelve years in succession,
ample opportunity has been afforded for you to form an opinioa
upon my character and stability as a politician.
270 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
<}entlemen, in coming before you as a candidate for your
suflErages, I do not think it necessary to make any great swelling
promises of i^hat I shall do or what I shall not do if elected ; suffice
it to say that I will not support any ministry who will not
introduce a measure for the secularization of the Clergy Beserves
and the abolition of the Bectories.
It may not be out of place for me to hint at a few of the
measures which would meet with my hearty support^ and which I
would wish to see brought before the House, were I a member, viz :
A union of all the Provinces with a local legislature for each, and a
general assembly for the whole; an elective legislative council;
reciprocity, in the fullest sense of the word ; abolition of seignorial
tenure ; abolition of separate and sectional schools ; a fixed day for
Parliamentary elections ; a set time for the meeting of Parliament,
and a thorough investigation into the reported stock-jobbing,
railroad, Point Levis, and Bowes and Hincks jobbing of the
Ministry, with the hope that for the credit of Beformers this may
turn out not a tithe so bad as reported.
Gentlemen, to all local questions affecting the interests of the
Biding I shall pay most particular attention; a resident among
you, with all the interest I have in the world staked on the
prosperity of this county, i^t is quite clear that whatever is your
interest is my interest, and all our interests are mutual; and
therefore in the distribution of the public revenues for the improve-
ment of the country, I shall endeavour to see that this Biding gets
a fair share in proportion to her necessities and the amount to be
distributed. Hoping to see you in your several localities before
the day of polling, where we may exchange views, and come to an ,
understanding with reference to the great questions before, the
country, I have the honour most respectfully to be, gentlemen,
Your obedient servant,
Joseph Gould.
Uxbridge, July 10, 1864.
ELECTION FOR NORTH ONTARIO. * 271
Mr. Gould was elected by exactly one hundred majority over
Mr. Gowan, the other candidates being far away behind. The vote
stood as follows : —
GrOULD. GoWAN. GiBBS. MaODONALD.
Mara and Rama 15 1 5 39
Thorah 24 5 10 55
Uxbridge 124 62
Brock 58 113 98 9
Reach 200 125 34 1
Scott 30 45 3
V ^___^ _««.^ __^__
Total 451 ' 351 150 104
The hollow defeat of Mr. Gibbs in this election was Mr. Gould's
complete triumph as a County man. They had taken different
sides in county matters, Mr. Gould's course was approved, while
ihat of Mr. Gibbs was condemned. The defeat of Mr. Gowan was
a great triumph for Reform principles. He was an astute poli-
tician ; had already sat in Parliament ; was an Orange leader, and
had all the Orange support of the Riding at his back. Mr.
Macdonald, who was a Scotch Catholic, had detached from Mr.
<TOuld the votes of the Catholic Liberals of the Riding, and this, it
was expected, would make the seat certain for the Tory candidate.
But the intriguers had reckoned without their host. Mr. Gould
worked hard ; his past election experience stood him in good ser-
vice; he held meetings and organized, and triumphed over all oppo-
sition, and all the influences brought to bear against him inside
and outside the county.
The Whitby Reporter, speaking of the result, in the next issue
of that paper after the contest, said : —
" The North Riding has redeemed the character of the county
of Ontario in the triumphant returii of Joseph Gould, Esq., a well-
tried and independent Reformer.
" In the election of Mr. Gould for the North Riding of Ontario,
we have every reason to feel the same confidence in his integrity as
272 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH QOULD.
a supporter of the pure principles of Beform that we did in his
advocacy of county interests. His firmness in the Provisional
Council, when surrounded by the persuasions and intimidations of
a selfish clique, and when the least wavering would have been fatal
to the many advantages now enjoyed by the people of this county,
gives a guarantee for' his conduct in the House when surrounded by
more powerful influences."
Of Mr. Gowan, the same paper said : —
" It will be seen that Mr. Gowan made an unhappy choice in
the seven ridings that invited him."
And of Mr. Gibbs : —
" Poor Gibbs ! He went out to ask the people of the north for
their sweet voices, and they gave him their boot-taps ;" — was what
was said.
The Oshawa Freeman was scarcely any more consoling in what
it had to say of Mr. Gibbs's defeat. ** It is surprising," says the
editor of that sheet, " that Gowan should run so much better than
Gibbs in a riding where it had been supposed Mr. Gibbs was one of
the most popular men."
The writer had forgotten that the imdivided Orange vote went
for the Orange leader.
Mr. Gibbs fared badly with both parties. He was abused in the
Patriot as having been the cause of the Conservative defeat. And
on the day of declaration of the result of the poll, Mr. Gowan was
unsparing in his denunciations and his charges against the
gentleman from Oshawa. He charged Mr. Gibbs with writing a
letter to Mr. Thompson, a Eeformer, offering to resign in his favour
as " they held similar views on the questions of the day," while he,
at the same time, wrote him (Mr. Gowan) another letter asking
him to retire, as they were both in the same interest !
CHAPTER XLI.
Keform measures passed — A contrast-^Differences with Macken^ — Mr. Gould votes for
measures, not men— Asserts his independence— A " tong^ue-thraahing ** from Mac-
kenzie, and a retort — Mr. John Lumsden — His election for South Ontario — ^The
vote — Meeting of Parliament at Quebec, September, 1854 — Hincks beaten— The
MacNab Coalition — Mr, Gould's votes— Approval of his constituents— The Clergy
Reserves Bill— Mr. J. W. Gamble's amendment — Mr. Gould speaks — His position
defined— Settlement of the Clergy Reserves and Seignorial Tenure Bills — Sir Edmund
Head's reference to the settlement.
ALL the reforms advocated by Mr. Gould have long since been
conceded. He saw the Seignorial Tenure question settled;
the Clergy Beserves secularized, and the Bectories abolished, and
had the privilege of recording his vote in Parliament in favour of
the settlement of these important measures. He also gave his
support to the bill abolishing the old detested system of Orown-
appointed Legislative Councillors, and witnessed the election of
men who were the free choice of the people to the Upper Chamber.
What a gratifying change this must have been to the man whose
first introduction to the same chamber was as a closely-guarded
prisoner, and an alleged ''rebel" at that ! And what feelings must
there have been awakened in his breast on meeting within the walls
of Parliament the arch-rebel, William Lyon Mackenzie, on whose
h^ad a reward of $4,000 had been placed, now also a representative
of the people ! What memories must have crowded on both men
since they met at Montgomery's on the memorable 6th of Decem-
ber, 1837 ! and since that night at Stouffville, just before the
** rising," when Mr. Gould objected to a resort to arms, and was
taunted as a ''coward " because of his pacific views !
While still an ardent admirer of Mackenzie, and entertaining
274 THE'LIFj: ANB TIMES OF JOSEPH QOULD.
for hitQ the kindliest personal ieeilmg&,Mx. Gould did not take sides
with him on entering Farliam^it. Mr. Gould wished to see the
reform measures to which he stood pledged passed by the Hincks-
Morin Government, and was one of the nineteen reformers who
gave their vote to sustain the Government for that purpose. Mr.
Mackenzie and Mr. George Brown, too, voted with the Tories in
order to defeat the Government. They preferred the settlement of
the Seignorial Tenure and Clergy Beserves and other burning
questions by a Tory Government, with Tories such as Sir Allan
MacNab at its head. Mr. Gould desired the settlement of those
questions by a professed Beform Government, and asserted his own
independence, although reproached by Mr. Mackenzie with incon-
sistency. Indeed the inconsistency appeared to be the other way.
And Mr. Gould, retorting on Mackenzie, did not fail to tell him so.
The little episode in the House is referred to by Mr. Gould in
the following manner : —
"He [Mackenzie] reproached me with inconsistency in sup-
porting Hincks and Morin with about nineteen Beformers to secu-
larize the Clergy Beserves and to abolish the Seignorial Tenure
in Lower Canada and get reciprocity and an elective Legislative
Council, after he. Brown, and the Tories, all of Upper Canada, had
carried a vote of want of confidence while those measures were
pending, and had got a pledge from Sir Allan MacNab and his
friends that they would carry them through if we supported them.
For this Mackenzie gave me a tongue-thrashing in the House. I
told him that he had always been an impractical man whose
hand was against every man, right or wrong, that would oppose
him, and I should not be afraid to warrant that if he should have
the forming of his own Administration, and select such men as
were capable of carrying on a government, he would find a majority
against him in less than a month's time."
Mr. John M. Lumsden was returned for the South Biding of
Ontario at the same ^general election. He was of Conservative
DEFEAT OF THE HINCKS-MORIN MINISTRY* ' 276
antecedents, but professed Beform principles daring the canvass
and on the hustings, and declared himself a secularizationist to the
fullest extent. Mr. Abraham Farewell was his opponent. The vote
stood: —
LuMSDBN. Farewell.
Oshawa * 61 22
Pickering : 271 137
Whitby 216 323
Total 547 482 ,
Majority for Lumsden — 65.
Parliament met, in the ancient capital of Quebec, on 6th Sep-
tember, 1854. The Government was beaten on the Address, and
Mr. Hincks was forced to resign. Sir Allan MacNab was sent for
by the Governor-General, Lord Elgin, to form a Cabinet, which^
resulted in the formation of a Coalition Government. The -Lower
Canada section of the Hincks-Morin Ministry — Messrs. Morin^
Tach6, Chabot, Drummond, Chauveau and Dunbar Eoss retained
their places. Sir Allan MitcNab, Wm. Cayley, Jno. A. Macdonald,
Henry Smith, Eobert Spence and John Eoss composed the Upper
Canada section of the Cabinet.. Messrs. Eoss and Spence were given
portfolios as representing the Eeformers of the Upper Province.
Some fault was found with Mr. Gould for voting with the Hincks-
Morin Government. What else could he do, and be consistent?
The Government had promised to secularize the Clergy Eeserves
and pass the other reform measures advocated by Eeformers. It is
therefore diflScult to see how Mr. Gould's conduct could be open to
censure for the course taken by him. Other well-tried Eeformers,
older in Parliamentary experience than Mr. Gould, voted at the
same side. It was simply a question of who were best deserving of
Eeform support — the Eeformers in power, pledged to Eeform
measures, or the Tories who would take their places if Hincks were
turned out. Mr. Gould and others believed it best to trust the men
of their own party. Mr. Mackenzie and Mr. Brown thought other-
276 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
•wise, and voted with the Tories. The inconsistency in this case, on
the face of the record, was certainly not chargeable to the side
espoused by Mr. Gould. His constituents appeared to be of this
opinion, for we find that at a meeting of the Beformers of North
Ontario, held at Uxbridge on the 80th of September, the following
resolutions were passed : —
"Moved by James K. Vernon, Esq., of the township, of Scott,
and seconded by William Smitl^, Esq., of Uxbridge, and
*' Resolved: That the course pursued by Joseph Gould, Esq., in
Provincial Parliament meets with our approbation, and that it is
the wish of this meeting that he will use his influence to secure
those measures that the country has so unequivocally expressed, a
wish to obtain, and that he will give his support to any Ministry
that will bring forward and support those measures."
" Moved by Joseph Bigelow, Esq., of the township of Beach,
and seconded by Jonathan Moredan, Esq., of Uxbridge: That we
exceedingly regret the factious opposition against the late Ministry
by certain Beform members, thereby placing in jeopardy those
measures that the country most requires.
"BiCHARD Lund, Chairman.
" BoBERT Spears, Secretary.''
The strength of the Coalition Government was proved by the
vote on the Address in reply to the speech from the Throne. It was
carried by a vote of 70 to 83. Mr. Gould voted with the majority,
and for the same reasons that he had supported Hincks. The
Coalition stood pledged to carry out the Beform measures of their
predecessors. In the Address the word " adjustment " appeared
instead of ** secularization," as applied to the Clergy Beserves. Mr.
Hartman moved an amendment to substitute the latter word for the
former. Mr. Gould was blamed by some of his friends for voting
against this amendment. But he was after the substantial measure
itself, and it was a matter of perfect indifference to him the mere
form of words in which it was promised. In this he had the
HIS VOTES. 277
approval of his constituents, who hJEui expressed themselves as dis-
countenancing factiousness, and what was no better than a mere
piece of clap-trap. Mr. Gould, as was his habit, took a common-
sense view of matters, and acted straightforwardly and above-board.
The Clergy Beserves Bill was introduced according to promise
by the Ministry, and on the 25th of October carried to a second
reading. Mr. J. W. Gamble, member for West York, moved an
amendment to the effect that the secularization of the Olergy
Eeserves would be a violation of the public faith. The amendment
was defeated by a vote of 98 to 12.
Mr. Lumsden, the member for the South Riding, of whose sound-
ness upon the Clergy Beserves question there was some doubt,
voted with Mr. Gould on this occasion, at the side of the majority,
and gave mortal offence to his Tory friends in Whitby and Pickering
by so doing.
Mr. Gould took part in the debate, and was active in opposing an
amendment of Mr. Dorion, of Montreal, proposing to merge the
funds remaining, after providing for the stipends of the present
incumbents, into the consolidated revenue. Mr. Gould contended
that the municipalities of Upper Canada alone were entitled to share
in this fund, and that it would on every ground be most unfair to
the people of the Upper Province to permit the municipalities of
Lower Canada to participate in it. He wanted a good plan of
secularization, come from what quarter it might, and he, together
with the eighteen other Reformers from the western Province who
voted for the Bill, accepted the measure of the Coalition Govern-
ment as the best settlement that could be obtained of the vexed
question. ' He was actuated by similar motives when, joining with
the same prominent Beformers, he voted in favour of the Seignorial
Tenure and Elective Legislative Council Bills of the Government.
The latter bill was rejected by the Legislative Council. Mr. Gould
pursued a course that wQiS at once reasonable and patriotic, and
the prudence and sound policy that dictated his votes have since
278 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
been abundantly justified. The settlement of the Seignorial Tenure
and Clergy Beserves, which in their tendencies and results so deeply
affected the political, civil and religious interests of the country,
was an event of the highest importance. The questions had been
fruitful of years of fierce agitation, and had greatly retarded the
progress of the country. With their settlement a season of peace
and quiet had been secured, and the material and social interests
of the country advanced in an important degree. The words of the
Governor-General, Sir Edmund Head, in proroguing Parliament in
June, 1855, may well be recalled as the best vindication — if any
were necessary — of the vote of Mr. Gould. Said the Governor : —
** An Act assented to by my predecessor has finally settled the
long-pending dispute of the Clergy Beserves, and it has done so in
such a manner as to vindicate liberal principles, whilst it .treats the
rights of individuals with just and considerate regard. The same
may, I trust, be said of another important law — the Act for the
abolition of the Seignorial Tenure. Great changes cannot be made
without some hardship, but Canada will appear in history as the
only country in Jthe world in which the feudal system has expired
without violence and revolution."
CHAPTER XLII.
Kepreaentation by PopulAtion, Mr. Gould battles for — Advocates Confederation in 1854 —
The true remedy for Upper Canadian grievances— Meeting of Parliament at Toronto,
February, 1856— The Seat of Grovernment question — Mr. Gould's course — Motions
moved by him— Ministerial changes — Votes non-confidence— His seat attacked — A
Committee appointed — Beport in favour of Mr. Gould — Spirited action of the Legis-
lative Council — Elective Legislative Councillors — Queen's Division— The candidates —
Meetings and speeches— Activity of Mr. Gould— Mr. Simpson elected.
AFTEB the settlement of the Clergy Eeserves and Seignorial
Tenure, the subject of [Representation by Population began to
be discussed. Mr. Gould was amongst the prominent Beformers
who early favoured the principle and continued the^ battle until the
fight was won by Confederation. In his address to the electors of
North Ontario, issued 10th July, 1854, and in his enumeration of the
reforms which he would like to see take place, he says : *' I should
wish to see brought before the House, were I member — A union
of all the Provinces with a local legislature for each and a general
assembly for the wholes Just the remedy that was adopted after
thirteen years of political agitation. Mr. Gould saw, in advance of
most of his contemporaries, the true remedy for the existing system,
under which it was complained that Upper Canada was bearing so
much larger a proportion of the public burdens than Lower Canada.
He was one of the earliest Canadian politicians who placed himself
on record on the subject, and he lived to see the principle, which he
first mooted in 1854, carried out into the great and comprehensive
measure resulting in the Dominion of Canada — Canadian Con-
federation.
At the next session of Parliament, which opened on the 15th
280 THE LIFE AND TDfElS OF JOSEPH QOULD.
February, 1856, and which under the alternating system was held
in Toronto, the subject of a permanent seat of Government came up
for discussion.
Mr. Gould was not opposed to the principle of a permanent
seat of Government; but the subject was brought up in the
House in such a way, by amendments and amendments to amend-
ments, that the abstract principle was lost sight of. The aim of
each of the movers was to secure a vote in favour of the loca-
tion in Montreal, Quebec, Kingston, Ottawa, etc. It was well
understood that Upper Canada would never submit to have the seat
of Government in Lower Canada, so long as representation was not
based upon population. The union of the two Provinces at the
time was indeed regarded as a doubtful experiment, and it was
under these circumstances that we find Mr. Gould declaring, in a
speech on the question, in favour of the alternate system. What he
said was — " Unless there was to be a permanent union, it would
not be expedient to change the present system of alternating
Parliaments in the respective Provinces." He voted against the
motion placing the seat of Government at Quebec, and against the
appropriation for new buildings.
During this session Mr. Gould introduced the bill incorporating
the Whitby and Lake Huron Bailway Company. He also moved for
a return of all the timber berths assigned to individuals on the waters '
flowing into Lakes Huron and Superior, and for copies of the con-
tract entered into by the Government for the sale of the Whitby
Harbour, and relative to the Narrows Bridge and the public roads
of the county of Ontario.
The Ministerial changes during the session excited much more
than the ordinary interest caused by such occasions. Sir Allan
MacNab, Hon. John Boss and Mr. Drummond were driven out of
the Cabinet, their places being taken by Col. (afterwards Sir E. P.)
Tache and M. (afterwards Sir George) Cartier, Mr. John A. (now
Sir John) Macdonald taking Sir Allan MacNab's place as Attorney-
A "constitutional" victory. 281
General West, and Mr. Yankonghnet as President of the Council
in the new coalition. Mr. Gould was no friend of coalitions. After
the fall of the Hincks-Morin Beform Government, he voted with
their coalition successors for the sake of carrying the Seignorial
Tenure and Clergy Beserves Bills, to which they stood pledged^
Farther than that, neither his .sympathies nor support extended.
He was one of the fifty-four members who voted for Mr. Dorion's-
non-confidence motion against the coalition and new arrangement.
It was during this session that the petition against Mr. Gould*s-
right to the seat was disposed of. A petty contract had been taken
in his name for carrying the mails some few miles on a mail route.
Mr. Gould permitted the use of his name in order to secure to the
people of the locality the convenience. He had no personal interest
in the matter. But Sir John Macdonald sought to punish him
because he opposed the Coalition. The. petition prayed that the
seat be declared vacant, and a select committee of the House was
appointed to investigate the frivolous allegation. The report of
the committee, which was presented by Sir Allan MacNab, found
that there was no disqualification; that the Post Office Act*
imposed disqualification upon certain contractors, but not on con-
tractors for carrying the mails. The seat was declared not vacated.
This was Mr. Gould's first "constitutional" victory over Sir John.
The session was a memorable one in many ways, but especially
by the unexpectedly spirited action of the Legislative Council,,
which, by a vote of twelve to nine, defeated the action of the As-
sembly in refusing to vote the appropriation of £50,000 in the
Supply Bill for erecting Parliament buildings at Quebec. Thus
was the seat of government question staved off for another session.
Under the Elective Legislative Council Act, passed the previous
session of Parliament, the Electoral Division of Queen's included
the North Biding of Ontario, the West Biding of Durham and the
county of Victoria. On the 19th of August, 1854, a meeting was
held at Manchester for the purpose of selecting a candidate in
282 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JCN3EPH GOULD.
tiie Beform interest to represisnt the division. The calling of the
meeting originated with Mr. Gould, who was desirous of securing
unanimity ampngst Beformers, and uniting the party upon one
man. The meeting was very largely attended, and there was a
good deal of speech-making. The names submitted to the meeting
were John Simpson (afterwards Senator), of Bowmanville, and
Thomas i^axton, of Port Perry (afterwards M.PP., and late Sheriff
of the county of Ontario). The appearance of the latter gentleman
as a candidate was a surprise to Mr. Gould, who had already com-
mitted himself to Mr. Simpson's interest, and upon whom he wished
all the Beformers of the division to unite. He addressed the meet-
ing at some length with this object. The meeting resulted in the
appointment of a committee for each candidate, who were to try
io come to some arrangement. The committee met in the evening,
but were unable to come to any definite understanding ; they had
agreed to leave it to three members of the Assembly to decide which
would be the best candidate to put in nomination in the Beform
interest. The names of Messrs. Mackenzie and Hartman were
figreed to by both parties. Mr. Paxton's friends insisted upon Mr.
J. S. Smith being the third name; and this being rejected by Mr.
Simpson's friends, both parties separated without being able to
arrive at a settlement. At the nomination held afterwards both
^gentlemen were nominated in the Beform interest, and Mr. H. J.
Buttan, of Cobourg, in the Conservative interest. Through the
interference of mutual friends, and especially by the good manage-
ment of Mr. Gould, Mr. Paxton was induced to retire in favour of
Mr. Simpson, who was elected by a large majority over Mr. Buttan.
CHAPTEE XLIII.
SesBion of February, 1867— Seat of Government question— Lengthy debate— Referred to
the Queen— Mr. Gould's vote— His Parliamentary work— Dissolution — General elec-
tion — Mr. Gould again nominated for North Ontario — His address to the electors —
Mr. Ogle K. Gowan again his opponent — Interesting proceedings at the nomination —
Mr. Gould's speech— His anti-Catholic sentiments misrepresented— The true account
of what took place—Explanations — Mp. Gould re-elected— The ** Moderates "—The
" Grits "—The * * Baldwin Reformers "—The Coalitionists.
AT the next session of Parliament, which opened at Toronto, on
26th February, 1857, the Seat of Government question was one
of the first mooted. After a fqur-days and nights' discussion, a
Government resolution, moved by Attorney-General (Sir John)
Macdonald, referring the location to Her Majesty the Queen was
carried. The vote stood 68 to 68. Mr. Gould voted with the
minority.
Mr. Gould introduced and carried through a bill to confirm
certain by-laws of the late Home District Council establishing
certain roads in the county of Ontario. He voted steadily with the
Opposition during the session, and spoke vigorously against the
Grand Trunk Aid Bill and other Government measures, which he
believed to be dictated by corrupt motives, or which he feared would
have an injurious effect upon the interests of the Province. He
made a strong and successful fight for the amended charter of the
Whitby and Lake Huron Bailway, which had been applied for this
session, and which was strenuously opposed by members in the
interest of the Port Hope, Lindsay and Beaverton Bailway Company.
A dissolution of Parliament and an appeal to the electors
followed the reconstruction of the Macdonald-Cartier Ministry in
284 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
November, 1857. The Beformers of the North Biding held a con-
vention, and again nominated Mr. Gould. The nomination took
place on the 2l8t, and the polling on the 28th December. Mr»
Gould issued an address in which he placed himself on record on
the questions then forced to the front in Canadian politics. He
declared himself in favour of immediate representation based on
population, without reference to a dividing line between Upper and
Lower Canada ; retrenchment in every department of the Govern-
ment; annexation of the Hudson Bay territory; no grant of public
money for Separate Schools or sectarian purposes; no appro-
priation of the public moneys without the consent of Parliament,
and finally, he declared his hostility to the newly formed Coalition
Government. The nomination was held at the old place, Yroo-
manton, in Brock. The candidates nominated were Mr. Gould and
his old opponent, Mr. Ogle B. Gowan. A few of the recognized poli-
tical speechmakers upon such occasions were also nominated, so as
to give them a chance to exercise their calling. They harangued
the meeting until dark, when the show of hands was taken, and
was largely in favour of Mr. Gowan — this point being, as has been
heretofore mentioned, the centre of his Orange stronghold.
Mr. Gould commenced his address by explaining that he had
supported the Hincks-Morin Administration, because they had
pledged themselves to settle the Clergy Beserves question and to
give their aid to the settlement of the other reforms then demanded.
He also, he said, voted with the MacNab Coalition Government for
the same reason, and because if the Clergy Beserves were not then
secularized, the measure was likely to be deferred for long years.
He disapproved of the commutation clause, but accepted the
measure as it was, on the principle that half a loaf was better than
no bread. He was in favour of representation by population, irre-
spective of a dividing line, because it was the only means of pro-
tecting Upper Canada, so long as the union continued in its present
shape. He was opposed to Separate schools and to all kinds of
SPEECH ON THE HUSTINGS— RE-ELECTED. 285
sectarian legislation, because he was honestly convinced that they
worked injuriously to the whole people. He was in favour of the
jouth of all sects and creeds receiving instruction together, without
in any way interfering with their religious views or feelings. He
was opposed to all ecclesiastical corporations, whether Protestant or
Catholic, and to the giving them power to hold property. He was
opposed to the incorporation of religious establishments, such as
<)onvents, just as he was opposed to the incorporation 6( Orange-
men. He did not believe in ladies being confined in nunneries, and
ihoright on the contrary that woman had a higher, holier and more
useful sphere as a wife and mother than being buried in such
institutions.
Here Mr. Gowan interjected that he '^ had a great respect and
admiration for the good work done by the ladies of those convents.*'
'"Oh, you have!" replied Mr. Gould; "and yet your Orange sup-
porters speak of them as disrepectfully as they would of common
houses of ill-fame. I am different from that." At this point there
were expressions of dissent and a good deal of confusion. Mr.
Oould resumed his speech, blaming the Government for not settling
ihe question of the Seat of Government and referring to the railway
project then before the county. He. concluded by replying to the
•charges of "rebel" and "atheist" that had been hurled against him
in this contest. He defended the part which he took in the rising of
1887 ; and as to his being an atheist, there could be no foundation
for the charge. He professed himself a very humble follower of the
Lord Jesus Christ. He was brought up a Quaker, and he believed
in the tenets held by that body of Christians, and in the efficacy of
the blood of the Saviour for the redemption of all mankind.
Mr. Gould was re-elected by a majority of 210.
During this election contest, the name of "Moderates" was
iaken by the Government supporters, out of deference to those
Eeformers who joined hands with the Conservatives in supporting the
Coalition. It was, however, dropped after the next campaign, and
286
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
the good old names of Tory and Conservative resumed. It was
after the defeat of the Hincks-Morin Administration that the term
Clear Grit was first generally applied to the Beform followers of
Mr. George Brown, in contradistinction to those who called them-
selves ** Baldwin " Eeformers, ' or Eeformers who supported' the
Coalition, or the "Moderate Party," as they were designated by
the Leader newspaper of that day. The "Grit" was the Canadian
Badical in contradistinction to the Canadian Reformer.
CHAPTEE XLIV.
EfiFects of the injurious accusation against Mr. Gould— Mutual explanations— Ample repa*
ration— Letter of Rev. Father Brayere— South Ontario, 1867— First election of Hon.'
6liver Mowat to parliament— Hon. J. C. Morrison his opponent— Origin of the term,
"Christian Politician " —The appellation justified— Votes with Mr. Mowat— And
lives to see his son supporting him as Premier in the Legislature of Ontario— Hon.
Mr. Mowat's supporters— James Dryden— His son, John Dryden, M.PP.— General
election, July, 1861— Defeated— *' Orange and Green" influences— His work in sub-
sequent contests — His labours in other directions : Educational, agricultural, com-
mercial—In private life.
ME. GOULD'S speech on the hustings at Vroomanton in refer-
ence to ecclesiastical corporations and convents, and especially
the latter, was for a time much misrepresented in order to serve
party ends. He was held up to Eoman Catholics as a calumniator of
their religious institutions ; and to give force to the charge, he was
accused as using for himself, and as his own opinion, the language
towards convents which he simply attributed to Orangemen as the
sentiments which they held towards those institutions. The repe-
tition of the charge had the* effect of detaching the Boman Catholic
vote in the riding from Mr. Gould at the next election, as well as to
cast unjust odium upon him for bigoted opinions which he never
held. ' Mutual explanations were subsequently madie by Mr. Gould
and the reporter of the proceedings at the nomination (who was
none other than the author), in which Mr. Gould was completely
exonerated, and which were entirely satisfactory to the Catholic
people. And this was made known in a letter written by the
Catholic priest of Brock, Eev. Father Brayere; but not till after
the election of 1861, in which Mr. Gould was defeated.
The South Biding followed the example of the North Biding in
288 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
sending a thorough Eeform representative to Parliament at the
general election of 1867. The gentleman elected has since left his
impress upon Canadian politics and has largely influenced the legis-
lation of the country.
Mr. Oliver Mowat, then a barrister at the head of the Chancery
bar, and now Attorney-General, and the distinguished statesman
and popular Premier of Ontario, won his first seat in Parliament
at the general election of 1857. He was elected for the South
Eiding of Ontario — defeating Hon. J. C. Morrison (the* recently
deceased and lamented judge, and then a member of the Coalition
Cabinet) by a large majority. It was during this election contest
that the term '^ Christian Politician" was first, and has been since
applied by way of derision to Mr. Mowat by his opponents. In
his address to the electors, Mr. Mowat made use of the following
words :—
**But I may say generally that, if elected y my desire is to perform
my duty in Parliament in the spirit and with the views which became
a Christian politician.**
Mr. Mowat may well look back with pride to this his first utter-
ance on entering political life. Some of his opponents, who then
sneered and scoffed and called it '' political cant," have long since
been numbered amongst his most ardent supporters. He has,
through many trials, proved himself true to the performance of
duty '' in the spirit and with the views which become a Christian
politician." And the whole of his blameless private and useful
public life has served to convince the people of Canada that it is
possible to be a true Christian gentleman and at the same time a
politician faithful to public duty. The death of Addison, the cele-
brated Secretary of State for England — but far more celebrated by
the excellence of his writings and the purity of his life — was pointed
to with admiration as showing how a Christian could die. Mr.
Mowat's life can be instanced as showing how a Christian statesman
ought to live, and no nobler epitaph could be placed upon the monu-
HON. MR. MOWAT's SUPPORTERS. 289
ment which Canada is certain to raise to his memory, thau the
words ** Christian Politician" — exemplified in his life and labours.
Mr. Gould invariably voted with Mr. Mowat, from the time^the
latter entered Parliament, in/avour of Liberal principles. And, at
the close of his life, he had the great gratification (which he declared
he prized much more than all his own successes in political life), of
seeing his old constituency of North Ontario transfer the confidence
they once placed in himself to his son Isaac, and elect him as their
representative to support his father's old friend, Mr. Mowat, in the
Legislature of the Province. He lived to see the stigma of bigotry
and intolerance wiped out from his name, and the Catholic electors
of North Ontario amopgst the strongest supporters of his son.
Mr. James Dryden, who was Reeve of the township of Whitby
at the time of Mr. Mowat's first candidature, was also one of his
most ardent supporters. And now his son, Mr. John Dryden, the
sitting member in the Provincial Legislature for Mr. Mowat's old
constituency of South Ontario, follows in his honoured father's
footsteps in supporting the Premier of Ontario. To have succeded,
through all the political and party changes which thirty years
have brought about in retaining the confidence of influential County
families, from father to son, in this way, is perhaps the highest testi-
mony that could be adduced to the Provincial Premier's popularity.
On his third appeal to the electors of North* Ontario, in July,
1861, Mr. Gould was defeated by a majority of ninety-nine, his
opponent being the late Chief Justice Sir Matthew Cameron, then
one of the foremost men at the bar, and popularly known as ''Mat"
Cameron. There was a very heavy vote polled, the figures being
Cameron, 1,102; Gould, 1,003. Mr. Gould made a gallant struggle.
But there was a most influential and well-organized combination
against him, and his friends were overborne by the united forces of
** Orange and Green." The Orangemen embraced the opportunity
to ''pay him off" for his votes against their incorporation bill, and
in favour of Mr. Foley's resolution to prevent the appointment of
290 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
Orange Grown prosecutors ; and the Catholics desired to avenge the
insult which it was erroneously believed had been offered to their
religion by Mr. Gould.
In the subsequent political contests in the Biding Mr. Gould did
not wish to have his own name submitted as a candidate. But he
helped with all his might to fight the battles all the same, and
supported with all the weight of his influence the standard-bearer
of the Liberal Party. Nor were his exertions confined to North or
South Ontario. He took a prominent part in the Legislative
Council elections, both of King's and Queen's divisions, and aided
largely in bringing about the victories gained in those divisions by
the successful Beform candidates. , As president of the Beform
Association of North Ontario, which office he held for the quai-ter
of a century preceding his decease, he did much in maintaining
, party organization. His great services in this position were
repeatedly recognized by complimentary resolutions and addresses.
Mr. Gould's efforts were not confined to political and municipal
affairs. Education, the town schools, the agricultural societies,
and all commercial enterprises connected with his own immediate
locality,' as well as the county at large, received every encourage-
nent and assistance at his hands. His usefulness was widespread,
and was felt everywhere both in public and in private.
Although Mr.' Gould was sometimes regarded as a hard man at
a bargain, and as being over-sharp in his business dealings, he had
in private life performed innumerable acts of kindness of which
the world knew nothing. Instances are related by Mr. Joseph
Dickey, Inspector of Division Courts, and who for many years
transacted Mr. Gould's confidential business, which place his
character in a most favourable light in this respect. More than
one farmer in the county, we are assured, owes the possession of
his farm to-day to Mr. Gould's timely help. Towards his brothers
and their families he has all his life acted a fraternal and kindly
part ; and indeed in every other respect, and in every relation of
life, he has acted the part of a good citizen.
CHAPTEE XLV.
A lucky venture — Death — Children — His will— Bequests — Disposition of property —
Uxbridge Mechanics* Institute— "The Gould Relief Fund "—Donations to churches
—Interest in the cause of Education— Disposition of property amongst the children-
Isaac J. Gould, M.PP.— Gould Brothers— Electric light introduced— Family gather-
ings — Pleasing character — Conclusion.
ONE of Mr. Gould's lucky speculations was the purchase of the
Hamilton property in 1856. It comprised about 300 acres —
the east half of lot 31 in the 6th concession and the whole of lot
82 — less perhaps twenty acres sold for village lots. The purchase
money was $19,000, and was considered at the time an exorbitant
price. But the man of shrewdness and foresight saw much farther
ahead of him than did his neighbours. Inside of two years of the
purchase, he sold the tnill-site to Mr. Edward Wheler, of Stouflfville,
fbr $11,000 ; and in one day a sale of town lots made by him
produced over $10,000. The total salep of lots fell short of thirty
acres. So that, making allowance for the twenty acres already
sold, he had 250 acres left, free and clear, and the whole of the
purchase money paid, and $2,000 over, from this bold and lucky
venture.
At his death, on the 29th June, 1886, Mr. Gould left surviving
him his widow, then, aged seventy. The following are the children
of the marriage : —
1, Isaac James Gould, of Gouldville, born 13th November, 1839;
M.PP. for North Ontario; head of the firm of Isaac J. Gould &
Bros., bankers, etc., Uxbridge. First elected to Parliament, 1888 ;
i^as also Warden of the county of Ontario, and for several years
Eeeve of the municipality of Uxbridge. Married, 28rd September.
292 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
1862, Bebecca Chapman, daughter' of Ira Chapman, Esq., of Ux-
bridge. Has issue two sons and five .daughters living. The eldest
son, Joseph Walter, born 27th May, 1863, engaged in business with
his father and^uncles.
2. Joseph E. Gould, born 2nd July, 1841; engaged largely in
lumbering operations and as sawmill owner. Married in 1864
Elizabeth Sterling, daughter of ex-Alderman Sterling, of Toronto.
Has issue four daughters and one son.
8. Charles Gould, bom 15th April, 1848; of the firm of Gould
Bros., mill owners, etc. Has been for several years Eeeve of the
municipality, and was elected Warden of the county of Ontario
in 1886. 'Married, first. Miss Vernon, daughter of Silas Vernon;
secondly. Miss Annie Smith, of Scott, by whom he has issue.
4. Bachel Goul4, bom 27th February, 1845. (Died young.)
5 and 6. Twins — Mary and Sarah. Mary married H. A.
Crosby, Esq., of Uxbridge, and Sarah is the wife of Thomas Watt,
Esq., of Brantford ; both have large families.
7. Elizabeth, wife of Eev. Edward Cockbum, M.A., Presbyterian
minister, of Uxbridge. Has issue.
8. Jonathan Gould, born 20th May, 1852; farmer; Deputy-
Eeeve of the township of Markham. Married Miss Plank, daughter
of Bartholomew Plank, Esq., and has issue.
9. Euth Alma, born 27th October, 1854 — ^the date of the battle
of Alma, from whence the second name. Married Mr. Thomas
Dale, farmer, etc., and has no issue.
10. Harvey James Gould, born 1st May, 1857; of the firm of
'Gould Bros« Married Martha, daughter of the late George Sharpe,
lEsq., and has issue.
11. Annie, born Brd October, 1860; died young.
By his will, dated 15th June, 1886, after bestowing some small
legacies upon members of his brothers' families, the bulk of his
estate is vested in his executors for the purpose of carrying into
effect the trusts therein mentioned. Amongst other bequests there
BEQUESTS AND BENEFACTIONS. 293
is one for the purpose of building a Mechanics' Institute (now being
erected), at a cost of $4,500, for the benefit of the town of Uxbridge.
This building is to be put up according to plans prepared and ap-
proved of by him previous to his death.
. Another bequest to the town of Uxbridge is a sum of $2,500,
which is devised by him to the Mayor and Corporation. This sum
is to be invested by the Mayor and Council, and is to be kept
invested by their successors in office, and the interest to be applied
annually for the relief of the poor of the town. He is moved to
making this bequest, he says, /'as I feel satisfied that a large
number of families have suffered, on account of the use of intoxi-
cating liquors obtained at the Mansion House hotel, of which I am
(ihe owner." And he directs that, in appropriating the proceeds to
the destitute persons residing in the town, the cases of those so
rendered poor and destitute through the evils of intemperance have
especial consideration. The fund is to be known as ** The Gould
Belief Fund."
Mr. Gould was a firm upholder of temperance principles, al-
though his infirmities late in life prevented him from being a total
abstainer, as he was obliged to use liquors in small quantities
medicinally.
In his contributions for religious purposes he set a good ex-
ample to others. He always gave liberally for church building
purposes, and he gave to all without any exception. He felt this
to be a public duty, and gave large help towards the erection of
evpry church edifice in the town, Eoman Catholic as well as
Protestant.
Mr. Gould's interest in the cause of education has been already
referred to, but scarcely with that adequacy and fulness which hi&
well-directed labours deserve. He was one of the first and most
earnest advocates of free schools; and this, notwithstanding hia
already large school assessment was trebled by his action. He
also took strong grounds in favour of compulsory education. He
294 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
never forgot the want of educational facilities of his boyhood, and
was most zealous in insisting that every child was entitled to free
education at the public schools. But, whilst taking this position,
and whilst an ardent admirer of our School system, he had a
great contempt for what he called "cramming" and. the ** higher
branches." He deplored the valuable time wasted by persons in
getting what was considered an advanced education, that was not
likely to be of any practical use to them in after life. He did not
believe that it was necessary for a man, in order to be a good
farmer, that he should spend years in acquiring a smattering of
Greek and Latin. He was a great stickler for devoting more atten-
tion to the teaching of practical book-keeping in the Public Schools,
9,nd worked strenuously to this end on the School Board, of which
he was chairman for more than twenty years. In fact, so stlfongly
did he feel on this point, and so much reason did he see for finding
fault with the slurring system in vogue, that he had in contem-
plation the endowing of a Chair in the Uxbridge School, so as
to make the teaching of book-keeping a- specialty. The changes
'^hich he desired to see take place in respect to the subjects of
book-keeping and elocution were afterwards introduced, and the
money which might have gone to found a Chair was devoted to the
Mechanics* Institute. For his o\m children Mr. Gould did his best
in this direction; and the efficient discharge of the duties of the
public positions which his sons have been called upon to fill proves
that they have not neglected their opportunities.
In the disposition of his property amongst his children Mr.
Gould exercised the same prudence and foresight so characteristic
of him in business matters. He became, to a certain extent, his
own executor, and did not permit his children to wait in anxious
longing for his death in order to become entitled to their shares-
Some years back, after the youngest had become of age, he made
a general distribution between them of a large sum. To the boys
he gave absolutely $20,000 apiece, and on each of his daughters
HIS SONS FILLING HIS PLACE. 295
he settled a sum of $10,000. With each child he kept a regular
debit 9.nd credit account, and the portion which each took under
the will was regulated in this way: those who had overdrawn
during his lifetime, or for whose pecuniary help he had to give more
largely, had the amount charged against the shares to which they
became entitled under the will. The total of his fortune thus
distributed amounted to over a quarter of a* million, or perhaps
nearly $800,000.
The firm of Gould Bros, are extensively engaged in milling
operations. The mill property acquired is still owned by the sons,
Isaac J. Gould owning the old sawmill power,i and also the old
gristmill power, and Charles and H. J. Gould owning the North
mill and also the Wheler mill. New -oatmeal mills of enlarged
capacity, and with all modern improvements, have been recently
erected by the firm; and, although the manufacture exceeds one
hundred barrels per day, it all finds a ready home-market.
Besides banking, milling and farming on a. large scale, the
firm of Gould Bros, are also largely engaged in general mercantile
business in the town. Mr. Isaac J. Gould has, at his own cost,
just introduced the electric light, by which the town of Uxbridge
is now nightly illuminated. Mr. Gould did not live to see this,
ihe latest and one of the most marvellous inventions of civilization,
extended to the town, which he may be said to have founded ; but
he lived long enough to see his sons worthily fill his place as
business men of the highest standing in the community, and fol-
lowing in his footsteps, in engaging in and encouraging every enter-
prise calculated to advance their, and their father's, native town of
Uxbridge.
For several years Mr. Gould was a great suflferer from asthma,
which had the effect of checking his activity in public matters, inas-
much as it prevented his going out at night and speaking at public
' meetings.
Shortly before his death he underwent an operation for cancer
296 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
in the nose, which did not seem to cause him much pain or suffer-
ing, and which was performed most satisfactorily. •
Prom the time that he had passed his seventy-seventh year, his
bodily weakness increased ; he felt more acutely Death's nearer
approach, and he frequently told members of his family that he
ineyr the end was near ; that he was prepared ; that he lived in
hope and would die in hope, and that he waited for death in joy and
peace. He repeated those beautiful lines of Watt often, and, as he
said, with " comforting effect " : —
This life's a dream, an empty show :
But the bright world to which I go
Hath joys substantial and sincere ;
When shall I wake and find me there 1
glorious hour ! blest abode !
1 shall be near and like my God !
And flesh and sin no more* control
The sacred pleasure of the souL
He had lived eight years beyond man's allotted threescore and
ten. He saw nearly all the men with whom he had fought side by
side, or who had led the hosts of the enemy, pass away. He was
one of the last, as he was one of the first, of the pioneers of his own
township and of the county. He saw his sons and daughters all
grown up and married, and settled in life ; and in their children
the aged grandfather saw his own youth renewed and his race per-
petuated. He loved to play and frolic with his grandchildren.
And the great delight of young and old was the annual family
gathering. It was the custom to have a grand family gathering
once a year at the family residence in Uxbridge. This took place
on the 1st of January — ^the anniversary of the marriage of the father
and mother, when —
The gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore,
Had frisk'd beneath the burden of threescore.
CONCLUSION. ?97
As the sons and daughters grew up and married, and the " olive
branches " increased with each of them, these anniversary gather-
ings grew into larger and larger proportions, until at that imme-
diately preceding his death they numbered some sixty-odd, young
and old. He was very fond of reading the Psalms, and upon these
occasions would repeat the verse : " Thy wife shall be as a fruitful
vine by the side of thine house ; thy children like olive branches
round about thy table."
. At his home and in the social circle he was of a pleasant good-
humoured manner, and even up to his latest days, could enter into
all youthful frolics and amusements with a zes,t and a relish that
was most enjoyable and made him as welcome a guest as he was
himself the most hospitable of hosts. He never declined a political
encounter, and his vast stores of political and general information
made him always a formidable opponent. Indeed he was a man —
Exceeding wise, fair spoken and persuading.
The task which we have undertaken in sketching the life and
labours of Joseph Gould is nearly completed. Ouifs has been the
office of the literary workman. We have felt it to be more our duty
to record facts and events than to attempt to judge and criticise.
Our aim has been to supply an impartial narrative. In doing this,
we have endeavoured to assume neither the position of champion
nor defender. We chose no hero to glorify. Our subject was — ^we
were going to say — an ordinary man. But that would have been
a mistake. Joseph Gould was no ordinary man. In his life he ha»
left an example worthy of imitation. His perseverance, industry^
self-reliance and determination, as man and boy, to conquer a place
amongst his fellows are evidenced everywhere in these pages;
accident did not favour him. He had to fight his way from the
first. And he did so manfully — sometimes against untoward
circumstances. He set out with good intentions — and he kept
them. He carried out his own plan in life — and stuck to it
298 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
patiently, honestly and conscientiously. He never failed to be
punctual in meeting his engagements. He tells us of the straits
to which he put himself rather than break his pledged word. And
his life tells us how all this served him, and of the worth and value
of punctuality in business matters. Were there none of those
interesting reminiscences and descriptions of pioneer settlement;
wer0 there none of the important details and events in political and
municipal life with which in his time he became so closely con-
nected, and which have passed into the history of the country, the
life of Joseph Gould of Uxbridge, was not a barren one. He not
only created a large fortune ; but he literally and actually made a
name and foimded a family. The good that he has done will live
after him. An humble stone marks his grave. His remains lie
interred in the peaceful Quaker Hill burial ground beside those of
his sturdy father and beautiful Quaker mother, Bachel Lee : —
So may he rest, his faults lie gently on him.
FUNERAL NOTICE.
The following notice of the death and funeral of Mr. Gould
appeared in the Uxbridge Journal of the 2nd July, 1886 : —
Mr. Joseph Gould, ex-M.P., died at his residence, Uxbridge, on
Tuesday, the 29th ult.; in his seventy-eighth year. Dissolution took
place lEkbout half-an-hour before midnight, and was rather unexpected.
Up to the last he possessed full consciousness, and spoke within a
few minutes of his death. He passed away so quietly and peace-
fully that it was thought he was sleeping ; but it was the sleep that
knows no waking. He gave his orders and transacted business
up to the last. Only the previous Saturday did he take to his bed,
and the day before his death he gave directions and did some bnsi- *
ness. He himself had a premonition that the end was approaching,
for he said to members of his family, on lying down, that he was
going to take his final rest — that he was sure he would not rise
FUNERAL NOTICE. , 299
alive again from that bed of sickness. He had been for years a
martyr to asthma, and latterly, as the burden of years grew upon
him, his health had become moreand more enfeebled. The appear-
ance of the germs of cancer in the face a short time ago, for which
he underwent an operation, and which were removed without
apparently much pain or suffering, must have helped still further
to enfeeble his once vigorous frame. Withal, he carried the weight
of his nearly fourscore years so jauntily, and had baffled disease so
long, that his friends had hopes that his life would have been pro-
longed a few years further at least ; none of them certainly antici-
pated the end being so near. But as there is nothing more certain
than death, neither is there anything more uncertain than the time
of dying.
. . Life's latest hour is nimble in approach,
And like a post, comes on in swift career.
Joseph Gould was born at Uxbridge, 29th December, 1808, and
i?7as exactly seventy-seven years and six months old at the time of
Tais decease. He was the son of Jonathan Gold — a member of the
Society of Friends — one of those excellent Pennsylvanian Quakers
ivho emigrated to Canada in the first years of the present century,
and settled at Uxbridge. Their location was called and is still
known as Quaker Hill. It is delightfully situated on a rising
ground within a mile and a half of the present prosperous town of
Uxbridge. The old homestead, which the father and grandfather
Taelped to clear and reclaim from the primeval forest, still belongs
\o the family. Mr. Gould underwent all the trials and hardships
incident to the life of the early Canadian settler in the '' bush,"
and whilst doing so, by his persevering industry and courageous self-
denial, laid the foundation of the large fortune afterwards acquired by
him during an honourable, well-spent life. He was a hard worker all
his life, and a shrewd, intelligent business man. With the growth
of settlement, he saw the face of the country changing from the
unbroken forest to cultivated fields and thriving towns and villages.
,300 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
the seats of busy trade and commerce. He did his share as a
worker in bringing about the change for the better, and profited by
it by his enterprise and sagacity. He built sawmills, and grist-
mills, and woollen mills, laid out town plots, and built on them,,
and encouraged others in building, and was mainly instrumental
in securing to the town the benefits of railway communication. To
him more than any other man the Uxbridge of to-day owes its
existence. And with what feelings of pride must he have contem-
plated its growth, from the few log houses of his infancy — from the
little old sawmill put up by Dr. Beswick in the first decade of this
century — to the ranges of spacious brick stores, the fine mansions,,
the town hall, large mills and manufacturing establishments, rail-
ways, telegraphs and telephones of to-day !
It was not alone in the building up and material prosperity of
his native Uxbridge that the deceased Joseph Gould took an active
part ; he took an interest in, and helped on, every movement and
good work calculated to promote its moral and educational advance-
ment ; and one of his last acts was to give a free site and money to
build a fine Mechanics' Institute and Free Library. He was also
eminently a County man. His efforts contributed largely to the
early setting off of the county of Ontario from York and Peel. And
his efforts on behalf of County independence did not go unrecognized,
for at the first •meeting of the Provisional Council, held 8rd May,
1852, he was elected warden. He always took a leading part in
county matters. He did his best to obtain a charter and promote
the construction of a county railway — a line running through the
entire length of the county, from Georgian Bay to Lake Ontario,
with a branch to Uxbridge. His efforts in that direction proving
fruitless, he joined in with Mr. George Laidlaw and the promoters
of the Nipissing Company, and secured to the people of his own
locality the benefits of that line — ^which now forms part of the Mid-
land division of the Grand Trunk.
From his earliest youth Mr. Gould was an active politician..
FUNERAL NOTICE. 301
His mind was early imbued with the principles of freedom and
liberty of conscience inherited from his Quaker parentage. He may
be said to have been bom a Canadian Liberal. Throughout his
long life he was a consistent, unflinching Beformer. And he was a
man who stood up boldly for his principles. When the political
grievances of the country led to Mackenzie's unsuccessful rising
in 1837, Joseph Gould was no shirker. He took sides with the
** patriots," who, failing in their efforts to obtain peaceable reforms,
felt themselves justified in resorting to revolution — a course for
which they had before them plenty of British precedents. And he
suffered the penalty of his patriotism. He was arrested, and incar-
<5erated from the 13th of December, 1837, to October, 1838, when
he was pardoned on giving security to keep the peace and be of
good behaviour for three years. The man who was stigmatized as
a ** rebel of '37," and who never felt abashed or ashamed of the
taunt, was, like his leader and many of his compatriots, afterwards
elected to every office in the gift of the people for which he was
induced to offer himself as a candidate. Previous to the insurrec-
tion he represented his municipality under the Township Commis-
sioners' Act. Afterwards he was elected to the District Council
from 1842 to 1854 ; he was elected first reeve of Uxbridge when the
<sounty of Ontario was separated from York and Peel, and subse-
quently,^ as has been already stated, first warden of the new county.
He was also the first member of Parliament elected for North
Ontario, in 1854, and was elected for a second term in 1857-8. His
defeat on the next appeal to the people, by the present Chief Justice
Cameron, was owing to local combinations, an account of which
would be here out of place. Continuously since then, he was year
after year elected president of the North Ontario Beform Associa-
tion, and held the position of honorary president at the time of his
death. No man was more trusted by his party or had more influence
in his own section. He lived to see his political character fully
Tindicated, and his eldest son, the present popular member for
THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULD.
North Ontario, in the Local Legislature, take his place in the
qouncils of his country.
Joseph Gould was a man of sterling principle and high honour
and integrity, and was as well respected as he was widely known.
No man will be more missed in this community in which he had so
long lived. But whilst his family and friends mourn their loss,
they have the consolation that he died full of years and honours, Sr
true and humble Christian, leaving an untarnished reputation and
good example behind him in the lesson of his well-spent life. He
leaves a fortune of upwards of quarter of a million dollars, to be
divided amongst his children, according to the terms of his will.
THE FUNERAL.
The Globe, giving an account of the funeral, which took place
on Friday, the 2nd inst., has the following : —
The remains of the late Joseph Gould, of Uxbridge, were interred
at the Friends' burial ground, Quaker Hill. The funeral cortfege
was perhaps the largest ever witnessed in that section of the
coimtry. It extended in almost a continuous line from the family
residence to the place of burial, a distance of nearly two miles.
Besides the large concourse of people on foot there were some 150
carriages in the procession. From early morning people from a-
distance poured into the town in large nulnbers, and the railway
trains brought in their quotas from every direction. The citizena
of Uxbridge turned out en masse, the Mayor having issued his pro-
clamation requesting the closing of all places of business during
the afternoon. The Board of Trade passed a resolution to the same
effect, and tendering their condolence to the family. The Mayor
and members of the Town Council headed the procession, the fire-
men turned out in their imiform, and although the funeral cortege
had been announced to move at two o'clock it was close upon four
before it started, in consequence of the crowds which kept thronging
FUNERAL NOTICE — NOTE. 30S
forward in order to have a last look at the well-known features of
him whom they had come to honour. The pall-bearers were
Hector Grant, of Thorah, the veteran Eeformer, who hJid fought so
many gallant battles side by side with Mr. Gould ; A. T. Button,
Hugh Miller, John Leys, T. C. Porman, and W. H. Higgins,
Amongst others present from a distance were A. P. Cockburn, M.P.;
J. D. Edgar, M.P. ; John Dryden, M.PP. ; Sheriff Paxton ; George
Wheler, ex-M.P. ; Messrs. George and James Watt, of Brantford ;
reeves and representatives of most of the municipalities of North
and South Ontario, and from several of the municipalities of
adjoining counties. The gathering of the old " stand-by " Eeformers
was immense, and many leading Conservatives were also present
to pay the last tribute of respect to the remains of the old Eefor-
mer to whom they had so long stood opposed as a leading man of
his party. Eev. Mr. Dorland, minister of the Society of Friends,
preached the funeral sermon, and the casket containing the body
was placed in the grave with the simple funeral services of that
religious body.
NOTE.
During his trip to the great American Centennial, in 1876, Mr.
Gould took occasion to visit Germantown, the home of his ancestors.
He employed the oldest cabman he could get to drive him round,
and look up the t)ld places. One of the first spots visited was the
little churchyard where sleep the remains of his great grandfather,
Michael Gold, the first Irish exile of his name who '* sang the bold
anthems of Erin-go-bragh " by the banks of the Susquehanna. He
had no difficulty in tracing out the homestead of his grandfather,
Joseph Gold, and the house where his father, Jonathan, the future
Canadian immigrant, was born. He appeared to know all the land-
marks as well as if he had been bom and reared on the spot, he says,
304 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF JOSEPH GOULDj
/
SO vivid was the picture impressed upon his retentive memory by
the oft-repeated description of the locality which he had listened to
from the lips of his father and mother. The cabman was an Irish-
man named Corcoran, who had known the place for upwards of
fifty-five years, and he was, as he acknowledged, "nonplushed
entirely " at the facility with which Mr. Gould was able to trace out
the different locations in the neighbourhood. Of the Gold family
the cabman had heard many stories. He had heard all about
** Michael Killbuck," the deer-slayer, and he had heard of two sons
of Joseph (the grandfather), by his first wife, who had joined the
patriotic army of Washington and who had, according to his story,
performed prodigies of valour on the field of battle. " England,"
said this Irish-American Jehu (who, like many of his congenersy
was a bit of a wag), " England, an' English goold, begorries, won
many battles ; but it was Goold, afther all, an' the Irish Goold at
that, that wallopped 'em at Germantown." Mr. Gould went over
the old battle-ground with his talkative cabman, who was full of
anecdotes of the scene. The only Gold he could trace up was
Charles Gold, who was absent at the time, and whom Mr. Gould
consequently did not see. The cabman described ** Charley " as " a
strapping big fellow." "He has been to the war/' said he, ''iin'
did a citizen-soldier's share in puttin' down sesesh an' slavery.
He can knock down more men and drink more whiskey than any
man in the State ; an' he is a thrump every time." Mr. Gould,
after this, did not take much further trouble to hunt up his relative,
the " Thrump," and left the Centennial without making his personal
acquaintance. Of the great exhibition, he speaks with his usual
intelligent observation, and with that admiration which was felt by
all who saw the grandeur and magnificence of the display.
This book sliould toe returned t
the Library on or before the last dal
stamped below.
A fino of five oorkta a day is incurro
by retaining it beyond the specific)
timo»
Ploase return promptly.
MAR 23 1951
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